2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群2環(huán)境保護(hù)主題語(yǔ)境1自然環(huán)境自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)教案

1、2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群2環(huán)境保護(hù)主題語(yǔ)境1自然環(huán)境自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)教師用書教案2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群2環(huán)境保護(hù)主題語(yǔ)境1自然環(huán)境自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)教師用書教案PAGE 2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群2環(huán)境保護(hù)主題語(yǔ)境1自然環(huán)境自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)教師用書教案主題群二環(huán)境保護(hù)主題語(yǔ)境（一）自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)閱讀理解A（2020浙江1月卷B)Milwaukee，Wisconsin，is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice。freeby spreading on them cheese

2、 brine，the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses，like mozzarella.Wisconsin，also called “Americas Dairyland”,is famous for its cheese.The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year！As a result，there was a lot of leftover cheese brine。Disposing of（處置)the brine can be expensive.So what shou

3、ld cheese makers do with the waste?Normally,towns use rock salt to de。ice streets.The salt lowers waters freezing point，causing ice to melt（融化）But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money,while keeping roads safe.Cheese brine has salt in it，which，like the rock salt,h

4、elps lower waters freezing point.In addition to saving money，cheese brine could also be a more ecofriendly option.Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment。Rock salt is made of sodium chloride，the same compound （化合物) in ordinary table salt。Sounds harmles

5、s，right？But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food，road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on US。roads every year!The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground.There it can pollute drinking water，harm plants，and eat away soil。By spreading cheese brine on str

6、eets before adding a layer of rock salt，Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent。Cheese brine has a downside tooa smell similar to that of bad milk.“I dont really mind it,”Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine。He works for one of Wisconsins county highway commissions and came up

7、 with the idea of using cheese brine?！癘ur roads smell like Wisconsin!” he said?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在文章中，作者主要介紹了美國(guó)威斯康星州密爾沃基市變廢為寶,用cheese brine(奶酪鹽水）來(lái)除冰。1Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice。free？AIt is soft.BIt contains salt.CIt is warm。DIt has milk in it.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段的“cheese brine，the salty

8、liquid used to make soft cheeses”和第三段的“Cheese brine has salt in it，which,like the rock salt，helps lower waters freezing point.”可知，因?yàn)槟汤饮}水含有鹽，所以可以被用來(lái)除冰.故答案選B項(xiàng)。2What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads?AImproving air quality。BIncreasing sales of rock salt.CReducing water pollution.DSaving the c

9、heese industry.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“cheese brine could also be a more eco.friendly option”和第六段的“There it can pollute drinking water，harm plants，and eat away soil.By spreading cheese brine on streets”可推斷，利用奶酪鹽水來(lái)除冰更加環(huán)保，比用其他化學(xué)制品更能夠減少對(duì)水的污染.故選C項(xiàng).3Milwaukees new way to de.ice streets may be an example of _。Aba

10、rking up the wrong treeBputting the cart before the horseCrobbing Peter to pay PaulDkilling two birds with one stoneD推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“But using cheese brine。.keeping roads safe.”和第四段的“In addition to saving money，cheese brine could also be a more eco。friendly option?！笨芍?利用奶酪鹽水來(lái)除冰是一舉兩得的事情，既能夠省錢，做到廢物再利用，

11、同時(shí)又能夠比其他化學(xué)制品更加環(huán)保。故答案選D項(xiàng)“killing two birds with one stone”（一石二鳥）。B（2019天津卷C）How does an ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical models of food webs，noting wh

12、o eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones。When a predator(掠食動(dòng)物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey(獵物),the two species are str

13、ongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked。Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term。If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(滅絕）of one of them。And if a predator can move on to

14、 another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover。 The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predat

15、ors can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack。And unplanned human activities have proved

16、 the idea of top。down control by top predators to be true。In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early.warning system ba

17、sed on mathematical models。Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline。Prevention is key,scientists say，because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(臨界點(diǎn)），it i

18、s remarkably difficult for them to return.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)方面的一些關(guān)鍵原則.4What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?AThe living habits of species in food webs.BThe rules governing food webs of the ecosystems。CThe approaches to studying the sp

19、ecies in the ecosystems.DThe differences between weak and strong links in food webs。B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“With such models， scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知,借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原則。故選B。5A strong link is found between two species when a predator _.Ahas a wide food

20、 choiceBcan easily find new preyCsticks to one prey speciesDcan quickly move to another placeC細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“When a predator（掠食動(dòng)物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey（獵物），the two species are strongly linked可知,當(dāng)捕食者總是吃大量的單一獵物,這兩個(gè)物種是緊密相連的。故選C。6What will happen if the populations of top predators in

21、 a food web greatly decline？AThe prey species they directly attack will die out.BThe species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.CThe living environment of other species will remain unchanged.DThe populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.D推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段的“In the 19

22、60s， scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack可知，處于食物網(wǎng)頂端的食肉動(dòng)物對(duì)它們沒(méi)有直接攻擊的其他物種的種群數(shù)量有著驚人的控制，由此可推斷出，如果位于食物網(wǎng)頂端的食肉動(dòng)物的數(shù)量大大下降,其他物種的數(shù)量將發(fā)生意想不到的變化。故選D。7What conclusion

23、 can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?AUncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems。BRapid economic development threatens animal habitats.CSpecies of commercial value dominate other species。DIndustrial activities help keep food webs stable.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“Ideally，the system would te

24、ll us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline可知，人類過(guò)度的活動(dòng)會(huì)將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，由此可推斷出，不受控制的人類活動(dòng)極大地破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A.8How does an earlywarning system help us maintain the ecological balance？ABy getting illegal p

25、ractices under control。BBy stopping us from killing large predators.CBy bringing the broken。down ecosystems back to normal.DBy signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Scientists have built an earlywarning system based on mathematical models。Ideally the system would tell

26、 us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline。”可知，預(yù)警系統(tǒng)提前發(fā)出信號(hào)以讓人們采取措施防止生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到破壞。故選D。C（2019北京卷D）By the end of the century，if not sooner，the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a war

27、ming climate,according to a new study。At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物)called phytoplankton。Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on th

28、e type and concentration of phytoplankton。Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance。Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen

29、。When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend。Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunli

30、ght and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients。Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century。In a world that warms up by 3，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would

31、occur。The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer。But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean chan

32、ging，”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing?！盇nd why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food web。If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said，“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive。Those kinds of changes could affect the food

33、 chain。Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，but they could mean significant changes.“Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,Dutkiewicz said,“but the change

34、in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖,世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠.這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響,氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。9What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？AT

35、he various patterns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段“By the end of the century，if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming clima

36、te， according to a new study?！笨芍奖臼兰o(jì)末，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話,世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。結(jié)合第二段“At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物） called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean

37、 colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于浮游植物的類型和濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。分析選項(xiàng)可知B符合題意,故選B.10What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ASensitive.BBeneficial.CSign

38、ificant。DUnnoticeable。A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow， but also nutrients.”可知，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。由此可判斷“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming tren

39、d”浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響.可知A項(xiàng)正確.11What can we learn from the passage？APhytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem。BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate。DOceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener。D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第

40、四段“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer。But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic， a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”，可知Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測(cè)，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會(huì)變得更藍(lán).但是在一些水域，比如北極,氣候變暖會(huì)使浮游植

41、物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟,而這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。由此可推斷,浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，浮游植物就更多了，這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。12What is the main purpose of the passage？ATo assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans。DTo introduce a new method

42、 to study phytoplankton。C主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century,if not sooner， the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate， according to a new study.”可知，到本世紀(jì)末,一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.W

43、arming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth。.可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。可知本文主要解釋氣候變化對(duì)海洋及其植物的影響。故選C。完形填空(2019全國(guó)卷)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa。They 1 with them lots of waste.The 2

44、 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川） are disappearing，changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro。Hearing these stories，Im 4 about the placeother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences。However，I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons

45、of rubbish。I find a 7 mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths。The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9 。The best of a Kilimanjaro 10 ，in my opinion，isnt reaching the top。Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultur

46、es。This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)） in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters， 14 lands of low growing plants.Further up，the weather 15low clouds envelop the mountainsides，which are covered with th

47、ick grass。 I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand。Above 4,000 meters is the highland 17 ：gravel(礫石),stones and rocks。 18 you climb into an arctic.like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ru

48、ining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了非洲乞力馬扎羅山的環(huán)境污染以及當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)努力治理之后環(huán)境的改觀情況。該語(yǔ)篇能激發(fā)深入思考,關(guān)注自然和生態(tài),探索人與自然的和諧相處之道。1A.keepBmixCconnectDbringD根據(jù)第一句“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro.。.可知，每年大約有4萬(wàn)人試圖攀登乞力馬扎羅山，所以他們攀登的時(shí)候帶來(lái)(bring)了很多垃圾。2A。storiesBb

49、uildingsCcrowdsDreportersC聯(lián)系上文中的“about 40,000 people可知，這些人群(crowds)有可能破壞這個(gè)地方的美。3A.positionBageCfaceDnameC聯(lián)系上文中的“The glaciers are disappearing可知,冰川的消失正在改變乞力馬扎羅山的面貌（face）。4A。silentBskepticalCseriousDcrazyB聯(lián)系下文“other destinations are described aspurer natural experiences”可知，其他目的地被描述為“更純粹的”自然體驗(yàn),所以作者對(duì)乞力馬

50、扎羅山被嚴(yán)重破壞的報(bào)道表示懷疑（skeptical）。be skeptical about對(duì)表示懷疑。5A.discoverBargueCdecideDadvocateA聯(lián)系下文的“much has changed”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)（discover)了乞力馬扎羅山的變化。6A。equipmentBgrassCcampsDstonesC聯(lián)系下文中的“with toilets at camps”可知，這里報(bào)道的是營(yíng)地(camp）。7A。remoteBquiet CtallDcleanD聯(lián)系上文However(然而）及下文“with toilets at camps and along the pa

51、ths(營(yíng)地和路邊都有廁所)可推知，作者看到的是干凈的（clean）山。8A.newBspecialCsignificantDnecessaryC上文提到乞力馬扎羅山有眾多游客，而且有很多垃圾,還有令人心煩的諸多報(bào)道，由此可知，這里面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是重大的（significant）.9A。paying offBspreading outCblowing upDfading awayA聯(lián)系前文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效（pay off)。10A。atmosphereBexperience

52、CexperimentDsightB聯(lián)系下文reaching the top可知，作者認(rèn)為乞力馬扎羅山最好的爬山體驗(yàn)（experience）并不是登頂。11A.studiedBobservedCexploredDregardedD聯(lián)系空后的“by many cultures”可知,山在很多文化中被看作是（regard)靈魂之地.12A。viewBqualityCreasonDpurposeA結(jié)合上文的“文化觀”，再聯(lián)系下文的“go through five ecosystems”可知，這種“經(jīng)歷五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的景色(view）在乞力馬扎羅山表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。13A。scientistsBclimbe

53、rsClocalsDofficialsB聯(lián)系上文的“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro。.?！笨芍郎降娜耍╟limbers)可以經(jīng)歷五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。14A.holding on toBgoing back toCliving up toDgiving way toD聯(lián)系上文的“It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters”可知,熱帶雨林在3 000米處突然中止，取而代之的是生長(zhǎng)著低矮植物的土地。give way to意為“被代替”,符合語(yǔ)境。15A.changesBclearsCimpro

54、vesDpermitsA上文介紹了五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的兩種，再聯(lián)系下文的“l(fā)ow clouds envelop the mountainsides可知，在這里氣候又發(fā)生了變化(change)。16A。matchBimagineCcountDaddC聯(lián)系空后的“twelve shades of green”可知，作者數(shù)出了(count）12種綠色.17A。villageBdesertCroadDlakeB聯(lián)系冒號(hào)后的“gravel，stones and rocks”可知,4 000米以上是荒漠(desert）.18A。ObviouslyBEasilyCConsequentlyDFinallyD上文介

55、紹了從山下到山上的五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，所以這里說(shuō)最后(finally)爬到了一個(gè)像北極圈一樣的區(qū)域.19A。permanentBlittleCfreshDartificialA聯(lián)系上文的“climb into an arctic.like zone可知，攀登者到了一個(gè)像北極圈的地方，所以這里是指常年積雪.permanent意為“永久的，永恒的，符合語(yǔ)境。20A。enjoyBdeserveCsaveDacquireB聯(lián)系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在這里自問(wèn)自答:乞力馬扎羅山真的應(yīng)該獲得(deserve)游客擁擠、環(huán)境破壞的名聲嗎? 我想答案是否

56、定的。寫出所給單詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1leftover n剩菜2dispose v處理3suspect v懷疑4downside n負(fù)面5commission n委員會(huì)6ecosystem n生態(tài)系統(tǒng)7tiny adj。微小的8global adj.全球的9nutrient n營(yíng)養(yǎng)物10throughout prep。遍及11multiple adj。數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的12chain nv。鏈；束縛13shade n陰涼。根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)寫出英文單詞1weak adj。虛弱的2stable adj。穩(wěn)固的3attack v進(jìn)攻4climate n氣候5process n過(guò)程6attempt n& v試圖

57、7ruin v摧毀.根據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1salt n鹽salty adj。含鹽的2option n選擇 optional adj.可選擇的3environment n環(huán)境environmental adj.環(huán)境的4survive v幸存survival n幸存5origin n起源original adj.最初的6organ n器官organism n有機(jī)體7appear v出現(xiàn)appearance n出現(xiàn)，外貌8spirit n精神spiritual adj。精神上的。根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)寫出慣用習(xí)語(yǔ)1in_addition_to 除了2for_instance 例如3rather_than

58、而不是4one_another_互相即時(shí)演練單句語(yǔ)法填空1The arrival of this south American predator threatened the survival（survive） of native species。2David turned around and walked off in_the opposite direction.3In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from b

59、eing_attacked(attack）4There was no signal in that country village and all my attempts（attempt） contact you failed.5The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.6Charged with acting dishonestly in her business，she was _in low spirits。.熟詞生義(寫出

60、句中黑體詞的漢語(yǔ)意思)1I count twelve shades of green from where I stand._色度2With such models， scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs。起作用。似易實(shí)難（將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語(yǔ))1By the end of the century， if not sooner， the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate， according