初中中考英語非謂語動詞整理

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)，即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。 可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。非謂語動詞與謂語動詞是相對的概念。 Eg:To learn English well,he needs a dictionary. 為了學(xué)好英語，他需要一本詞典。Collecting stamps is interesting.They havent finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。Can you hear her singing the

2、 song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?非謂語動詞：(to) do,doing,done一、初中常見不定式 to do/do 的用法和句子、詞組常用句式有:1、it 作形式主語：It+be+形容詞+for sb +to do2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3.it 作形式賓語：sb.find/think it+形容詞+to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為某人做某事是.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的情況是很重要 的。4. Its ti

3、me for sb. to do sth.該是某人做某事的時候了5.Its our duty to do Its our turn to do 是我們的責(zé)任/輪到我們做某事6、疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他給了我們一些學(xué) 英語的建議。7.一些表示情感類的形容詞可用于句型“be+adj.+to do.”翻譯為“做某事感到.”be happy/sorry/excited/surprised/glad/afraid/pleased to do 感到高興/抱歉/激動/驚訝做某事8.常用詞組：作賓語/作賓語補(bǔ)足語1)

4、.like to do/like sb. to do 喜歡（某人）做某事2).would like (sb.) to do =want (sb.) to do 想要（某人）做某事3).sk sb. (not) to do 要求某人（不要）做某事4).stop to do 停下來去做某事 (區(qū)分 stop to do 與 stop doing（停止做某事）)5).tell sb. to do 告訴某人做某事6).refuse/agree to do 拒絕/同意做某事7).help sb. to do/do sth. 幫助某人做某事8).decide to do 決定做某事9)try (not)

5、to do sth.盡力（不要）去做某事10).cant wait to do 迫不及待做某事11).try ones best to do sth. 盡某人全力去做某事12).hope to do=wish to do 希望某人做某事13).plan to do 計劃做某事14).expect sb. to do 希望某人做某事15).send sb. to do 送某人去做某事16).invite sb. to do 邀請某人做某事17).forget /remember to do 忘記/記得去做某事 （區(qū)分 forget /remember doing sth.忘記/記得 做了某事)1

6、8).be able to do 能夠做某事19).seem to do/be 好像做某事20).疑問詞+to do .做21).need sb. to do 需要某人做某事22).use sth. to do 利用.做某事23).a good way to do 做某事的一種好方法24).a good time to do 做某事的好時間25).be the first/second to do 第一個/第二個做某事27).allow sb. to do 允許某人做某事28).too.to do sth. 太.而不能做某事29).(not)+形容詞+enough to do （不夠）.做某事

7、30).encourage sb. to do 鼓勵某人做某事31).wait (for sb.) to do 等待（某人）做某事32).choose to do 選擇做某事33).make a decision/plan to do 決定/計劃做某事34).have an opportunity to do 有機(jī)會做某事35).used to do 過去常常做某事 (區(qū)分 used to do,be used to do,be used to doing 過去常 常，被用來做某事，習(xí)慣于做某事)36).be used to do 被用來做某事37.)hurry to do 匆忙做某事39).

8、pretend to do 假裝做某事40).prefer to do 寧愿做某事41).be willing to do 樂意做某事42).volunteer to do 志愿做某事43).offer to do 提供做某事44).in order to do 為了做某事45).warn sb. to do 警告某人做某事46).remind sb. (not) to do 提醒某人（不要）做某事 remind sb. of/about sth.使某人想起某事 47).be supposed to do 應(yīng)該做某事48).cant afford to do 負(fù)擔(dān)不起做某事Attention:

9、有些動詞如 make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have 等與不帶有 to 的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加 to,如:1).why not do sth.=why dont you do 為什么不做某事2).Let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事3).Make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事4).See sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事 (區(qū)分 see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事)5).Would rather do A than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做 A 也不愿

10、做 BEg:I made him read English.He was made to read English.2.作表語:Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打掃大廳。He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。5.作定語:動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:動賓關(guān)系:I have a meeting to attend. 我有一個會議要出席。注意:不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如: He found a good house to live i

11、n. 他找到了一個居住的好房子。The child has nothing to worry about. 這個孩子無憂無慮。說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:We have made a plan to finish the work. 我們制定了一個完成工作的計劃。被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:He is the first to get 他here.第一個來到這兒。6.作狀語:表目的:He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以繼日地工作來賺錢。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她賣掉了自己的頭發(fā)來買那條表

12、鏈。表原因:常放在形容詞后面They were very sad to hear the news. 他們聽到這條新聞非常傷心。表程度:Its too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我們什么也看不見。The question is simple for him to answer. 這問題由他來回答是很簡單的。7.作目的狀語:既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾To tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked. 說實話，我不喜歡他講話的方式。二、動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞 doing 的句法和詞組1、當(dāng)動名詞短語作主語時

13、Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。2、作表語:In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。 3、作賓語/作賓語補(bǔ)足語:They havent finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個例句。要記

14、住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語1). like doing sth. 喜歡做某事2). enjoy doing sth. 樂意做某事3).have fun doing sth. 愉快地做某事4).have difficulty/problem/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難5).be interested in doing sth. 對做某事感興趣6).thanks for doing 感謝做某事7).watch (hear,see,find) sb. doing 看著（聽見，看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)）某人做某事8).stop (keep,prevent) sb.from d

15、oing 阻止某人做某事 9).go+V-ing(hiking,swimming,shopping,camping) 去遠(yuǎn)足/去游泳/去購物/去野營 10).do some +V-ing (shopping,cleaning) 購物/清潔 11).What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣？（用于提建議的） 12).practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事13).mind (sb/ones) doing 介意做某事14).think about/of doing sth. 考慮/想起做某事15).cant stand doing sth. 不能容忍做某事16)

16、.spend +some time/金錢 +(in) doing /on sth/with sb.17).finish /begin/start doing 完成/開始做某事18).be busy doing sth.忙于做某事19).be good at doing sth. 擅長做某事20).hating doing sth.討厭做某事21).There be +名詞+doing22).by doing 通過做23).feel like doing sth.想要做某事24).allow doing 允許做某事25).end up doing 以而告終26).be afraid of doi

17、ng 害怕做某事27).be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣坐某事28).give up doing sth. 放棄做某事29).put off doing 推遲做某事30).instead of doing 代替做某事31).keep doing =continue doing 持續(xù)做某事32).have a chance of doing 有機(jī)會做某事33).before/after/when/while doing34).prefer doing sth.更喜歡做某事35).dream of /about doing 夢想做某事36).be used for doing =b

18、e used to do 被用于做某事37).without doing 沒做38).be comfortable doing sth.做很舒服；舒服得做某事39).cant stop/help doing 忍不住做某事40).look forward to doing 期待做某事41).be against doing 反對做某事42).suggest doing 建議做43).be worth doing 值得做某事4.作定語:He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your s

19、chool? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎?5、作方式狀語，表示伴隨:He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 三、過去分詞 done過去分詞作定語:Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。 Last week,I saw a movie called Wonder.過去分詞作表語:The window is broken. 窗戶破了。過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語: （初中 have/get sth. done 使某事被做）I heard the song

20、sung several times last week.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。We had the machine mended just now.我們剛才請人把機(jī)器修好了。He has had his hair cut.他（請人給他）理發(fā)了。練習(xí)：6You cant expect _(learn) a new sport in a few days.7Larry wants _(visit) her grandparents this Sunday morning.8Were planning _(go) to Beijing on vacation next week.9She

21、spent much time _(play)computer games.10I try _(get) good grades in this Chinese exam.11She decided _(leave) here a little earlier.12Id like _(write) a book about my hometown.13His daughter is learning _(play) the piano.14They hope _(stay) in Hong Kong for another two weeks.15Finally she canthelp _(

22、cry).19這個小女孩不能忍受吃西餐。The little girl _ _ _ western food. 25他真不知道下一步做什么。He doesnt really know _ _ _ next.Mr. Hunt was a forty-five-year-old man. Five years ago, he still lived _hard life. Later on, he tried to write about his terrible past in a novel. He posted his first novel to a newspaper and waite

23、d for a year. He couldnt get enough _2._ (money)to buy food or clothes for his family. He even wanted to kill himself before he received a reply from a newspaper: His novel would soon _3_(publish)!Mr. Hunt became famous in his town. Several of his novels were published and he got lots of _4_(letter)

24、 from all over the country. He had to attend some important _5_(meeting) and meet some visitors. He had to ask his mother _6_ lived in a small village to come to help him to do some housework. His mother was strong enough to do all the housework and she was ready _7._ (live) with her son. One day, Mr. Hunt was busy _8._(write) a novel when the telephone rang. He was invited to _9._important party. He had to leave at once. That evening, when he came back, he found his room was clean and tidy. But he couldnt find the novel he had been writing. He asked, “Where did you put the p