ML技術(shù)在企業(yè)間商業(yè)電子化的探討( 頁)

1、XML技術(shù)在企業(yè)間商業(yè)電子化的探討Ching-Long Yeh 葉慶隆Department of Computer Science and EngineeringTatung Universitychingyeh.tw (msn).tw/chingyeh1XML & EBContentsWWW and its extensionsXML and ProtocolWeb Service ArchitectureEBSWElectronic Business ArchitectureRosettaNet2XML & EBWWW and Its ExtensionWWWHTML, HTTPMainl

2、y man-machine interactionElectronic Business (EB)Common Business Processes Standard messages in XMLAP-2-AP interactionMeta-model: ebXMLSemantic Web ServicesRDFOntology: OWLWeb Services automation Discovery, invocation, composition, monitoring3XML & EBInformationPoolWWWHTTP (Hyper Text Transport Prot

3、ocol)HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)URL (Uniform Resource Locator)Web serverApplicationClientHTTPURLHTML DocumentHuman-to-machine interactionSearch engine4XML & EBInformationPoolInteractions Using XMLXML (eXtensible Markup Language)SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)SOAP serverApplicationHTTPXML

4、DocumentMachine-to-machine interaction Service automationSOAP serverApplicationInformationPoolXML Document5XML & EBWeb Services ArchitectureA Service Oriented Architecture6XML & EBAn Inroduction to XML7XML & EB文件的結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容、及格式文件的結(jié)構(gòu)是指文件組成成分組合的方式如一篇文章的章節(jié)段落請購單的欄位資料腳踏車組合手冊的簡介、組合程序、零件表、故障排除、索引等文件的內(nèi)容是指文件內(nèi)實際的資

5、料如腳踏車組合手冊的文字、圖表等文件的格式是指將文件組成成分以一種視覺效果呈現(xiàn)給讀者如黑體字、斜體字、內(nèi)縮、段落加寬、表格等文件結(jié)構(gòu)和文件格式容易混淆8XML & EBPRODUCT ADVISORYNumber: 146Type: PartsDate: 8/15/95Subject: Revised Replacement Parts .Model 501 User Replaceable PartsThe parts list identified in the AnyCorp Model 501 .New Parts List 1. 345-234 (Filter, cooling fa

6、n)2. 148-745 (Fuse, power: 1.5amp)3 .Product AdvisoryNumber: 146Type: PartsDate: 8/15/95Revised:Subject: Revised Replacement .Model 501 User-Replaceable PartsThe parts list identified in the .New Parts List1. 345-234 (Filter, cooling fan)2. 148-745 (Fuse, power: 1.5amp)3. .文件的結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容、及格式9XML & EB文件的結(jié)構(gòu)

7、、內(nèi)容、及格式MS Word著重文件格式之處理以格式功能將文件結(jié)構(gòu)以視覺效果呈現(xiàn)給讀者人讀的懂，但電腦不易得知文件的內(nèi)容HTML文件係將格式以標(biāo)記形式安插在文件中，加上Internet功能利用瀏覽器以視覺效果呈現(xiàn)給讀者，方便在網(wǎng)路上航行其呈現(xiàn)效果與Word文件類似XML是一種標(biāo)記語言。XML文件中的標(biāo)記是用來表示文件中的結(jié)構(gòu)資訊10XML & EB11XML & EB12XML & EBHTML 與 XML的比較HTMLSGML在Internet上的應(yīng)用一種資料呈現(xiàn)的技術(shù)不具擴充性的標(biāo)記XMLSGML的精簡版+Internet功能表現(xiàn)文件內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)可依所需自訂標(biāo)記(meta-language)

8、13XML & EB為什麼使用XMLXML可以表現(xiàn)文件內(nèi)豐富的結(jié)構(gòu)資訊，有利於網(wǎng)路上的應(yīng)用HTML受制於固定的標(biāo)記，無法表達(dá)各式各樣的結(jié)構(gòu)SGML可以表達(dá)各式各樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，但太複雜，製作成本高，不實用14XML & EBXML小歷史1996年在西雅圖的集會中， SGML專家探討如何結(jié)合SGML與webSun Microsystems的Jon Bosak領(lǐng)導(dǎo)朝兩個方向討論以 HTML作為資訊格式的不足之處SGML作為web應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的缺失“SGML on web” activity, 07/1996開始調(diào)適SGML成為合適於web10/02/1998 XML 1.0誕生15XML & EBXML的目

9、標(biāo)便於在Internet上使用支援各種應(yīng)用與SGML相容易於寫程式處理XML文件降低選擇性的特徵(features)人讀的懂XML的設(shè)計要迅速XML的設(shè)計要清楚和正規(guī)(formal)XML文件製作容易簡潔性並非重要考慮因素16XML & EBXML應(yīng)用Electronic commerceElectronic data interchange (EDI)Fine-grain content publishingInternet search enginesDistributed application designetc.17XML & EB18XML & EBXML Fundamentals

10、Source: /xml/slides/sd2001east/fundamentals/XML_Fundamentals.html19XML & EBWhat is XML?Extensible Markup LanguageA syntax for documents A Meta-Markup LanguageA Structural and Semantic language, not a formatting languageNot just for Web pages20XML & EBExtensible Markup LanguageLanguage It has a gramm

11、arIt has a vocabulary (sort of)It can be parsed by machinesMarkup LanguageIt says what things are; not what they doIt is not a programming languageIt is not compiledExtensible You can add words to the language21XML & EBXML is a Meta Markup LanguageNot like HTML, troff, LaTeXMake up the tags you need

12、 as you need themThe tags you create can be documented in a Document Type Definition (DTD)A meta syntax for domain-specific markup languages like MusicML, MathML, and XHTML22XML & EBXML ApplicationsA specific markup language that uses the XML meta-syntax is called an XML applicationDifferent XML app

13、lications have their own more constricted syntaxes and vocabularies within the broader XML syntaxFurther syntax can be layered on top of this; e.g. data typing through schemas23XML & EBXML describes structure and semantics, not formattingXML documents form a treeDocument Object Model (DOM)Element an

14、d attribute names reflect the kind of the elementDTD, SchemaFormatting can be added with a style sheetCascading Style Sheets (CSS)Extensible Stylesheet language (XSL)24XML & EBXML HypertextA Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) names or locates a resource An XLink defines connections between two or mor

15、e documents identified by URIsXPath identifies particular nodes within a documentAn XPointer adds an XPath to a URIXBase defines the URI against which relative URIs are resolved XInclude embeds a document identified by a URI inside an XML document. 25XML & EBA Song Description in HTMLHot Cop by Jacq

16、ues Morali, Henri Belolo, and Victor WillisProducer: Jacques MoraliPublisher: PolyGram RecordsLength: 6:20Written: 1978Artist: Village People26XML & EBA Song Description in XML Hot Cop Jacques Morali Henri Belolo Victor Willis Jacques Morali PolyGram Records 6:20 1978 Village People27XML & EBStyle S

17、heets Provide Formatting(CSS)SONG display: block; font-family: New York, Times New Roman, serifTITLE display: block; font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: Helvetica, sansCOMPOSER display: blockPRODUCER display: blockYEAR display: blockPUBLISHER display: blockLENGTH display: blockARTIST di

18、splay: block; font-style: italic28XML & EBAttaching Style Sheets to Documents Hot Cop Jacques Morali Henri Belolo Victor Willis Jacques Morali PolyGram Records 6:20 1978 Village People29XML & EBAn XSLT Stylesheet (Part 1) Song 30XML & EBAn XSLT Stylesheet (Part 2) by the Length: Producer: Publisher:

19、 Year: Composer: 31XML & EBTransforming the Document Song Hot Cop by the Village People Length: 6:20 Producer: Jacques Morali Publisher: PolyGram Records Year: 1978 Composer: Jacques Morali Composer: Henri Belolo Composer: Victor Willis XSLT Processor(IE 5)XSL document(template rules)XML documentOut

20、put32XML & EBA DTD for Songs33XML & EBWell-formednessRules:Open and close all tagsEmpty tags end with /There is a unique root elementElements may not overlapAttribute values are quoted and & are only used to start tags and entitiesOnly the five predefined entity references are usedPlus more.34XML &

21、EBValidityTo be valid an XML document must beWell-formedMust have a Document Type Definition (DTD)Must comply with the constraints specified in the DTD35XML & EBXML NamespacesXML namespaces are akin to namespaces, packages, and modules in programming languagesDisambiguation of tag and attribute name

22、s from different XML applications (“spaces”) through different prefixesA prefix is separated from the local name by a “:”, obtaining prefix:name tagsNamespaces constitute a layer on top of XML 1.0, since prefix:name is again a valid tag name and namespace bindings are ignored by some tools36XML & EB

23、Namespace BindingsPrefixes are bound to namespace URIs by attaching an xmlns:prefix attribute to the prefixed element or one of its ancestors, prefix:name1 ,., prefix:namenThe value of the xmlns:prefix attribute is a URI, which may or (unlike for DTDs!) may not point to a description of the namespac

24、es syntaxAn element can use bindings for multiple name-spaces via attributes xmlns:prefix1 ,., xmlns:prefixm 37XML & EBTwo-Namespace Example: Snail-Mail and Telecoms Address Parts Xaver M. Linde Wikingerufer 7 10555 Berlin 12.50 030/1234567 030/1234568 030/1234569 76.20bill disambiguation through ma

25、il and tele prefixes 38XML & EBXML Protocol: SOAP39XML & EB SterlingVommerce SmallCo Purchase Order bbc006751 Small Co Enterprise 123456789-0456 John Adams 214-340-1234 A SOAP Message40XML & EBElectronic BusinessMessage servicesBusiness processesCompany ACompany BMessage servicesBusiness processesER

26、PERP41XML & EBSemantic WebThe Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. - Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001 If HTML and th

27、e Web made all the online documents look like one huge book, RDF, schema, and inference languages will make all the data in the world look like one huge database.- Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 42XML & EBSemantic WebFrom a Web of Documents . . toward a Web of data and programs that is: Mean

28、ingful on Everything for Everyone . and Interoperable, Safe, Evolvable 43XML & EBThe Big Picture of SW44XML & EBThe Metadata Layer of the Semantic Web45XML & EBElectronic Business Architectures 46XML & EB前言電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展從提供型錄式資訊服務(wù)的電子商店(B2C)，演進(jìn)到企業(yè)間(B2B)商業(yè)處理自動化。企業(yè)間商業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)應(yīng)運而生，RosettaNet、ebXML。Message services

29、Business processesCompany ACompany BMessage servicesBusiness processesERPERP47XML & EB不用網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路的商業(yè)情節(jié)郵遞系統(tǒng)Company ACompany B傳真 電話Company ACompany B48XML & EB以瀏覽器為基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)間電子商務(wù)Web serverCompany AERPCompany B顧客端49XML & EB程式對程式交談的企業(yè)間電子商務(wù)Message ServicesBusiness processesCompany ACompany BMessage ServicesBusine

30、ss processesERPERP50XML & EB企業(yè)間電子商務(wù)概念圖51XML & EBB2B EC 演進(jìn)EDIBusiness process and document integration52XML & EBB2B EC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)商業(yè)處理層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)商業(yè)流程及商業(yè)文件訊息服務(wù)層提供安全、可靠的溝通管道，以實現(xiàn)上層的商業(yè)交談商業(yè)處理層訊息服務(wù)層B2B EC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水平整合: ebXML產(chǎn)業(yè)垂直整合: RosettaNet (資訊技術(shù)、電子零組件、及半導(dǎo)體製造業(yè))53XML & EBThe ebXML Framework at Work54XML & EBPhases in the

31、Use of the ebXML FrameworkThe implementation phase55XML & EBPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkThe discovery phase56XML & EBPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkThe runtime phase57XML & EBComponents of the ebXML FrameworkDefining how public business-process must be described using the ebXML

32、BPSS standard.Defining the semantics of business documents that are exchanged in public processes using ebXMLs Core Component (ebCC) standard.Definition of services and the constraints in using the services using Collaboration Protocol Profile (CPP) defined in the ebXML CPPA standard.Description of

33、the mutual agreement between the business partners Collaboration Protocol Agreement (CPA) to carry out the public business process. The schema for a CPA is also defined by ebXML CPPA standard.Protocols for registering, storing, and retrieving public business processes and associated business documen

34、ts, and CPPs using the ebXML Registry standard.A standard way to send and receive messages between business partners, as defined in the ebXML Message specification.58XML & EBRosettaNet59XML & EBBackgroundRosettaNet A non-profit consortiumMore than 500 members Founded in February 1998, including Comp

35、uter and Consumer Electronics (CCE), Electronic Components (EC), Semiconductor Manufacturing (SM)Telecommunications (TC) industriesthe Logistics (LG) and Solution Provider (SP) communities Open e-business standards and servicesBreaking language barriers and establishing a global language for e-busin

36、essCompanies can realize the full potential of the digital economy,highly effective trading networks, operational efficiencies and new business opportunities60XML & EBRosettaNet的技術(shù)概念Trading Partner備妥內(nèi)容放入信封送出交易夥伴(A公司)Trading Partner收文解開信封處理內(nèi)容交易夥伴(B公司)61XML & EBRosettaNet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容為何RosettaNet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是集合高科技公司的專業(yè)知

37、識，共創(chuàng)而成的非獨占性的電子商務(wù)方案，其內(nèi)容包括商業(yè)訊息及程序規(guī)範(fàn)RosettaNet Partner Interface Processes(PIPs)商業(yè)及技術(shù)字典 RosettaNet Business Dictionary、RosettaNet Technical Dictionary下層技術(shù)服務(wù)架構(gòu)RosettaNet Implementation Framework (RNIF) 以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)範(fàn)可由取得62XML & EB技術(shù)構(gòu)件PIP整合式的商業(yè)程序，其中規(guī)範(fàn)了商業(yè)文件的結(jié)構(gòu)及格式參與商業(yè)活動的交易夥伴的活動、決策、及角色扮演63XML & EB技術(shù)構(gòu)件PIP分類方式是依照高階商業(yè)

38、功能(cluster)及次功能(segment)而訂Cluster 3: Order ManagementSegment A : Quote and Order EntrySegment C : Returns and FinanceSegment B : Transportation and DistributionPIP 3A1 - Provide QuotePIP 3A2 - Query Price and AvailabilityPIP 3A3 - Transfer Shopping CartPIP 3A4 - Manage Purchase OrderPIP 3A5 - Query

39、Order StatusPIP 3A6 - Distribute Order Status64XML & EBPIP ClassificationClustersCluster 0: RosettaNet Support Cluster 1: Partner Product and Service Review Cluster 2: Product Information Cluster 3: Order Management Cluster 4: Inventory Management Cluster 5: Marketing Information Management Cluster

40、6: Service and Support Cluster 7: Manufacturing 65XML & EBPIP 2A2 Query Product Information Business Process Model66XML & EBPIP 3A4 Request Purchase Order Business Process Model67XML & EB技術(shù)構(gòu)件PIPPIP規(guī)範(fàn)是可供下載的.zip檔放在rosettanet網(wǎng)站，內(nèi)容包括規(guī)格書(.doc) + 勘誤表XML DTD說明商業(yè)文件的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容訊息使用說明編碼、定義、訊息出現(xiàn)次數(shù)68XML & EB技術(shù)構(gòu)件PIP規(guī)範(fàn)是

41、遵循Open-EDI Reference Model (ISO/IEC 14662)的概念制定而成，包括商業(yè)運作觀點(Business Operational View, BOV)以商業(yè)角度看待商業(yè)交易功能服務(wù)觀點(Functional Service View, FSV)以技術(shù)角度看待商業(yè)交易製作架構(gòu)觀點(Implementation Framework View, IFV)RosettaNet下層技術(shù)服務(wù)製作的架構(gòu)69XML & EBPIP BOV70XML & EBTable 3-3: Business Activity Performance ControlsActivity Name

42、Acknowledgmentof ReceiptTime to Acknowledge AcceptanceTime to PerformRetry CountIs Authorization Required?Non-Repudiation of Origin and Content?Non-Repudiation Required?Time to AcknowledgeBuyerCreate Purchase OrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYBuyerCancel Purchase OrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYBuyerRevise Purchase OrderY2hr

43、24hr24hr3YYRole NamePIPTM3A4 在BOV下的程序控制71XML & EB :Buyer 1. request(:PurchaseOrderRequestAction)1.1. signal(:ReceiptAcknowledgement)2. response(:PurchaseOrderAcceptanceAction)2.1. signal(:ReceiptAcknowledgement) :SellerPurchase Order Request DialogPIPTM3A4 FSV下的商業(yè)交易對話72XML & EBPurchase Order Request

44、 DialogTable 51: Business Message and Communications Specification#Business Message GuidelineDigital Signature Required?SSL Required?1. Purchase Order Request GuidelineYY1.1 Receipt Acknowledgement GuidelineYY2.Purchase Order Acceptance GuidelineYY2.1Receipt Acknowledgement GuidelineYYPIPTM3A4 IFV73XML & EBPIPTM3A4 XML DTD !ELEMENT PurchaseOrder ( deliverTo? , comment? , GlobalPurchaseOrderStatusCode ,74XML & EBPIP摘要Trading Partner備妥內(nèi)容放入信封送出交易夥伴Trading Partner收文解開信封處理內(nèi)容交易夥伴PIP規(guī)定一個特定商業(yè)活動商業(yè)文件的結(jié)構(gòu)及格式商業(yè)文件表示成XML文件PIP也規(guī)定交易夥伴間交換文件的協(xié)定75XML & EB技術(shù)構(gòu)件字典Trading Partner備妥內(nèi)容放入