英語三大從句

1、 第十六章 非謂語動詞語法專項被動特例補語do賓語主語不定式to do 與doing的區(qū)別非謂語動詞狀語to do 定語難點補語表語動名詞分詞一.非謂語動詞的定義： 動詞不作謂語用，不定式、分詞與動名詞。to加原形不定式，詞組可做名詞、副詞、形容詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，相當于副詞和形容詞。原形加上“ing”，動詞具有名詞性?！窘虒W目標】 掌握動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成以及與疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語的基本用法。 掌握動詞不定式作賓語，賓補，狀語的用法。 掌握動名詞的基本構(gòu)成與否定形式。 掌握動名詞作賓語，賓補，狀語的用法。 1.動詞不定式構(gòu)成：一般形式to do否定形式not to do特殊疑問句式w

2、hat to dohow to do itWhy to do itWhen to do it2.動詞不定式的句法功能 功能例句說明主語To speak English is not easy for us. It is not easy for us to speak English. It takes me thirty minutes to walk to school every day.作主語用的不定式，常常用it 作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面表語My work is to clean the room every day. To clean the room every day i

3、s my work. 多數(shù)情況下， 不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語。功能例句說明賓語What sports does he like to play? He likes to play basketball. 只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。 補語 She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. 在make, let , see, hear, watch等動詞后，不定式省略to。 定語Have you got anything to eat. 不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語I am sorry to trouble

4、 you. I went to the library to study English .不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。 注意：1. 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式之后加適當?shù)慕樵~。 I need a room to live in . 2. 不定式作下列動詞的賓語。 四個希望兩答應，（hope, wish, want, would like, agree, promise）三個要求莫拒絕，( ask, require，demand， refuse) 設法學會做決定，（manage，try, learn, decide）不要假裝在選擇。

5、pretend choose 告訴命令要開始, ( tell, order, start, begin) 提供鼓勵莫遲疑。(offer, encourage) 基礎過關1.Granny often tells us water in our daily life. Asave B. saving C. to save D. saves【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 2. -We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. -Really? Will you please show me it. how

6、to use B. what to use how can I use D. what can I use 【解析】句中指怎么用，而從句又要用陳述語氣，故選A 3. His parents often encourage him hard. A. work B. working C. to work D. works 【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 He always encourages me to try my best. 他總是鼓勵我要竭盡全力。4.The boy promised_late for school again.to not be

7、B. not to be Cnot being D. being not 【解析】四個希望兩答應。promise 后都接to do 作賓語。 肯定形式是：promise to do 否定形式是：promise not to do 5. It took Li Ming an hour_his bike yesterday. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair 【解析】花費句型 it takes sb. some time to do sth. 常考句型，it is adj. for / of sb. to do sth. 兩個句型都是動

8、詞不定式作主語。 能力提高1.He made some toys_his little son. Aplease B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased【解析】 有的學生會看到 make 而選擇 A。要看后面please his little son 是使他的小兒子開心。因此是表示目的。動詞不定式做目的狀語的用法。 2.Who do you think youd like_with you, a boy or a girl?Ato let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go【解析】句意：你想讓誰跟你一起去，

9、一個男孩還是女孩。 would like to do sth. let sb. do sth. 都是固定搭配。 3.I cant help_housework at home because I am busy with my homework. A.doing B. to do C. done D. with doing 【解析】同學看到cant help doing禁不住做某事，選擇了A. 但根據(jù)句意：我在家不能幫忙做家務，因為我忙于做家庭作業(yè)。 help (to) do sth. 4. He is too old the box.A.to carry B. carrying C. car

10、ry D. carries 【解析】too to 太而不能與so that如此以至于可以互換。這兩個句型是中考常考句型。 5. Tom often makes his little sister , but yesterday he was made_by his sister.Acry, to cry B. to cry , cry C.cry, cry D. to cry, to cry【解析】 make sb. do sth. 是省略to 的不定式的固定用法。 被動語態(tài)的時候to 要加回來。He was made to cry by his sister.一感，二聽，三讓， 四看的被動，

11、let 通常不用于被動語態(tài)。 不定式作賓語補足語 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, warn ,encourage 后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語。 1.Before going to the History museum, our teacher told us the public rules. Aobey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed 【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 固定表達，答案為B2. We have two rooms , but I cant decide . A. to live ,

12、 to choose which one B. lived, choose which one C. to live in , which one to choose D. live, which one. 【解析】第一空是動詞不定式做定語，不及物動詞后的賓語不能省略。第二空是動詞不定式的特殊疑問形式是特殊疑問詞+to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。所以應該選擇C。句意是： 我有兩個房間可以住，但是我還沒有決定選擇哪一個。 3. The teacher told the students any food into the computer room. Anot to bring B. not bring C.

13、 dont bring D. bring not 【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 。 否定結(jié)構(gòu)是tell sb. not to do sth. 不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)， not to do sth. 不分家。 所以選擇A。 4. At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. A. create B. creates C. creating D. created 【解析】 QQ 和create 之間是被動關系。所以用過去分詞表示過去和完成。至少3億人正在使用QQ，他是由馬化

14、騰創(chuàng)建的網(wǎng)上聊天工具。答案是D。省略動詞不定式符號to的用法總結(jié)口訣是：一感二聽三讓四觀看五詞組。一感：feel 二聽：hear、listen to 三讓：let、have、make 四看：observe、see、watch、notice 五詞組，why not, had better, would rather, look at , would/could you please 基礎過關1. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her books in the classroom.read B. reading C. to

15、 read 解析 see sb. do sth.和see sb. doing sth.兩個表達都可以。在具體的場景中 see sb. doing sth. 表示看到某人正在做某事的瞬間。而題意說的是經(jīng)?？吹侥橙俗瞿呈拢赃x A. 2. Youd better too much time playing computer games. A. dont spend B. not to spend C. to not spend D. not spend 解析 had better do sth. 最好做某事，固定搭配。否定形式是 had better not do sth. 因此應該選擇D. 3

16、. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? It makes me very proud. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 解析 make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事，硬要某人做某事； make sth. adj. 使某物處在什么狀態(tài)。 make sth. done 讓某事被做。 4. Why dont you your teacher for help when you cant finish it by yourself. A. ask ; write, B. to as

17、k, writing C. ask, writing D. asking; write【解析】why not do sth.= why dont you do sth. 為什么不做某事呢？ 完成實踐值得忙，后面都加doing。 所以選擇C能力提高1.Youd better _ the book to others. Adont lend B. not to lend C. didnt lend D. not lend 【解析】had better do sth. had better not do sth. 最好做某事，最好不要做某事，的固定搭配。 所以答案D。 2. She is now i

18、n great trouble. Lets _ her. Ahelp B. to help C. helping D. helped 【解析】 一感feel，二聽 hear, listen to，三讓（make, let, have) 四看 see, watch, notice, observe，五詞組 why not, had better, would rather, would you please, look at 后面跟動詞原形, 所以選擇A. 3. My mother made me _ the piano when I was very young. Now, I begin t

19、o understand her. AplayB. to playC. playing D. plays【解析】 三個讓，let, have, make sb. do sth. 所以答案為A。4. What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? I would rather at home than football. It is too hot outside. Astay, playing B. stay, play C. to stay, to play D. to stay, playing【解析】would rather do sth

20、. than do sth.寧可也不 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧可也不 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 也表示寧可也不。三種表達方式所接的非謂語形式不同?？梢曰ハ噢D(zhuǎn)化。本題答案為B 5. When I passed the window, I saw some boys TV.AWatched B. watch C. watching D. watches【解析】 see sb. do sth, 和see sb. doing sth. 兩個表達從語法上都對，那么我們就要看語境。當我走過窗戶的時候，我看到有些男孩

21、正在看電視。所以選擇C動名詞 功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.謂語動詞用單數(shù)表語His hobby is collecting stamps.多數(shù)情況下， 動名詞作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為做主語。賓語動詞的賓語I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的習慣或抽象的行為或經(jīng)常的動作。介詞的賓語Stamps are used for sending letters.定語She is in the reading room.We should improve our teaching methods.只表示它

22、所修飾的詞的用途，所屬關系等，用在所修飾的詞之前動名詞的常見用法 1.表示在室內(nèi)完成的動作行為，常用 “ do + some/any/the + v-ing 結(jié)構(gòu).這類詞組有: do some cooking /cleaning/ reading/ speaking/ sewing/ shopping/washing做飯/ 掃除/ 讀書/ 說話/做針線活/ 買東西/ 洗衣服. 2.表示在室外完成的動作行為, 通常用 “go + v.-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)。 常見的詞組有： go fishing/ swimming/skating/climbing/walking/dancing/shopping去釣魚

23、/ 游泳/ 滑冰/爬山/散步/ 跳舞/購物. 3.在enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, be worth, have fun, have trouble/problem(in), spend, feel like, be used to等。 及 practice 等動詞的后面， 不能接不定式，而是接v.-ing 形式. 我們可以按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞： 完成實踐值得忙（ finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習慣別放棄 ( keep on, be used to, give up) 考慮建議不禁想 ( consider,

24、suggest, cant help, feel like) 喜歡思念要介意 ( enjoy, miss, mind) 基礎過關1、 When shall we take a walk? After I finish the dishes.A. wash, B. washing C. washed D. to wash.【解析】我們什么時候散步，等我洗完盤子。 Finish doing是固定搭配。我們的口訣是完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 2. Have you ever seen the TV play My ugly Mother?

25、 Yes, its well worth_. Its_ moving that Ive seen it twice. A. seeing, too, B. to see, enough C. seeing, so D. to see, such 解析 完成實踐值得忙 。be worth doing sth. 值得做某事。 so + adj, adv+ that Such + n. + that 如此 以至于3.Peter is busy at school, but he never forgets exercise every day.A. working; doing B. working

26、, to do C. at wok, doing D. to work, doing 解析 忙于做某事，be busy doing sth. 固定用法。forget to do 忘記去做某事。Forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事。Peter 忙于學習，但是他從沒忘記每天去做運動。 4. He saw a little boy on the truck when he got off the car.A.played B. to play C. playing D. is playing 解析 一感，二聽，四看可跟doing. How /what about doing sth. f

27、eel like doing sth, give up doing sth. 這些詞和詞組后面跟doing. See sb. do sth. 是看到了動作的全過程。See sb. doing sth. 只看到了一個片斷。When he got off the car. 是一個時間點，所以看到的是片斷 。 答案為C .5. we make it half past seven? What about it a little earlier.A.Shall, making B. Shall, to make C. Will, making D. will ; to make 【解析】what ab

28、out doing sth. 做事怎么樣。選擇A 能力提高1、 good care of the vegetables can make them grow better. A. Taking B. take C. Took D. takes 【解析】動名詞和動詞不定式可以作主語。動詞原形不能做主語。很多學生在做題的時候會犯這種錯誤。動名詞和動詞不定式作主語時，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)。 所以選擇A。 2、“we cant go out in this weather.” said Bob. out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D.

29、Having looked 【解析】 動名詞可以做伴隨狀語。因此選擇A。 方法規(guī)律有些動詞或詞組后接動名詞或動詞不定式均可，但意義稍有差別 stop to do 停下來做某事（重點在于：開始做某事）stop doing 停止做某事remember to do 記住要做某事remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（未發(fā)生）forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事（已發(fā)生）try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 試著做某事go on to do sth.開始做一件新事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)不停

30、地做某事allow doing sth. 允許做某事allow to do sth. 允許某人做某事 【記憶口訣】想要忘記forget 卻又不得不記起remember 。想要停下stop 來卻又偏偏繼續(xù)go on 。不允許allow自己沉淪要努力try忘記你基礎提高1.- Dont forget my parents when you are in Beijing. OK!, I wont. Ato see B. sees C. seeing 【解析】forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事。所以選擇A2. Mr. Brown asked us to stop , and we sto

31、pped him at once. Atalking, to listen B. to talk , to listen C. talking, listening D. to talk ; listen 【解析】布朗先生要求我們停止說話，我們停下來開始聽他說話。Stop doing sth. 停止做某事. Stop to do sth. 重點在于開始做新的事情。 3. Mary dances best in our school. I agree. will never forget her dance for the first time. Aseeing B. to see C. see

32、 D. seen 【解析】 forget doing 表示忘掉做過的事。 句意是：Mary 在我們學校跳舞最好。同意，我將永遠也忘不了第一次看她跳舞的場景。答案為A 4. Dad ，why should I stop _ computer games? For your health. My boy, I am afraid you . A.to play , must B. playing, have to Ato play, can D. playing , may 【解析】 stop doing sth. 停止做某事。Stop to do sth. 重點是開始做某事。Have to 表示

33、不得不。所以選擇B。 能力提高1. The light in the classroom is still on. Oh, I forgot . Aturning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turning off it【解析】 句意： 教室的燈還開著。噢，我忘了關燈了。 應該表示忘記去做某事。forget to do sth. forget doing sth. 表示做過了自己卻忘了。結(jié)果應該是燈關了。 答案為C 2. Mother made the baby and laughed. Astopped crying B. to st

34、op to cry C. stop crying D. stop to cry 【解析】 make sb. do sth. 固定搭配。 stop crying表示停止哭泣。Stop to cry 表示開始哭。 所以答案應該是C 。3. Jane said she sending e-mails letters. Apreferred ; to writing B. preferred; to write C. prefers, writing D. prefers, to writing. 【解析】 prefer doing to doing . 與其寧可的固定搭配。 句子中包含賓語從句，主句

35、是過去時，從句應是相應的過去時。因此選擇A 4. Do you remember me ? Yes, I remembered you at the gate of the university on the first day . A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. saw 【 解析】remember doing sth.記得做過某事。Remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事。答案為C 第十八章 賓語從句引導詞定 義語 序構(gòu) 成賓語從句時 態(tài)規(guī)律總結(jié)【教學目標】 熟練掌握賓語從句的構(gòu)成和基本用法。一.賓語從句定義 在句子中起HYPERLINK /vie

36、w/139.htm賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。 賓語從句分為三類： 動詞的賓語從句； Tom said that he was reading a book.介詞的賓語從句； The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 形容詞的賓語從句。 He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. that 從句為陳述句 If/whether 從句為一般疑問句 特殊疑問詞 從句為特殊疑問句 公式 從句為祈使句 二、賓語從句的構(gòu)成引

37、導詞賓語從句陳述語序（主語+謂語） 語 序主語為現(xiàn)在時從句任意 主語為過去時從句為相應過去 主句任意從句一般現(xiàn)在（客觀真理）時 態(tài)賓語從句須注意，幾點事項應牢記。一是關鍵引導詞，不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否（if，whether）替；特殊問句更好辦，引導還用疑問詞。二是時態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)應看意；主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序。1.引導詞 1.1 當陳述句做賓語時，引導詞為thate.g. 1. He told me, “I have been to Paris once ”. He told me that

38、he had been to Paris once. 2. He says, “Tom will go to BeiJing tomorrow ”. He says that Tom will go to Beijing tomorrow. 1.2 一般疑問句變成由if 或whether引導的賓語從句 e.g. 1.She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ” She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. 2.“Will they go to visit

39、the Great Wall?” Do you know. Do you know if (whether) they will go to visit the Great Wall. 1.3 特殊疑問句變成特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句 e.g. 1. When will Mr. Li come back? Do you know? Do you know when Mr. Li will come back .2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked how they could get to the post-offi

40、ce.1.4 祈使句按照tell/ask/order sb (not)to do sth 的公式完成。 e.g 1. our teacher tells us, “Dont read in the sun，because it is bad for your eyes.” Our teacher tells us not to read in the sun because it is bad for our eyes. 2. “Dont be late again.” my mother asks me. My mother asks me not to be late again. 2.

41、語序：賓語從句為陳述句語序（連詞后為主謂語序。 I think (that) I can sell newspapers. 連 主 謂語 Could you tell me if he can come? 連 主 謂 I dont know what he is thinking about. 連 主 謂 注意： 需要特別注意的是以下五個句型。 whats wrong with you? whats the matter with you? whose bike is it? whats in the desk? how old/many,much,;long 等疑問詞不能分開。 3.時態(tài) 3

42、.1 主句是現(xiàn)在，從句任意。I want to know , “ when did you come to China?”I want to know when you came to China. 從句一般過去 I want to know，“ How long have you stayed here?I want to know how long you have stayed here. 從句現(xiàn)在完成I want to know， “When will you go back?”I want to know when you will go back. 從句一般將來3.2 主語過去從句

43、相應過去主語直接引語間接引語過去一般現(xiàn)在一般過去時一般過去時過去完成一般將來過去將來現(xiàn)在完成過去完成現(xiàn)在進行過去進行I wanted to know , “ When did you come to China?”I wanted to know when you had come to China. 從句過去完成時I wanted to know, “ How long have you stayed here?”I wanted to know how long you had stayed here. 從句過去完成I wanted to know, When will you go ba

44、ck?”I wanted to know when you would go back. 從句過去將來3.3 無論主句是什么時態(tài)，從句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，內(nèi)容為客觀真理。Columbia proved the earth is around.主句過去 一般現(xiàn)在時Our physics teacher told us light travels faster than sound. 主句過去 一般現(xiàn)在時Our geography teacher says the moon moves around the earth. 主句現(xiàn)在 一般現(xiàn)在時基礎過關1. Can you tell me _ your pa

45、rents at home? I often wash clothes and sweep the floorAhow will you help Bhow you help Chow you will help Dhow do you help【解析】答案為B。本題考查的是賓語從句。賓語從句主要從時態(tài)、語序、引導詞三方面考查。本題考查了語序和時態(tài)。賓語從句的語序要用陳述語序，故排除A、D，根據(jù)答語“我經(jīng)常洗衣服和掃地，”可以知道用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，用一般現(xiàn)在時提問，故選擇B。 2. Our teacher told us the sun _ in the eastArise Brose Cri

46、sing Drises【解析】答案為D。本題考查的是賓語從句的時態(tài)。當從句表達的是客觀事實或真理，即使主句是一般過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時表達。又因為從句主語“the sun”是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞要用單三形式，故選D。3. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder_Ahow much it cost Bhow much did it costChow much it costs Dhow much does it cost【解析】答案為C。本題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語從句的語序要用陳述語序來判斷，排除B、D。根據(jù)題干用的是一般現(xiàn)在

47、時，賓語從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的主語是“it”，動詞要用單三形式，故選C。 4. I want to know the day before yesterday. Awhat you do B. what do you do C. what you did D. what did you do【解析】答案為C。本題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語從句的語序要用陳述語序來判斷，排除B、D。根據(jù)題干用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)，因為有yesterday所以用過去式故選C。 5. Mr. Smith gave a talk at No. 5 Middle School l

48、ast week. Do you know _? Awhat did he talk aboutB. what does he talk about C. what he talks about D. what he talked about 【解析】答案D。本題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語從句的語序要用陳述語序來判斷，排除A，B。根據(jù)題干用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句任意，第一句話中l(wèi)ast week 故選D。 1.she says. Shell see a film. She says_ she _ _a film.【解析】賓語從句三要素：引導詞，語序和時態(tài)。 因為句子為陳述句引導詞

49、為that. 主語為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句任意，原來是將來時，現(xiàn)在還用將來時。根據(jù)陳述語序。所以答案是：that , will see2.Did Peter come here yesterday? LiLei wants to know. LiLei wants to know _Peter _【解析】轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句的句子為一般疑問句，所以引導詞為if或whether，主語為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句該用過去時還用過去時。所以答案為if/whether came here yesterday. 3.Where does she live? Mr Hu asked. Mr Hu asked _ _ _【解析】

50、轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句的句子為特殊疑問句，引導詞為特殊疑問詞where. 主語為過去時，從句也用相應的過去時，原來為一般現(xiàn)在變成一般過去。用陳述語序。所以答案為where she lived. 4.The teacher told us. Dont play on the street.The teacher told us_ _ _ on the street.【解析】轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句的句子為祈使句，所以我們要套公式，tell sb. not to do sth. 所以答案為 not to play 5.Our geography teacher told us . The earth goes ar

51、ound the sun.Our geography teacher told us_ the earth _ around the sun. 【解析】轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句的句子是客觀真理。所以不論主句的時態(tài)從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。又是陳述句所以引導詞為that.答案為that goes能力提高1. Do you know when the teacher back next week? Awill come B. comes C. come D. would come 【解析】本題考查的賓語從句的時態(tài)。主語為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句有將來的時間狀語。next week. 所以選擇A。 有的同學會說，when

52、 引導的時間狀語從句不是用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來嗎？說的很好，在時間狀語從句中是這樣，在賓語從句中則不同。 2. Sam，do you know if Alice _ to my party next week? I think she will come if she _ freeAcomes；is Bcomes；will be Cwill come；is Dwill come；will be【解析】答案為C。本題考查的是if引導賓語從句和條件狀語從句的時態(tài)用法。問句中的“if”引導的是賓語從句，主語用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)要根據(jù)實際情況而定，根據(jù)時間狀語“next week”可以判斷用一般將

53、來時，排除A、B；答語中的“if”引導的是時間狀語從句，主句用的是一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選C。3. The doctor asked ? AWhats wrong with you B. what was wrong with you C. what wrong is with you D. what you were wrong with 【解析】首先主句用過去時，從句要用相應的過去時。排除AC . 語序。有四個特殊的。其中有whats wrong with you. 所以這個語序不變，應該選擇B 4. Do you know _ they listened to yesterd

54、ay evening? A. what B when C why D how 解析本題考查的是賓語從句的引導詞 ，引導詞有疑問代詞 what， which， whose 和疑問副詞 when, why where, how ，其區(qū)別是看后面的句子缺少什么成分。They listened to 缺少賓語成分。所以只能選擇疑問代詞，答案為A 5. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do. Ahow B. after C. what D. when 解析很多考生會選擇after，事實上從 句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空缺處應填引導賓語從句的引導詞，做

55、動詞不定式to do 的賓語。 因此應該選擇what. 答案為C 規(guī)律總結(jié)引導賓語從句時if ,whether 的區(qū)別： 1. or not放在whether之后時，只能用whether不用if。I dont know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是回來。注1：如果or not放在whether所引導的從句句尾，則可以用if來替換。I dont know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是不是回來。2 在強調(diào)任意選擇時,用whetheror,此時不用if替換whether。He asked me whether

56、 I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他問我是想乘火車還是坐公共汽車去那里。注：whether和or一起還有“不管”之意,引導讓步狀語從句。Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.不管開車來還是乘火車來，他都會準時到。3 把賓語從句放在句首，只用whether不用if。Whether he will come I am not sure他是不是來我拿不準。4 從句作介詞賓語時只用whether不用if。It depends on whether it will be

57、fine.那得看是不是晴天。5 作discuss等動詞的賓語時，用whether不用if。We discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論是不是該關掉商店。6 句子中有if引導的條件句，如再有表示“是否”的賓語從句，用whether不用if。He asked me whether Id move to New York if I got the job.他問我如果我得到那份工作是否會搬家到紐約。7 容易產(chǎn)生歧義時用whether不用if來表示“是否”。 Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要幫助請

58、告訴我?；颍赫埜嬖V我你是否需要幫助。 對比：Please let me know whether you need help.請告訴我你是否需要幫助。 8 如果賓語從句為否定句時，則只用if不用whether。I dont know if it wont rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是不是會下雨。賓語從句中的that 一般可以省略，下面情況除外。 1.當that作learn, suggest, explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時; Both candidates agree that the biggest

59、local concern is unemployment.2. 當賓語從句較長時; 3. 當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略; Its depressing to think (that) life is purposeless and that evaluation has no higher destination. 4. 當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時; He told me that he would go abroad to study after graduate from middle school. 5.當賓語從句有

60、it做其先行詞時; They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.6. 當動詞和that 之間有插入語或者主句的狀語時， that 不可省略。 The boss said, pleasantly and sternly, that our thinks was too slow to suit the needs of the modern society. 7.當that從句用作in, but, expect 等賓語時，that 不可省略。 The book is unsatisfactory in