Text I a world empire by other means自己商務綜合英語王立非主編市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

1、Text I A World Empire by Other Means 第1頁A world empire by other meansDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IA World Empire by Other MeansWhat does world empire refer to? World empire refers to the British empire, the Empire on which the sun never sets.Why does the title say by other means?By other m

2、eans refers to a different way to rule the world, i.e. by means of language, in contrast to gunpowder and commerce.第2頁1. It is everywhere. Some 380 million people speak it as their first language and perhaps two-thirds as many again as their second. A billion are learning it, about a third of the wo

3、rlds population are in some sense exposed to it and by 2050, it is predicted, half the world will be more or less proficient in it. It is the language of globalisation of international business, politics and diplomacy. It is the language of computers and the Internet. 第3頁As manyDetailed ReadingWarm-

4、upBackgroundTEXT Ias manyof the same numberThere wont be as many fireworks this year. More than one hundred American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions. not as many as we had last year or previous yearswith more or less 100 Chinese insti

5、tutions第4頁proficientDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iproficient: a. (be in sth)able to do sth well or skilfullya proficient speakerMarthas proficient in Swedish.Ant. clumsy, incompetent, unskilledn. proficiency proficiency in musicCan you name some common proficiency tests in China?TEM-4, TEM-

6、8, CET-4, CET-6, TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, IELTS第5頁Organisation As many In some sense Be exposed to More or less Be proficient in Language of globalizationDiplomacy 第6頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(14).mp3第7頁它無處不在。它是約3.8億人母語，還是約占此人數(shù)三分之二人第二語言。全世界有10億人在學習它，約占世界人口三分之一人或多或少會接觸到它。預計到2050年，全世界半數(shù)人會近乎精通它。它是

7、全球化時代語言國際商務、政治和外交等活動使用它，也是計算機和互聯(lián)網通用語言。第8頁Youll see it on posters in Cte dIvoire, youll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo, youll read it in official documents in Phnom Penh. Deutsche Welle broadcasts in it. French business schools teach in it. It is the medium of expression in cabinet meetings in Bolivia

8、. Truly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way. It is now the global language. 第9頁第10頁第11頁Location map of Ivory CoastA virtual guide to Cte dIvoire (also known as Ivory Coast), a country in southern West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea (North Atlantic

9、 Ocean) situated between Ghana and Liberia. The country is bordered in north by Mali and Burkina Faso.Ivory Coast covers an area of 322,463 km, compared it is slightly smaller than Poland, or slightly larger than the U.S. state of New Mexico.Cte dIvoire has a population of 22.7 million inhabitants (

10、in ). Capital city is Yamoussoukro. Largest city and the defacto capital is Abidjan. Spoken languages are French (official); and languages of five principal language groups, the Diula (Dioula), Baule (Baoul), Dan, Anyin and Senari.第12頁第13頁第14頁第15頁Truly the tongue spoken backDetailed ReadingWarm-upBa

11、ckgroundTEXT ITruly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way.Paraphrase the sentence. Indeed, the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native people in England has developed for a long time.What does low people mean? people of the lower class, th

12、ose who were at the bottom of the society第16頁Truly the tongue spoken back 2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IWhat was the situation like in the 1300s? After the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, until about 1300, three languages stood to each other in a hierarchical relationship, with Latin a

13、t the top, followed by French, and then by English. French was the prestige language, of the aristocracy and the court, while English a low and vulgar language of everyday folk.第17頁Cte dIvoirePhnom PenhDeutsche Wellemedium of expressionCabinet Bolivia Low people Has come a long way 第18頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第

14、2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(13).mp3第19頁你能在科特迪瓦海報上看到它，能在東京流行歌曲中聽到它，還能在金邊官方文件中讀到它。德國之聲電臺用它播放節(jié)目，法國商學院用它講課，玻利維亞內閣會議用它作為交流媒介。確實，這種在14世紀英格蘭只有“下等人”才說語言取得了長足發(fā)展進步，如今已經成為世界語言。第20頁The main idea of the first paragraph:It is the language of globalisation of international business, politics and diplomacy. It is the

15、language of computers and the Internet.Lower class Global language 第21頁2How come? Not because English is easy. True, genders are simple. But the verbs tend to be irregular, the grammar bizarre and the match between spelling and pronunciation a nightmare. English is now so widely spoken in so many pl

16、aces that umpteen versions have evolved, some so peculiar that even native speakers may have trouble understanding each other. 第22頁Match between spelling and pronunciationDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Imatch: n.a corresponding pair1. Can you give an example of the odd match between spelling

17、and pronunciation?2. Pronounce the following words with -ough:cough, plough, though, thorough, drought, thought, through, toughhonour, psychology, castle, comb第23頁Gender :SexTend to do :Be inclined; Have a tendencyIrregular: Uneven; Unbalanced;Bizarre: Strange; Weird; PeculiarMatch: Equal; Equivalen

18、tNightmare:Umpteen versionsEvolve: Develop; ProgressPeculiar: Odd;Strange;UnusualHave trouble doing sth 第24頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(1).mp3第25頁為何會這么？原因不在于英語好學。誠然，英語單詞詞性簡單，不過動詞改變不規(guī)律，語法怪異，拼寫和發(fā)音之間對應簡直是噩夢。因為傳輸十分廣泛，英語衍生出眾多版本，有些獨特表示連英語為“母語”人們也難以相互了解第26頁The main idea of 2nd paragraph Come a lo

19、ng way Not easy 第27頁3As a language with many origins Romance, Germanic, Norse, Celtic and so on English was bound to be a mess. But its elasticity makes it messier, as well as stronger. When it comes to new words, English puts up few barriers to entry. Every year publishers bring out new dictionarie

20、s listing neologisms galore. The past decade, for instance, has produced not just a host of Internettery, computerese and phonebabble (browsers, downloading, texting and so on) but quantities of teenspeak (fave, fit, pants, phat, sad). All are readily received by English, however much some fogies ma

21、y resist them.第28頁But its elasticity makes it messierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IBut its elasticity makes it messier, as well as stronger.What represents the elasticity of English?It absorbs words from other languages and accepts created ones, thus a much larger vocabulary than many langu

22、ages. In its history, it accepts, both in spoken and written form, influences from other languages, religion, law and science. What does elasticity mean?flexibility, adaptability第29頁But its elasticity makes it messier 2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IHow does the elasticity of English make it

23、 messier and stronger?messier:There are many varieties of English, differences among them in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and so on, which can be very confusing sometimes.stronger:English can be used in many fields and so it becomes a lingua franca, and enjoys a dominant status.第30頁When it com

24、es toDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IWhen it comes to saving the planet, do celebrities practise what they preach?When it comes to renting or buying, youll spend about the same amount.When it comes to as regardsto is not followed by an infinitive, but a noun or noun phrase.第31頁barrierDetailed

25、 ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ibarrier: n. ( to)obstaclelanguage barrier, trade barrierto remove barriers to successset barriers to communicationSyn. obstacle, hindrance第32頁A host ofDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ia host ofa great number ofa host of billsa host of new devicesOther similar phr

26、ases: a crowd of, a swarm of, a flock of, a throng of第33頁Origin: Source:BeginningBe bound to do:Elasticity:Spring;FlexibilityMess: DisorderPut up :Erect;BuildBarrier:Obstacle;DifficultyNeologism galoreA host of InternetteryComputeresePhonebabble Teenspeak Fogy 第34頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_cl

27、ip(2).mp3第35頁英語起源甚廣，包含羅曼語、日耳曼語、挪威語、凱爾特語等等，所以它必定會雜亂無章，但正是這種靈活性在使它變得龐雜同時，也變得愈加強大。提到新詞，英語幾乎毫不阻攔地接納。每年出版商都會推出包含大量新詞新字典。比如，過往十年里不但出現(xiàn)了很多網絡用語、計算機用語、手機用語（如“瀏覽器”、“下載”、“發(fā)短信”等），還誕生了大量青少年俚語（如“贊”、“正”、“殘”、“酷”、“杯具”）。即使一些守舊者強烈反對，但這些都被英語欣然接納。第36頁Main idea of the third paragraph Mess-elasticity Fogy-resist 第37頁4.Engl

28、ish-speakers have not always been so angst-free about this laisser-faire attitude to their language. In the 18th century three writers Joseph Addison (who founded the Spectator), Daniel Defoe (who wrote Robinson Crusoe) and Jonathan Swift (Gullivers Travels) wanted to see a committee set up to regul

29、ate the language.第38頁Angst-freeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iangst-free: a.without anger or worryWord Formation -free: not containing a specified substance (often used in combination)tax-freea sugar-free soft drink第39頁Laisser-faire attitudeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ilaisser-fair

30、e attitude:laisser-faire often refers to the principles of free trade, allowing for freedom to a great degree. Here it means hardly any restriction in the use and development of English.第40頁English-speakers have not always been soDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IEnglish-speakers have not alway

31、s been so angst-free about this laisser-faire attitude to their language.Paraphrase the sentence. Some people in history, contrary to most others, took a negative attitude towards the elasticity of English.第41頁to see a committee set up to see done:to make sureYou will see the work done properly.He i

32、s always the last to go to bed to see all the doors locked.第42頁Joseph Addison (1 May 1672 17 June 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was the eldest son of The Reverend Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend, Richar

33、d Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine.第43頁Daniel Defoe was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer, and spy, most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe.第44頁Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first

34、for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patricks Cathedral, Dublin.第45頁Angst-freeLaisser-faireAttitude to Committee Set up :Regulate :Order;Standardize;Adjust第46頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(3).mp3第47頁英語母語者也并非一直對自己語言這種放任態(tài)度毫不在意。18世紀便有三位作家約瑟夫愛迪生（旁觀者周刊創(chuàng)建者）、丹尼

35、爾笛福（魯濱遜漂流記作者）以及約翰森斯威夫特（格列佛游記作者）希望建立一個委員會來規(guī)范英語。第48頁Main idea of paragraph 5 :Fogy-speaker Committee-regulate 第49頁5.Fortunately, the principles of free trade triumphed. The success or failure of a language has little to do with its inherent qualities and everything to do with the power of the people w

36、ho speak it.第50頁To have little to do withDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ito have little to do with:Other relative phrases: to have everything to do with to have much to do with to have nothing to do with 第51頁Triumph: Succeed; WinHave little to do with Inherent:Intrinsic;Innate;Inborn第52頁新世紀商務

37、英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(4).mp3第53頁所幸，自由貿易標準占了上風。一個語言成敗并不取決于它內在品質，“而全在于說這種語言人擁有多大權力?！钡?4頁The main idea No -inherent qualityBut -the power 第55頁6English moved with the times, and by the 19th century the times were such that it had spread across an empire on which the sun never set. It thus beg

38、an its rise as a global language. 第56頁Text I_ BG_2.1Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundOn hearing “The Empire on which the sun never sets, what do you think?TEXT Ipowerful, universal language, invasion 第57頁thusDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ithus: ad. in the way indicated, in this way; accordin

39、gly, thereforeUsage: Which of the following is wrong?1. We have arrived late. Thus we have to face the penalty. 2. We were not careful, thus we have to pay the fine. We were not careful. Thus we have to pay the fine.第58頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(5).mp3第59頁Thus 2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBac

40、kgroundTEXT ITranslate the following sentences.If you throw the ball thus, as Im showing you, youll have better luck hitting the target. 2. I have all the tools I need. Thus I should be able to fix the bike myself. 3. Register your phone right after purchase thus enabling us to provide you even bett

41、er service in case of questions or in case of a warranty claim. tr.tr.tr.假如你像我演示這么扔球，命中機會更大些。我有全部需要工具，所以我應該能夠自己把自行車修好。購置后請馬上登記您電話，以使我們在您有疑問或提出保修要求時能提供更加好服務。第60頁英語隨時代發(fā)展，到19世紀它已蔓延到日不落帝國各個角落，自那以后它開始成為全球語言。第61頁Main idea Empire -global 第62頁7.That could be seen not just by the use of English in Britains c

42、olonies, but also by its usefulness much farther afield. When, for instance, Germany and Japan were negotiating their alliance against America and Britain in 1940, their two foreign ministers held their discussions in English. But however accommodating English might be the real reason for the latter

43、 day triumph of English is the triumph of the English-speaking United States as a world power. Therein lies a huge source of friction.第63頁Not just by But also by Afield Alliance:Accommodating:Helpful;AcceptingFriction :Resistance;Conflict第64頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(6).mp3第65頁英語發(fā)展不但見于其在

44、英國殖民地廣泛應用，還表達在它在遙遠國度用途。比如，1940年，德國和日本協(xié)商建立反對英美同盟，這兩國外交大臣交流時使用便是英語。然而，不論英語怎樣地海納百川，它日后成功要歸功于美國這個英語國家作為世界巨頭崛起，這其中也存在造成摩擦重大原因第66頁Main Idea A field usefulnessThe power of usa Friction 第67頁8The merit of English as a global language is that it enables people of different countries to converse and do busines

45、s with each other. But languages are not only a medium of communication, which enable nation to speak unto nation. They are also repositories of culture and identity. And in many countries the all-engulfing advance of English threatens to damage or destroy much local culture. This is sometimes lamen

46、ted even in England itself, for though the language that now sweeps the world is called English, the culture carried with it is American. 第68頁All-engulfingDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iall-engulfing:all-knowing:knowing everythingall-important:of greatest importanceall-powerful:having unlimi

47、ted powerDo you know any other words combined with all?第69頁Though the language that now sweeps theDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IParaphrase the sentence. though the language that now sweeps the world is called English, the culture carried with it is American.English was spread through the po

48、wer of the British Empire, but now it is spread through the culture of a different powerful country the USA.(Actually, globalization is equivalent to Americanization to a large extent.)第70頁The merit Converse-conversationMedium of communicationRepositoryAll-engulfingLamentBe carried with 第71頁新世紀商務英語綜

49、合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(7).mp3第72頁英語成為全球通用語言，其好處于于便利各國人民相互交流、進行商務往來。然而，語言不但是國與國之間對話交流媒介，還是文化和身份寶庫。在很多國家，英語日益顯現(xiàn)出壓倒性勢頭，將要破壞或摧毀當?shù)匚幕?，有時甚至在英國也有如此令人悲嘆情景，目前橫掃世界語言叫做英語，但承載它確實是美國文化。第73頁The Merit conversebusinessRepositoryCulture Identity Damage Destroy Local culure 第74頁9.On the whole the Brits do not c

50、omplain. Some may regret the passing of the bullet-proof waistcoat (in favour of the bullet-proof vest), the arrival of hopefully at the start of every sentence, the wholesale disappearance of the perfect tense, and the mutation of the meaning of presently from soon to now. But few mind or even noti

51、ce that their old railway station has become a train station, the car park is turning into a parking lot and people now live on, not in, a street.第75頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(8).mp3第76頁英國人對此倒沒什么怨言。即使有一些人對這些詞語消亡感到遺憾，如“bullet-proof waistcoat”演變成“bullet-proof vest”（均為“防彈背心”意思）、每句話開頭都加“hope

52、fully（希望如此）”，完成時態(tài)徹底消亡，以及“presently”意思從“盡快”變成了“當前”，但幾乎沒有些人介意甚至注意到“railway station”變成了“train station”（均為“火車站”意思），“car park”變成了“parking lot”（均為“停車場”意思），“住在某條街”英文表示以前使用“l(fā)ive in”，現(xiàn)在使用“l(fā)ive on”。第77頁Main idea Attitude of BRITS NOT COMPLAIN SOMEREGRET FEW 第78頁10.Others, however, are not so relaxed. Perhaps

53、it is hardest for the French. Ever since the revolution in 1789, they have aspired to see their language achieve a sort of universal status, and by the end of the 19th century, with France established as a colonial power second only to Britain and its language accepted as the lingua franca of diplom

54、acy, they seemed to be on their way to reaching their goal. As the 20th century drew on, however, and English continued to encroach, French was driven on to the defensive.第79頁aspire: v. ( to)desire, hopeHuman beings have the power to accomplish whatever they intensely aspire to accomplish, provided

55、they adhere to the method advocated.第80頁Aspire to Second to Lingua franca On ones way to Draw on Be driven on to 第81頁As the 20th century drew onDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IAs the 20th century drew on, however, and English continued to encroach, French was driven on to the defensive.Paraph

56、rase the sentence. As the 20th century was approaching, and English kept on expanding beyond limits, French was put in a cornered position, having to fight for protection.第82頁新世紀商務英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(9).mp3第83頁說其它語種人就沒有這么泰然，其中最較真可能是法國人。1789年大革命之后，他們渴望見證自己語言取得國際地位。至19世紀末，法國成為僅次于英國殖民大國，其語

57、言亦成為外交通用語，實現(xiàn)國際地位目標似乎近在咫尺，然而，伴隨20世紀到來，英語繼續(xù)攻城略地，法語卻被迫采取守勢。第84頁11.French-speakers are far from alone. A law went into effect in Poland last year obliging all companies selling or advertising foreign products to use Polish in their advertisements, labelling and instructions. Even Germany, now the preemi

58、nent economic and political power in Europe, feels it necessary to resist the spread of Denglisch.第85頁Go into effectDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Igo into effectto become effectiveThe new tax laws wont go into effect until next year.Other uses of effect:to bring a plan into effect 使一個計劃付諸實施S

59、he disapproved of the proposal and wrote to that effect. 她不贊成此提議，并以書面形式表示此意。His silence was in effect a confirmation of the rumor. 他緘默實際上是證實了謠言。The prescribed medicine failed to take effect. 醫(yī)生開藥沒能起作用。第86頁Be far fromGo into effect Oblige to :Force;RequirePreeminent :Most excellent;Greatest;第87頁新世紀商務

60、英語綜合教程 第2冊Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(10).mp3第88頁不但法國人如此對待自己語言。去年，波蘭出臺法律，要求全部出售或宣傳外國產品企業(yè)都必須在廣告、標簽和指南中使用波蘭語。即使德國這個歐洲經濟政治強國都以為有必要抑制德式英語傳輸。第89頁12.In India some people see English as an oppressive legacy of colonialism that should be exterminated. For the Indians, the pain felt at the encroachments of Englis