定語從句（自備）課件

1、The Attributive Clause (I)定語從句(I)什么是定語？I like the pen.Which pen? red 定語從句 一個句子充當(dāng)定語I like the pen. ( which one ?)The pen cost me 10 yuan.I like cost me 10 yuan. which 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞就是用來代替先行詞的 the pen = whichThe penthe pen.Look at the photos which I took on my trip.定語從句關(guān)系代詞which為引導(dǎo)詞，在從句中代替photos先行詞 that

2、 that概念： 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。I like music that I can dance to .Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music .一、什么是定語從句？二 、先行詞是什么詞？ 定語從句的先行詞多為名詞或代詞。I like music that I can dance to .Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music .三、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞： 分類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 作用： 1、代替先行詞 ； 2、引導(dǎo)定

3、語從句 ； 3、在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分 。 注： 關(guān)系代詞：主語 / 賓語 關(guān)系副詞：狀語四、引導(dǎo)詞用法：（兩個“什么”：一是作什么，二是指什么） 1.關(guān)系代詞： 作什么：主語 / 賓語 指什么： 人 / 物 2.關(guān)系副詞： 作什么：狀語 指什么：時間 / 地點 / 原因指人指物主語賓語that whichwhowhom 關(guān)系代詞的用法 何時可以省略？做賓語時可以省略修飾對象時間地點原因關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞的用法when= in/onwhichwhere = in/on/whichwhy = for which 實踐：指出下列各句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法1.A plane is a machine t

4、hat can fly .2.The noodles that I cooked were delicious .3.Who is the girl that is reading English over there ?4.The old man (that) we saw yesterday was Mr. White .5.The bikes which are made in Tianjin sell well .6.The book (which) he bought last week cost him twenty yuan .7.The boy who came to our

5、class yesterday is from America .8.The girl (who/whom) you talked to is Kate .9.You can leave here any time when you want to .10.This is the house where I once lived .11.He didnt tell me the reason why he was late for school .五、如何確定引導(dǎo)詞： 第一步解決作什么：分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷從句的主干是否完整： 否 關(guān)系代詞（作主語/賓語） 是 關(guān)系副詞 （作狀語） 第二步

6、解決指什么：結(jié)合第一步回看先行詞 關(guān)系代詞：指人 / 指物 關(guān)系副詞：指時間 / 指地點 / 指原因?qū)嵺`： 1.Do you know the man _ saved five people in the fire ? A. who B. it C. when D. Whom 2.People are talking about the old house _ Tom bought two years ago . A. where B. that C. whose D. why AB which / who / whom / that / / ? The boy _ is standing u

7、nder the tree is my friend Tom.He lives in a house _ stands on a hill. That little girl_ Tom often helps is his sister Mary. The bird _ is singing in the cage is Toms too. Bob is his dog _ Tom and Maryoften play with. The dog is great. Yesterday he caught a thief _ was running away. that who whom wh

8、ich / that who that which that which that / who thatSee you next time!which 可代替物that 可代替人（有生命的事物）或物引導(dǎo)詞用法又一解釋：1、that和which的用法1).which代替事物，在從句中充當(dāng)主語和賓語1.I cant find the letter. The letter came this morning. 2.Please give me the book. The book is about travel.3.This is the bag. My mother bought it last

9、week.4. The house is made of wood. Jack built the house. This is the bag which my mother bought last week.I cant find the letter which came this morning.Please give me the book which is about travel.The house which Jack built is made of wood. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時，可以省略 / /thatthatthatthat2).that 代替人或物，在從句中充當(dāng)

10、 主語 和 賓語1.The boy is called Tom. The boy broke the window. The boy that broke the window is called Tom.2.Mr. Li is the person. You talked with the person on the bus. Mr. Liu is the person that you talked with on the bus. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時，可以省略 /2.who 代替人，在從句中可充當(dāng) 主語Do you know the girl?(which girl?)1.The

11、girl is running on the grass.2. The girl likes singing very much.1.Do you know is running on the grass. 2.Do you know likes singing very much. who whothe girlThe girlthe girlThe girl?注：who / whom 代替人，在從句中充當(dāng) 賓語 He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man I told you about . The woman is a teach

12、er. We saw the woman in the park just now.The woman is a teacher. whoWe saw in the park just now whomthe woman whowhomhim.指人指物主語賓語that whichwhowhomSummary 關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞在從句的用法何時可以省略？做賓語時可以省略關(guān)系代詞 which /who/ whom/ that The boy _ is standing under the tree is my friend Tom.He lives in a house _ stands o

13、n a hill. That little girl_ Tom often helps is his sister Mary. The bird _ is singing in the cage is Toms too. Bob is his dog _ Tom and Maryoften play with. The dog is great. Yesterday he caught a thief _ was running away. that who whom which / that who that which that which that / who that小測：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系

14、詞填空：Last night I saw a very good film _ was about the youth.The student _ you want to see has come back.I like Judy and her house_ are very beautiful. whichwho/whom that3.關(guān)系代詞：whoseI want s window faces the sea.Eg:我看見一些葉子是黃色的樹。I saw some trees _leaves were yellow.護士就是以照看病人為工作的人。A nurse is a person _

15、 job is to take care of the patient in the hospital.a roomThe room. whosewhosewhose4.關(guān)系副詞的用法：When 表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語I still remember the year when you graduated from 8 Middle School.Why表示原因，在定從中作原因狀語，先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。I dont know the reason why he was sick.Where表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。That is the school whe

16、re I studied three years ago.Exercise:I like I lived 2 years ago.I like the house in which I lived 2 years ago.I like the house where I lived 2 years ago.My birthday is a time _I get lots of presents.the house.the housein which wherewhen修飾對象時間地點原因關(guān)系副詞先行詞和關(guān)系副詞的搭配when= in/onwhichwhere = in/on/whichwhy

17、 = for which 難點(1)：區(qū)分who, whom1. The man _ talked to you just now is a worker. 2. The foreigner _ visited our class yesterday is from Canada.3. Id like to see the boy _ you talked about .4. The girl _ we saw yesterday is Johns sister.whowhowhomwhom難點(2):關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時 可省略，作主語則不可。1. Did you read the

18、book _ I lend to you ? A. whose B. / C. who D. what2. Did you read the book _was popular at the moment. A. that B. / C. who D. whatBA難點(3):介詞前置： 1、介詞前置時不可用that 代替。 2、詞組不可前置1. This is the dictionary _ I paid ten dollars.A. which B. / C. who D. for which2. I saw a woman _ I talked yesterday.A. who B.

19、whom C. to whom D. whose3. This is the farm _ I once worked .A.in which B. on which C. at which D. which 4.Is this book _you are _?A.for which, looking B. for that , looking C. which , looking for D. which ,looking DCBC特殊情況指物時只能用that的情況1.先行詞為_等不定代詞時2.先行詞被_修飾時3.先行詞被_修飾時4.先行詞被_修飾時5.先行詞是be的表語或there be

20、的主語時指人時只能用that的情況1.2.不能用that的情況1.2.everything , all ,little, muchall, every, no , any, some, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級先行詞有人又有物時當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊問句時介詞前置時非限制性定語從句難點(4):特殊情況1. Tom told his father everything_ had happened. A. that B. which C. D. what 2. Finally ,th

21、e thief handed all money _ he had stolen to the police . A.which B. whose C. that D. what 3. This is the last time _ Ill teach you . A. which B. that C. when D. on which 4. The film I saw a few days ago is the best one _ Ill ever seen . A. which B. what C. that D. on which ACBC5. There is a book _yo

22、u have read . A.that B. which C. what D. who6. It is a book _is very interesting. A. who B. which C. / D. that7. Who is the girl _ is singing at the party. A. who B. whom C. that D. which8. They visited the workers and factories _ they had known about . A. which B. who C. whom D. that ADCD定語從句的分類-限制

23、性定語從句限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，若去掉，所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不可用逗號分開。 She has found the nacklace（that）she lost two weeks ago, 定語從句的分類-非限制性定語從句非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明（注：通常和主句間用逗號隔開，不受主句句子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立） 例：My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. The Attributive Claus

24、e (II) 定語從句(II)一、補充關(guān)系代詞whose和關(guān)系副詞how 的用法1、whose，既可指人也可以指物，在從句中作定語（或者說whose和其所修飾的詞一起作從句的主語或賓語）。 The boy whose father is a teacher is my classmate . The house whose windows face south is my anuts .2、how,在從句中作狀語，指方式。 Its the way how he improved his math .二、當(dāng)先行詞指物時，that & which區(qū)別：一).用that而不用which的情況：1、當(dāng)

25、先行詞是all,much,little,everything,nothing等不定代詞時；Thats all that I have seen and heard .2、當(dāng)先行詞被不定代詞修飾時； Ive read all the books that my mother bought for me .3、當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時；This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen .4、當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時；Look at these flowers ,you can see the one that you gave m

26、e .5、當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the last,the same,the very,one of ,no 等修飾時；This is the only book that was written by him .6、當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時；They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday .7.當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時；Its a book that will help you a lot .My hometown is no longer the plac

27、e that it used to be .8、當(dāng)主句是which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時。Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ?二)、用which而不用that的情況：1、關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時；This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.2、當(dāng)從句為非限制性定語從句時；Football ,which is very interesting game ,is played in many countries .3.當(dāng)先行詞是that ,those時；Whats that which was put in the

28、car?三、先行詞指人時，who,whom&that的區(qū)別：1、當(dāng)主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時，只能用that引導(dǎo)；Who is the boy that is wearing a red coat over there ?2、當(dāng)先行詞是those,one等指人的不定代詞時；We should help those who are in trouble .3.先行詞指人且介詞提前緊跟引導(dǎo)詞之后，只能用whom 。This is the boy with whom I played tennis .四、定語從句中的主謂一致。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語必須和先行詞一致。Tom

29、is one of the boys who are from the U.S. Tom is the only boy that is from the U.S .People who are overweight need more water than thin ones .五、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，若去掉，所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不可用逗號分開。 She has found the nacklace（that）she lost two weeks ago, 2、非限定性定語從句的作

30、用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明（注：通常和主句間用逗號隔開，不受主句句子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立） My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 六、雙重定語從句雙重定語從句就是在定語從句中還有一個定語從句。The house which he bought in 1968, and which he sold two years later, is again on the market.他于1968年買下的。兩年以后又賣掉的那 座房子，現(xiàn)在又一次待售。 七、嵌入式定語從句She has an ado

31、pted child who she says was an orphan. （她有一個她說曾是孤兒的養(yǎng)子。）該句中“who was an orphan”是“an adopted child”的后置修飾語，同時又是“she says”的賓語，故“who she says was an orphan”就是嵌入式定語從句。 八、分隔式定語從句所謂分隔就是指定語從句和它所修飾的詞之間被其他句子成分隔開。A new master will come tomorrowwho will teach your German. 本句中who will xxx 修飾 master. 也有很多定語從句直接和它修飾

32、的詞相連，本句也可寫成 A new master who will teach your German will come tomorrow， 但會顯得頭重腳輕。 Practice課時訓(xùn)練.單項選擇1. There is nothing_ I can do . A. that B. which C. who D. what先行詞是 something, nothing, anything 等不定代詞時，用that 2. Do you know the man _ is wearing glasses? A. who B. which C. what D. where3. The boy _ i

33、s playing football is my brother. A. which B. who C. what D. where4. Ill never forget the day _ I first met her. A. what B. who C. which D. whenI cant find the book _ my mother bought me. A. who B. when C. which D. what6. The film _ I saw yester-day was very interesting. who B. whenC. what D. that7.

34、 This is the pan _ I heat the milk. A. which B. where C. with which D. in which8. Is there anything _ I can help you?A. that B. which C. who D. whatAll _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work. A. what B. that C. which D. things10. Is this the factory _you wish to visit?A. that B. where C. w

35、hen D. whatIm reading a book _ was written by Luxun.A. which B. who C. what D. when12. I like the teacher _ gave us a talk last week.A. who B. whichC. when D. where13. This is one of the beautiful mountains _ I have seen before.A. which B. who C. what D. that14. After 20 years he went back to the ci

36、ty _ he used to live. A. where B. when C. what D. how15. Mr Green is only one of those foreigners _ is working in China.A. that B. which C. whom D. whoseMy necklace is not the only thing _ is missing. A. which B. that C. what D. where先行詞被only修飾時用，關(guān)系代詞用that.17. I hate people _ talked much but do _. A

37、. who, few B. that, few C. which, little D. who, little18. Ill shoot anyone _ moves. A. which B. when C. where D. who先行詞是anyone, someone, those時，關(guān)系詞使用who，不用that.19. I dont know the reason _ he was late this morning. A. what B. when C. why D. whoWe are looking for a thief _ parrots and necklaces. A. who like stealing B. who likes stealing C. that like to steal D. which likes to steal .句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Do you know the man? The man is picking up the waste paper. (改為含有定語從句的句子) Do you know the man _ _ up the waste paper.whos picking2.I like books. The books are written by