母豬微量元素的應用實踐課件

1、母豬微量元素的應用實踐母豬微量元素的應用實踐母豬微量元素缺乏問題母豬微量元素缺乏會導致肢蹄病的發(fā)生率和淘汰率增高母豬微量元素缺乏問題母豬微量元素缺乏會導致肢蹄病的發(fā)生率和淘母豬微量元素缺乏導致的皮膚角質化母豬微量元素缺乏導致的皮膚角質化Joint Samples from Experimental Farms Joint Samples from Experimenta骨軟化癥Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.骨軟化癥Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer,豬骨軟化癥與軟骨生長板異常有關正常

2、生長板骨軟化癥生長板Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.豬骨軟化癥與軟骨生長板異常有關正常生長板骨軟化癥生長板JubAgenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有機微量元素在母豬中的應用Agenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現Days of Gestation FeTrace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011礦物質在胚胎的沉積妊娠天數鐵和鋅Days of Gestation FeTrac

3、e mineDays of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011礦物質在胚胎的沉積錳,毫克妊娠天數Days of Gestation Trace mineraDays of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus g Adapted from Ma, 2011礦物質在胚胎的沉積硒,微克妊娠天數Days of Gestation Trace mineraDays of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fet

4、us mg Adapted from Ma, 2011銅,毫克礦物質在胚胎的沉積妊娠天數Days of Gestation Trace mineraTM in whole litter during gestation Adapted from Ma, 2011Day of gestation 妊娠天數43587391101108115Cu, mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35Fe, mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9Mn, mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48Zn, mg3.4423.057.8

5、117.6178.4241.3281.7Se, mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49微量元素在妊娠期中沉積的總量TM in whole litter during gestTrace minerals change in maternal liver Day of gestation Elements43587391101108OpenP-value*Cu, mg72.6114.390.760.461.988.466.0 0.03CFe, mg333326321305339313475 0.69Mn, mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.90 0.5

6、1Zn, mg134114143100135138172 0.48Se, mg 1.291.241.251.261.351.301.25 0.55*Note: L: linear response, Q: quadratic response, C: cubic response Mineral analyzed by ICP-MS 妊娠期間微量元素在母體肝臟中的變化妊娠天數Trace minerals change in materAgenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有機微量元素在母豬中的應用Agenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現母豬

7、為什么容易出現微量元素缺乏？首先說明是高產母豬母豬在胎兒發(fā)育和泌乳過程中動用了自身的微量元素妊娠母豬日糧是高纖維和高植酸磷，影響微量元素吸收隨著母豬胎齡的增加 體重增大，維持需要也增大母豬為什么容易出現微量元素缺乏？首先說明是高產母豬礦物質 Mineral泌乳需求 Milk demand1攝入Intake2需要的利用效率Required efficiency3(g or mg/day)(g or mg/day)(%)銅 Copper (mg)1826.368鐵 Iron (mg)274206錳 Manganese (mg)11051硒Selenium (mg)0.30.837鋅 Zinc (m

8、g)70263271 Calculated assuming an average milk production of 10 kg/day and with average milk mineral concentrations derived from Park et al. (1994), and Mahan (2000). 2 Assuming a daily feed intake of 5.25 kg (NRC, 1998).3 Minimum dietary mineral utilization efficiency required for milk production.泌

9、乳母豬微量礦物質日攝入和需求計算值Calculated daily mineral intakes and demands for lactating sows (Cont.)(Richards and Close, 2001)16礦物質 Mineral泌乳需求 攝入需要的利用效率Requi后備母豬和繁殖母豬血清和肝臟中鋅，鐵和銅濃度的比較A comparison of concentrations of zinc, iron & copper in serum and liver from gilts and sows(Richards and Close, 2001)17后備母豬和繁殖母豬

10、血清和肝臟中鋅，(Richards and(%)第三胎次母豬 VS 非妊娠母豬，同年齡 3rd Litter Sows compared to Non-Gravid, Same Age繁殖母豬漸進式脫礦變化Progressive demineralization of reproducing sows % change(Mahan and Newton, 1995. as adapted from Boyd, 2004)18(%)第三胎次母豬 VS 非妊娠母豬，同年齡 3rd Li妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質需求的變化Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and

11、Lactating Sows19妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質需求的變化Trace Mine妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質需求的變化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 20銅 Copper (Cu) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements銅 Copper (mg)5.05.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements銅 Copper (mg)10.020.0銅 Copper (Cu) in NRC (2012)妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質需求的變

12、化 Trace Min21錳 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements錳 Manganese (mg)20.020.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements錳Manganese (mg)25.025.0錳 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (2012) Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 23錳 Manganese (Mn)妊娠期Gestation22鋅 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (

13、1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements鋅 Zinc (mg)50.050.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements鋅 Zinc (mg)100.0100.0鋅 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (2012)妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質需求的變化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 24鋅 Zinc (Zn)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期La中國母豬微量礦物質需求Sow Mineral Requirement in ChinaChinaNRC 201

14、2NRC 1998妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation銅Copper, ppm5.05.010205.05.0(35)(35)鐵Iron, ppm758080808080(750)(750)錳Manganese, ppm1820.525252020(150)(150)鋅 Zinc, ppm45511001005050(150)(150)硒 Selenium, ppm0.140.150.150.150.150.15(0.5)(0.5)()上限( ) upper limitation23中國

15、母豬微量礦物質需求ChinaNRC 2012NRC 19An attempt to address the needs of sows in a commercial operation with higher vitamins and trace minerals商業(yè)母豬使用高水平維生素和微量元素的嘗試An attempt to address the nee2002 data (25,571 Litters)Age related reduction of litter-size in parity 4 to 11 sows第4-第11胎母豬與年齡相關的下降趨勢(Adapted from

16、Boyd, 2004)2002 data (25,571 Litters)Age (Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Age related death loss in sows與母豬年齡相關的死亡損失(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Age rCalculated by Boyd and Fakler from 2002 PIC USA ADFI.(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Example of declining vitamin-TM intake with advancing reproductive age高產期母豬維生素-微量元素攝

17、入量下降 Calculated by Boyd and Fakler Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量營養(yǎng)素平衡效應(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Response to micro-nutrient equ(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量營養(yǎng)素平衡效應(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Respo9.38.71.44 PSY weaned(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Average litte

18、r-size response to corrected micro-nutrient intake窩產仔數與校正微量營養(yǎng)素攝入的關系9.38.71.44 PSY weaned(AdaptedConclusions: 結論 Sow micronutrient needs should be altered to account for increasing sow weight with advancing age.母豬的微量營養(yǎng)素的需求應隨著高產期母豬體重的增長相應改變Conclusions: 結論Agenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯

19、合有機微量元素在母豬中的應用Agenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現試驗2：高量鈣磷Trial 2: Elevated Ca & P試驗1：正常鈣磷Trial 1: Normal Ca & PSupplemental Zn Intake (mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV = 248%Supplemental Zn Intake (mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV = 426%螯合微量元素在有干擾的狀況下有更高的生物學利用率MT mRNAMT mRNAY = 1.82 + 0.92X1 + 2.28X2Y = 0.41 + 0.922X1 + 3.925X2m1 vs. m2:

20、 P = 0.009m1 vs m2: P = 0.004鋅的攝入量，mgSupplemental zinc intake, mg鋅的攝入量，mgSupplemental zinc intake, mg試驗2：高量鈣磷試驗1：正常鈣磷Supplemental Z各種鋅源的生物利用率各種鋅源的生物利用率母豬微量元素的研究難度很大每十年關于豬繁殖性能的參考文獻Swine Reproductive Citations by Decade 40s50s/60s70s80s90s銅 Copper-112碘 Iodine-鐵 Iron-533-錳 Manganese-3121鋅 Zinc-312-硒 Se

21、lenium-1923母豬微量元素的研究難度很大 40s50s/60s70Benefits of Mintrex CuBetter bioavailabilityLess reactive (less oxidation)Better antibacterial function on lumenBetter performance and profits明微礦改善母豬繁殖性能Mintrex improve sow reproduction and welfareBenefits of Mintrex CuBetter b母豬試驗：材料 與方法兩個姊妹豬場，各飼養(yǎng)6400頭PIC母豬相同的生產

22、經理、相同飼料廠及日糧，小母豬來源于同一種豬場共16,000頭母豬，最高產胎數到7胎兩個處理，ITM（無機微量）對照 vs. 明微礦 兩處理相同的礦物水平礦物添加水平: Cu 16.5ppm, Zn 165ppm, Mn 38.6ppm (NRC: Cu 5ppm, Zn, 50ppm, Mn, 20ppm)明微礦處理組 明微礦:無機微量為50:50 試驗期：2007年4月-2010年4月母豬試驗：材料 與方法兩個姊妹豬場，各飼養(yǎng)6400頭PIC母改善受胎率受胎率明微礦對照組P value總受胎率86.884.50.0011胎86.483.60.0012胎84.983.90.173胎87.78

23、5.80.014胎88.985.40.001羥基蛋氨酸螯合礦物質的總產子數、活仔數及總斷奶仔豬數都更多。仔豬初生重也顯著提高。改善受胎率受胎率明微礦對照組P value總受胎率86.8提高母豬產仔數*提高母豬產仔數*改善母豬的累積繁殖性能(統計前4胎)指標明微礦對照組差異SEMP總產仔數44.1040.763.321.230.02活仔數41.6138.892.711.220.04木乃伊0.690.670.020.020.47死胎1.801.210.600.03.001總斷奶數36.3934.641.730.900.07改善母豬的累積繁殖性能(統計前4胎)指標明微礦對照組差異提高仔豬出生重分組窩

24、數仔豬出生重(kg)窩仔數平均值標準誤平均值對照組1261.250.0212.94明微礦組1351.360.0213.02P-value(2 tail test)0.0010.450.84提高仔豬出生重分組窩數仔豬窩仔數平均值標準誤平均值對照組12斷奶小豬生長性能提升(d0-42)P0.01No difference on FCR, P=0.89斷奶小豬生長性能提升(d0-42)P0.01No dif對支原體免疫反應速度更快aabb明微礦處理組：明微礦 Zn/Cu/Mn 替代一半ITMs抗體滴度低于2.8則被認為是陰性對支原體免疫反應速度更快aabb明微礦處理組：明微礦 Z降低母豬腿病發(fā)生率淘汰率(%)P-value明微礦組對照組腿病10.4316.110.001降低母豬腿病發(fā)生率淘汰率(%)P-value明微礦組對照組腿降低母豬的淘汰率存留率(%)P-value明微礦組對照組1-2 胎89.9688.680.061-3 胎82.2277.680.01