Unit1LearningaLanguage市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

1、Unit 1 Learning a Language第1頁1.Warm-up QuestionsDo you think it is necessary to learn another language besides your mother tongue?How long have you been learning English? Do you think English is very difficult to learn? If possible, what other foreign languages do you want to learn? Why?Speaking fro

2、m your own experience, what effective ways would you like to suggest to help others learn English?第2頁2.Fast-readingTask one: Answer the following questions1) According to Will Pidcroft, the writer of this text, can English be mastered within a very short period of time? Does he provide any evidence

3、to support his view?No, Will Pidcroft doesnt think that English can be mastered within a short period of time. He says that in fact English is not that easy to learn; otherwise, he wouldnt be working as an English teacher any more as there would be far less demand for trained English teachers. 第3頁2)

4、 Does he support the idea that a language is best learned where it is spoken?Yes, he does. 第4頁3) What is the belief held by behaviorists in terms of language learning?Behaviorists believed that language learning is a kind of habit formation. So they are fond of making students repeat phrases and do

5、exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence. They assume that people learn things very much like parrots and chimpanzees. 第5頁4) What does Pidcroft say about ones interest in language learning?Pidcroft thinks that interest is a very important factor in language learning. No

6、 one can ever learn to speak english or any other language unless he or she is interested in it. 第6頁5) What distinguishes human beings from parrots and chimpanzees according to Pidcroft?Parrots and chimpanzees make noises that are meaningless while the speech sounds human beings make are meaningful

7、and they can relate them to their own lives. In other words, human beings use language to communicate. 第7頁Main ideas for each paragraph Para.1 Advertisement often give the false impression that learning English is easy and does not need much effort. Para.2 There is no such thing as a good method tha

8、t suits all students in every situation. 第8頁Para.3 People used to believe that the only way to learn a language was to spend a lot of time in a country where it was spoken. The other extreme is that some think that they can learn a foreign language at home relying solely on dictionaries. 第9頁Para.4 T

9、eaching methods based on the behaviorists theory may not work, as human beings are not parrots or chimpanzees. Para.5 Interests is the key to learning a language, which is a means of communication. 第10頁Para.6To learn a language well, it is important that we have other people to talk to and listen to

10、. 第11頁Task two: Finish the exercises on P101)T2)T3)F4)T5)F6)F第12頁Detailed ReadingDifficult sentences Para.1 1. There is often a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more. Who are “William Shakespeare” and “Charles Dickens”?(= Shakespeare is the worlds most popula

11、r playwright while Dickens is the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.)Why are they mentioned in the advertisements?(= The people who run the advertisements just want to use quotations to support their points.)第13頁E-C廣告還經(jīng)常提到威廉莎士比亞和查爾斯狄更斯等英語文學大師名號來增強吸引力。2. If it were as easy to learn Englis

12、h as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed.If it were as easy to learn English as they say是條件句，表示一個假設，所以主句用虛擬語氣。假如學英語真像廣告所說那么輕松，我恐怕得另謀出路了，因為不需要那么多合格英語教師了。第14頁1. personal: adj. concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular perso

13、n; private* My personal view is that the students should be doing more work outside the classroom.* When I went to her room all her personal belongings had gone.第15頁2. advertisement: n. a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service* a television/newspap

14、er advertisement for a new car* They put an advertisement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person.* The organizers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisement in The New York Times.Collocation:answer an advertisement 應廣告之聘put an advertisement in/on 在做廣告run an adve

15、rtisement 做廣告buy things from/in advertisements 購置廣告上宣傳商品第16頁3. claim:1) vt. state that sth. is true, even though it has not been proved* All parties have claimed success in yesterdays elections.* The company claims that their product “makes you thin without dieting”.戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后, 雙方均宣稱獲勝。(= After the battl

16、e both sides claimed victory.)2) n. a statement that sth. is true, even though it has not been proved* They made claims they couldnt live up to.她對這塊土地產(chǎn)權(quán)提出要求最終得到法庭認可。(= Her claim to the ownership of the land was finally recognized by the court.)第17頁4. on ones part: of or by someone* There has never b

17、een any jealousy on my part.(= 我從沒有感到忌妒。)* It was probably just a mistake on her part. 5. fluently: adv.fluent: adj. often used with in (of a person) speaking, writing, or playing a musical instrument in an easy smooth manner* The company will give priority to an applicant who is fluent in English.*

18、 He speaks fluent Spanish.第18頁6. reference: n.1) a mention of sth.* Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to weddings.他最近出書中提到了中東問題。(= His recent book makes references to the issue of the Mideast.)2) sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page num

19、ber of another place in a book* Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.3) the act of looking at sth. for information* Use the dictionary for easy reference. * Keep their price list for further reference.Collocation:a reference book參考書，工具書a reference library（不外借書）參考書閱覽室for reference 作參

20、考in/with reference to關于第19頁Para.2 3. , and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation.What are the meaning and the usage of the phrase “it is no use ”?(= 1) The phrase means “it has no effect ”.2) Whenever we use this phrase we sh

21、ould always use the V-ing form after it. More examples:* Its no use complaining.* Its no use crying over spilt milk, hes spent all the money, and theres nothing you can do about it.)Translate this part into Chinese.(= 而且也無需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個萬能適合全部學習環(huán)境教學方法。)第20頁7. efficiently: adv. efficient: adj. wo

22、rking well, quickly, and without waste* an efficient secretary(= 能干秘書)* an efficient heating system (= 高效能供暖系統(tǒng))CF: efficient & effective 這兩個形容詞都有“有效”之意。efficient指主動有效，效率高，效果好，節(jié)約精力。指人時，強調(diào)其能干、熟練技巧。effective強調(diào)產(chǎn)生實際效果、效力或含有取得預期效果能力，指人指物都適用。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the f

23、orm where necessary.1) The local government has taken some _ measures to reduce unemployment. (=effective)2) We need someone really _ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. (=efficient) 3) The citys transport system is one of the most _ in Europe. (= efficient) 4) An _ teacher will al

24、ways produce better exam results. (=effective)第21頁8. argue:1) vi. disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way我們聽到鄰居正在爭吵。(= We could hear the neighbors arguing.)* Theyre always arguing about/over money.2) v. give the reasons for ones opinion, idea, belief, etc.* The lawyers argued the case

25、for hours.* Baker argued against cutting the military budget.Collocation:argue down 駁倒* They argued him down fiercely. 他們狠狠地駁得他啞口無言。argue out 辯論清楚* The teacher and his class argued the whole matter out. 老師和學生透徹地論證了這個問題。argue the toss反對某項已成定局決定* Lets not argue the toss we have to accept his choice. 我

26、們無須爭論已經(jīng)決定事只好聽他。第22頁9. individual:1) n. a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to which they belong每一個人都有永遠不可剝奪權(quán)利。(= Every individual has rights which must never be taken away.)2) adj. single; separate* Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements. of

27、 or for one person; by or from one person* food served in individual portions (= 按一人一份供給食物)* an individual effort/contribution(= 個人努力/貢獻) 第23頁10. personality: n.1) the whole nature or character of a particular person* Everyone loves her for her cheerful personality.他是個個性很強有理想人。(= He was an ambitious

28、 man with a strong personality.)2) a famous person* personalities from the film world (= 影界名流)費德勒是網(wǎng)球界最著名人物之一。(= Roger Federer is one of the best-known personalities in the world of tennis.)第24頁CF: personality, character, nature & temper這些名詞都有“性格、氣質(zhì)、性情、習性”之意。personality主要指一個人穩(wěn)定心理特征。比如：* Though their

29、personalities differed, they got along as friends.即使他們性格迥異，但卻相處友好。character指對個性或人格所作出客觀評價，經(jīng)常與道德相關。比如：* What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 你從她書法中看出她有什么樣個性？nature指天生、不可改變性格。比如：* Its his nature to be kind to people. 他天生為人厚道。temper指從感情方面表達出來、決定處理問題方式性格或性情，這種性情能夠是暫時也能夠是長久。比如：* The gi

30、rl has a sweet temper. 那女孩性情溫婉。第25頁11. no doubt: almost certainly, very probably* We will, no doubt, discuss these issues again at the next meeting.* 想必你要在吃飯前打開行李休息一下。(= No doubt youll want to unpack and have a rest before dinner.)12. to a certain extent: to the degree specified* They are financed t

31、o a certain extent by advertising revenue.(= 他們資金在一定程度上來自廣告收入。)* I agree with what you say to a certain extent.第26頁Para.34. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 假如你認為英語中每一個詞在另一語言中都有完全對等詞

32、（或反之亦然），那就錯了。)第27頁and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation. 經(jīng)過翻譯法來給學生講解口語自然形式是不可能，更不要說做到語音、語氣地道了。第28頁Para.4If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successf

33、ul.由if引導一個非真實條件句，所以主句和從句都使用虛擬語氣，表示所提出假設與事實相反。If從句謂語動詞用were，主句謂語動詞由should/would/could/might+動詞原形組成。如：If I were you, I wouldnt lose heart. E-C假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那這些方法或許能奏效，可惜我們不是。第29頁13. have an advantage (over): have sth. that helps one to be more successful than others* Her experience meant that she had a

34、big advantage over her opponent.* People who have been to university have a big advantage when it comes to finding jobs.14. go to extremes: act too violently or behave in an extreme way他們往往持極端觀點。(= They often go to extremes in their views.)Collocation:go from one extreme to the other 從一個極端走向另一個極端be

35、driven/forced to extremes 被迫走極端* In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive. 在叢林中, 他們?yōu)榱松姹黄炔扇O端行動。in the extreme極端，極度，非常* Her manner was friendly and welcoming in the extreme. 她態(tài)度極其友好熱情。第30頁15. assume: vt. accept (sth.) as true before there is proof * 我假定他說是真。(= I assumed his st

36、ory to be true.)* The report was assumed to be valid.* I assumed that you knew each other because you went to the same school.CF: assume, presume & suppose這些動詞均含有“假設，猜測，推測”之意。assume指無依據(jù)地武斷推測或不合邏輯地推理。presume強調(diào)以過去經(jīng)驗或依據(jù)現(xiàn)實一些感覺把某事認定為是事實。suppose慣用詞，意義較廣泛，指缺乏確切事實、依據(jù)一些現(xiàn)象進行推測，也可指為論證而提出合乎邏輯推理某種假定，有時僅表示個人意見。 D

37、irections: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) Many scientists _ the new damage to the forests to be the result of higher levels of pollution. (= presumed)2) I didnt see your car, so I _ youd gone out. (= assumed)3) We have no reason to _ that the girl is dead

38、. (= suppose)第31頁16. precise: adj. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc.* It was difficult to get precise information on when the war broke out.就在我昏倒之時，他一把拉住了我。(= He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted.)NB: 注意該詞詞性改變，它副詞形式、名詞形式與反義詞分別為：precisely，precision和imprecise。17. equivalent:

39、1) n. sth. that has the same value, purpose, function, etc. as sth. else* There is no English equivalent for “bon apptit” so we have adopted the French expression. 2) adj. having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.* I had no dollars, but offered him an equivalent amount of sterling.美國國會

40、大致相當于英國議會。(= The US Congress is roughly equivalent to the British Parliament.)第32頁18. vice versa: used to state that it is also true with the main items in the preceding statement the other way round* He doesnt trust her, and vice versa.男孩可能會拒絕與女孩一起玩，女孩也一樣。(= The boys may refuse to play with the gir

41、ls, and vice versa.)19. provide: vt. give sth. to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it* Putting more police on patrol doesnt provide a real solution to the problem of increasing violence.這本小冊子提供了當?shù)馗黝惙沼杏眯畔ⅰ?= This booklet provides useful information about local servi

42、ces.)Pattern: provide sb. with vide sth. for sb.* The project is designed to provide young people with work. 旅館為客人們提供擦鞋服務。(= The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.)第33頁20. let alone: not to mention; much less* We have no hospital, let alone an isolation ward.* He hasnt enough

43、money for food, let alone amusements.21. base 1) vt. usu. pass. place or establish; provide with a base or center* Their relationship was based on/upon mutual respect.這個電影是以馬克吐溫小說為題材。(= The film is based on a novel by Mark Twain.)2) n. the lowest part of something, esp. the part on which something s

44、tands* There is a hole in the base of the tree.* There is a door at the base of the tower. a place where people in a military organization live and work* a military base (= 軍事基地) * a naval base(= 海軍基地)* an air base(= 空軍基地)第34頁CF: base, basis & foundation 這幾個名詞都有“基礎，根基”意思。base指組成或支撐某一詳細物體基礎，也可指軍事基地或用

45、作比喻意義。比如：* The lamp stands on a circular base. (= 落地燈由圓形底座支撐。)* Some of the military bases on this island were built in the 19th century.(= 這個島上一些軍事基地建于19世紀。)basis主要用作抽象或引申意義。比如：* Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy. (= 慈善待人是她人生觀基點。)foundation用于詳細意義時，指堅固堅固建筑物基礎或地基；用作比喻意義時，與basis基本相同

46、。比如：* The earthquake shook the foundations of the house. (= 地震連屋基都震動了。)* Those thoughts rocked her belief to its foundations. (= 那些想法從根本上動搖了她信念。)第35頁Para.5 5. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication.Pay attention to the usage of the word “worth”.(= When we use this expressi

47、on we should always use the V-ing form after the word “worth”, never an infinitive. More examples:The book is worth reading/Its worth reading the book. )Paraphrase the sentence.(= It is likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for us to keep in mind that language is a way to communicate.)第3

48、6頁23. means: n. a method or way (of doing)* We need to find some other means of transportation.沒有方法查明發(fā)生了什么。(= There is no means of finding out what happened.)Collocation:a means to an end 到達目標方法* For Tom, the job was simply a means to an end. (= 對湯姆來說，這個工作僅僅是他到達目標方法。)by all means 盡一切方法；一定* By all me

49、ans try the medicine if you think it will do you any good. (= 假如你認為這藥對你病有效，那務必要試試。)by no means決不* She is by no means stupid. (= 她一點也不笨。)第37頁24. communication: n. communicate: v. share or exchange information, news, or ideas* Television is an increasingly important means of communication. * Good comm

50、unication is vital in a large organization.第38頁 What they listen to and read cannot be a formula.What they listen to and read是名詞性從句，在此做主語。Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 人們所聽所讀不應該是程式化東西。)第39頁Para.6If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around

51、us who can work with us and practise the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language.此句中有兩句由if引導從句。第一句是時間狀語從句，if意思是when或者whenever。比如：if metal gets hot it expands.第二個if條件句是真實條件句，表示提出假設完全能夠成為現(xiàn)實，所以謂語動詞用陳說語氣； talking to each other about real life i

52、n real language為分詞短語作定語修飾名詞other students。E-C在學習較生疏內(nèi)容時，假如有其它學生和我們在實踐中一起學習和練習那些陌生語言形式，用真實語言去談論真實生活，那一定會受益匪淺。第40頁Useful Expressions1. 個人看法 personal opinion2. 不費什么力氣 with very little effort3. 提到 a reference to4. 哭笑不得 dont know whether to laugh or cry5. 另謀出路 look for another job6. 合格教師 a qualified teach

53、er7. 可笑噱頭a ridiculous claim8. 在情理之中 It is natural 9. 做沒用 It is no use doing 10. 這有幾分道理 This is true to a certain extent 11. 比含有很大優(yōu)勢 have a great advantage over others12. 走向另一極端 go to the opposite extreme 第41頁13. 完全對等東西 a precise equivalent 14. 反之亦然 and vice versa15. 建立在基礎上 be based on16. 行為主義心理學 beh

54、aviorist psychology17. 熱衷于 be fond of18. 我個人認為 in my personal opinion 19. 將與聯(lián)絡起來 relate to 20. 值得切記是 It is worth remembering that 21. 交際伎倆 a means of communication22. 與大同小異 be probably very similar to 23. 值得一提相關問題 a relevant point worth mentioning24. 做將可受益 It will be helpful to 第42頁Text B Words and

55、Phrasesparticularly ad. especially; in a way that is special and different from others 尤其，尤其。a. particular 尤其，個別。rid of make free of 使擺脫掉dislike a feeling of disliking(常與of或for連用)character n.(書、劇本等中)人物，角色；性質(zhì)；特征；品質(zhì)；性格；氣質(zhì)care v. 操心，焦慮，憂慮 n. 照料，照料，看護furthermore 而且，再者intelligent 智慧，悟性強，聰明steadily 平穩(wěn)地，Pr

56、ices are rising steadily. steady 穩(wěn)定，不變。solemnly ad. formally, seriously正式地，盛大地solemn a. 表情莊重，嚴厲第43頁apparently ad. It is clear that, 顯然，似乎，看來 apparent a.清楚易見或易懂，表面上。confusion 迷惑，分辨不清semester 一學期；半年astonish 使吃驚，使詫異 a glimpse of 瞥見，一瞥illustration 插圖，圖表 edition 版（次），版本adventure 冒險活動（或經(jīng)歷）dive 跳水，入水。dive

57、into 全身心投入have trouble with : have problems or difficulties with 做有困難at all costs 不惜任何代價for pleasure ：for fun，for enjoyment 為了取樂，作為消遣mean every word of it 說話算數(shù)，并非戲言clear up 徹底掃除，清理sure enough 果然，果真第44頁Keys to Exercises (I)Working with Words and Expressions2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate

58、(4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable(9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters(13) astonished (14) apparently第45頁3. (1) fond of (2) isrelated to (3) according to(4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt(7) rid of (8) cleared up (9) or else(10) at a

59、ll costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone(13) similar to (14) Its no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth第46頁(II)Increasing Your Word Power1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very3.AdverbsAdjectivesefficientlyefficientp

60、articularlyparticularfluentlyfluentquicklyquickcheaplycheapcontinuallycontinualprobablyprobableadventurously adventurousfinallyfinalsteadilysteadyslowlyslowsolemnlysolemnreallyrealapparentlyapparenttentativelytentativeexactlyexact第47頁4.No Mistakeespecial especiallynecessarily necessaryfrequent frequ