在話輪轉(zhuǎn)換視角下研究美劇《了不起的麥瑟爾夫人》中麥瑟爾夫人的性格特征及其變化分析研究 文學(xué)專業(yè)

1、摘要話輪轉(zhuǎn)換理論首次是由H. Sacks, E. A Schegloff和G. Jefferson提出的，并為其以后的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。隨著話輪轉(zhuǎn)換分析的不斷完善，文學(xué)領(lǐng)域也逐漸涉及了這個(gè)理論，并且許多學(xué)者都試圖將戲劇與話輪轉(zhuǎn)換相結(jié)合，并取得了重大突破。電視劇作為戲劇的一種形式，在傳播過程中得到了迅速的發(fā)展。于是對(duì)電視劇的研究也隨之展開。但是近年來，以話輪轉(zhuǎn)換的角度來分析電視劇文學(xué)，并且揭示人物性格特點(diǎn)的研究并不多見。電視劇了不起的麥瑟爾夫人在2017年上映之后引起了強(qiáng)烈的反響并獲得了許多的榮譽(yù)。該電視劇講述的是一個(gè)家庭主婦因?yàn)檎煞虻谋撑?，意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的喜劇才能，從一個(gè)依賴丈夫的家庭婦女

2、變?yōu)榱艘粋€(gè)追求自己夢(mèng)想的獨(dú)立，自強(qiáng)女性。 HYPERLINK javascript:; 本文由五部分組成，其中第一部分是引言部分，主要介紹了整篇的背景意義及框架等；第二部分是文獻(xiàn)綜述，對(duì)于國內(nèi)外前人的研究進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)并指出了文章的研究空間；第三部分是理論框架，介紹了研究的問題和方法等；第四部分是材料的收集及分析，通過定性和定量的方法對(duì)問題進(jìn)行研究。第五部分是總結(jié)，總結(jié)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)并指出這篇文章研究的局限性。通過研究得出：（1）在話輪轉(zhuǎn)換視角下研究戲劇，可以通過人物的對(duì)話來了解人物的性格特征，可以通過定性定量的方式準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)這部劇進(jìn)行研究。（2）基于話輪轉(zhuǎn)換理論研究的電視劇了不起的麥瑟爾夫人中麥瑟爾

3、夫人是一個(gè)樂觀開朗，積極向上，自立自強(qiáng)，勇敢追逐自己夢(mèng)想的可愛的女性。她從一開始依賴丈夫的家庭婦女變?yōu)榱艘粋€(gè)不畏人言，勇敢活出自我的有夢(mèng)想有才華的女性。（3）經(jīng)過研究，觀眾更好的了解戲劇中人物的性格特征，更準(zhǔn)確的理解、欣賞這部電視劇。關(guān)鍵字：話輪轉(zhuǎn)換；了不起的麥瑟爾夫人；性格；人物轉(zhuǎn)變AbstractThe turn-taking theory was first proposed by H. Sacks, E. A Schegloff and G. Jefferson, and laid a solid foundation for their future development. Wit

4、h the continuous improvement of turn-taking analysis, the literary field has gradually involved this theory, and many scholars have tried to combine drama with turn-taking and have made major breakthroughs. As a form of drama, dramas have developed rapidly in the process of communication. So the stu

5、dy of TV dramas also followed. However, in recent years, it has been rare to analyze TV drama literature from the perspective of turn-taking, and to reveal the character traits.American TV drama The Marvelous Mrs.Maisel caused a strong response and gained many honors after its release in 2017. The T

6、V series tells of a housewife accidentally discovering her comedic talent after her husbands betrayal, from a housewife who relied on her husband to an independent woman who pursues her dreams and self-reinforced. This arti HYPERLINK javascript:; cleismadeoffiveparts.Thefirstpartistheintroductionpar

7、t,whichmainlyintroducesthebackgroundandframeworkofthe whole article. The second part is the literature review. It sums up the research of domestic and foreign predecessors and points out the research space of the article; The third part is the theoretical framework, which introduces the research pro

8、blems and methods; the fourth part is the collection and analysis of materials, and the problems are studied through qualitative and quantitative methods. The fifth part is a summary, summarizing the research findings and pointing out the limitations of the research.Through research, it is concluded

9、 that: (1) To study drama in the perspective of turn-taking, one can understand the personality traits of the characters through dialogues of the characters, and this can be accurately studied through qualitative and quantitative methods. (2) Mrs. Maisel in the drama The Marvelous Mrs.Maisel based o

10、n the theory of turn-taking conversion, is an optimistic, cheerful, positive, self-reliant, courageous woman who pursues her dreams. From the beginning, she relied on her husbands housewife to become a dream-talented woman brave enough to live her life. (3) Through the study, the audience can better

11、 understand the performance of the characters in the drama and understand and appreciate this TV drama more accurately.Key words：turn-taking; The Marvelous Mrs.Maisel; character; changes of the roleContent1.Introduction1.1 BackgroundA turn means a speaker from the beginning to the end give speech at

12、 any time of a conversation and turn-taking is taking turns to speak. Harvey Sacks and Emanual Schegloff are the men who first put forward the turn-taking theory, and Gail Jefferson was firstly utilized to analyze daily conversations.At the beginning of this study, most of the scholars used turn-tak

13、ing system to analyze doctor-patient interaction, which means they analyzed the recorded conversations between doctors and patients to study patient how to describe their symptoms and doctor how to diagnose a patient. Later, some scholars use turn-taking to analyze classroom teaching which means how

14、 teachers talks influenced their students language reception.In late 1990s, China was been introduced by the study on turn-taking system. In early stage, main focus of the study was on the turn-taking turn-taking theory. Few years later, the studies turned their focus to the application of turn-taki

15、ng in different communication settings, such us education and literature and so on. Afterwards, Li Huadong and Yu Dongming applied quantitative analysis method on turn-taking use in stylistics of dram. With the rapid development of new media and high technology, study on conversation in media and ne

16、twork-based conversation have drawn greater attention of linguistic scholars.Research purpose and significanceTurn-taking analysis is one of the methods developed in the relatively new field of drama stylistics. Dialogue is the primary method of expression in dramatic texts and how the playwright de

17、scribes the dialogues determines the success or the failure of a play. A turn is an important unit in spoken dialogue, and characters take turns in dialogue. Therefore, the author finds it feasible to analysis drama under the turn-taking theory. This thesis reviews development of turn-taking theory

18、and tries out turn-taking system and framework of turn-taking on The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel in the hope of interpreting what lies behind the conversations about Mrs.Maisel , such as the characteristics of personality, in order to depict the image of Mrs.Maisels changes.Whats more, The Marvelous Mrs.

19、Maisel is a new American TV situation comedy which showed on March in 2017. It appeals a lot of audiences who have strong discussions about this TV drama. The characteristic of this drama, in my opinion, is the peoples intensive dialogue and Mrs.Maisels monologue. So in these ways, I would like to a

20、nalysis The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. use the turn-taking theory.In addition, I hope we can acquire a better understanding of this drama and evaluate the aesthetic value of the drama and appreciate the characters the writer created comprehensively. Except for instruction, the readers and other language

21、 users can draw inspiration from this research that they can learn the social system and cultural elements of English native speakers to communicate.Structure of the thesisThis thesis includes five parts.The first part shows the general introduction of the thesis about background information, resear

22、ch questions, significances as well as the organization of the paper.The second part is literature review which will give introduction about the basic theory of turn-taking, theoretical framework of this thesis and some studies made by former researchers abroad and at home of turn, turn-taking.The t

23、hird part concentrated on the methodology of this thesis, including the research questions, information of the material The Marvelous Mrs.Maisel, data collection and research procedures.The HYPERLINK javascript:; fourthpartisdataanalysis.Inthispart,thedataofseasononeofThe Marvelous Mrs.Maisel will b

24、e closely analyze from three aspects: turn-constructional component, turn-taking strategies and turn-allocational component and to find out what the features of turn-taking system in The Marvelous Mrs.Maisel are.The last part of thesis is a conclusion which will summarize the whole paper and present

25、 the main results, putting forward suggestions for further researches and pointing out the limitation existing in the paper and. It concludes the main findings, implication and limitation of this thesis and gives the whole thesis a complete summary.Literature ReviewFirstly, this part will introduce

26、previous studies on turn-taking aboard and at home. Secondly, I will tell the research pace of this thesis. Then, it will have a brief introduction about the The Marvelous Mrs.Maisel.Previous studies on turn-taking aboardTurn-taking theory was first proposed by H. Sacks, E. A Schegloff and G. Jeffer

27、son, and laid a solid foundation for the future development of turn-taking theory. At beginning, talking is considered as the essential tool for people to transform information in daily life. Before the early 1960s, some researchers had set conversation as the objective of study, however they just h

28、ave research on how many kinds of ways people spoke and which way was correct or not. Although Havey Sacks, Emanuel A. Schegloff and Gail Jefferson had put forward the conversational analysis and turn-taking systematics the presence of turn, the exact definition of turn didnt given by them .They jus

29、t point out that there exist many activities depending on turn rules and conversation in our social life. However, the meaning is hardly reached.Until the early 1960s, researchers scientifically analyzed system of conversation. Because its disorderly and unsystematic feature, Mey Jacob (2011) consid

30、ers that only right conversational utterances is not coequal to conversation being un-ruled, or even unruly, and ordinary conversation as the shortcomings of formal rules for eliciting the set of all.Paul ten, Have(2007) think that the project team analyzed the tapes transcribed and the details of t

31、he recordings. Many kinds of sequential organization have been specify and delineate interrelationships of effective in conversation. At first, transcripts were just decoding of the utterances. Then, they tried to get more details of the ways these words were produced as formatted utterances about t

32、he utterances of other speakersGeorge Yule (2000) thinks that conversation is a market economy in an analogical way and explains In this market, there is a scarce commodity called the floor which can be defined as the right to speak. At any time to have the control of this scarce commodity is called

33、 a turn.At first daily conversation is the place turn-taking analysis applied to. Gillian Brown and George Yule (2000) think that it is important to use turn-taking analysis in daily conversations, The turn-taking analysis are mainly focus on institutional talk, such as courtroom discourse, news int

34、erview and doctor-patient communication, and so on. Using conversation analysis skills, Heritage and Maynard (2006) had a comprehensive discussion of communication between doctors and patients in Communication. There are also many scholars applying turn-taking on other aspects. Bosch, Ostdijk and Ru

35、iter (2004) had a quantitative analysis of the turn-taking. they research on the turn-irregularities of four characters through the movie Why Do Fools Fall in Love, Tiono and Ansori (2005) found that people tend to overlap others when they want to reject or complete others utterance or show annoyanc

36、e. In a courtroom, the judge from the questions and answers between the themselves and witness would control the times of the witnesss turn. It was shown that teachers are different from children in their turn-interrupting strategies and speaker after overlap changes according to the type of overlap

37、 from observing and videotaping twenty-three lessons in Italy in 12 classes of state primary schools (Barbara Maroni et al., 2008). In 2009, Raux and Eskenazi introduced the Finite-State Turn-taking Machine. Cheatham and Ellie (2011) studied the influence of semantics and pragmatics which include tu

38、rn-taking on the comprehension and communication between English as a second language parents and early educators. Timothy et al. (2013) believe that successful turn-taking had positive influence on learning and people with turn-taking experience tend to be teachers in assignment game. Waring (2013)

39、 think that turn-taking portion between students and teachers were analyzed.Previous studies on turn-taking at homeAt home, as the turn-taking systematics develops rapidly, it also gets a lot of attentions. Scholars mainly try to apply Sacks model to analyze different materials and prove Sacks model

40、 in turn. For example, Li Huadong and Yu Dongming (2001) apply turn-taking system to analyze the relation between characters in dramas. They propose a concrete framework to analyze drama in quantitative method, and will also use in this thesis. According to them, this framework consists of five part

41、s: turn length, turn type, the initiation and control of topics, interruption and monologue, turn-control strategies. Sun Yibing and He Rihua (2006) find that the turn constructional unit in Internet chat room conversation bears much resemblance to that in daily conversation. Besides, there are also

42、 researches focusing on the theory study at home, but the innovation is hardly found.However, it should be mentioned that Liu Hong (1992) points out defects of Sacks model and puts forward corresponding improving methods. On the one hand she completes the definition of turn mentioned, on the other h

43、and provides features of feedback projects which is a form of reflection from a hearer to the speakers remarks. and semi-turns. It shows a hearers interest to what the speaker is saying or just tells the speaker that he or she is listening. Through feedback projects the progress of conversations cou

44、ld be promoted.What more, Zhang zhihong and Wei zhentai (2016) had analysis the Chinese novel frog used the turn-taking theory and they put forward initiative turns, control of turns, turn length to describe character more specific and can also indicate personality variations and the turn change of

45、characters are closely related.Based on the review of turn-taking studies, we will know that, turn-taking systematics is applied in the researches on drama to explore the status of the characters and the relationship. However, as a form of drama, few people tries to combine turn-taking systematics w

46、ith the American TV series.Research space of this thesisThe turn-taking analysis has gone through three steps. At beginning, it appeared in daily conversations; secondly it appeared in the classroom conversations; then, it is combined with drama stylistics and applied to the literature works. Nowada

47、ys, dramatic development increasingly, but few of them analyzed from the perspective of turn-taking analysis. Thus, this thesis fills the gap.Dialogue is the primary method of expression in dramatic texts and how the playwright describes the dialogues determines the success or the failure of a play.

48、 A turn is an utterance unit in spoken dialogue, and characters take turns in dialogue. Therefore, I find it feasible to analysis drama from the angle of the turn-taking theory. This thesis reviews development of turn-taking theory and tries out turn-taking system and framework of turn-taking on The

49、 Marvelous Mrs. Maisel in the hope of interpreting what lies behind the conversations about Mrs.Maisel, such as the characteristics of personality in order to depict the image of Mrs.Maisels changes.In addition, The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is a new American TV situation comedy which showed on March in

50、 2017. It appeals a lot of audiences who have strong discussions about this TV drama. The characteristic of this drama, in my opinion, is the peoples intensive dialogue and Mrs.Maisels monologue. So in these ways, I would like to analysis The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. under the turn-taking theory.2.4.

51、A brief introduction of The Marvelous Mrs.MasielThe Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is created byAmy Sherman Palladinoand starringRache Brosnahan. It is an Americancomedy-dramatelevision series.The series follows a housewife who discovers she has a knack for stand-up comedy in New York City in 1958. The serie

52、s pilots first part was show on March 17, 2017, The first season was released on November 29, 2017 The series has received three nominations with two wins at theCritics Choice Television Awards, the Best Comedy Series and Best Actress in a Comedy Series for Brosnahan whileAlex Borstein received a no

53、mination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and won twoGolden Globe Awards ,the Best Television Series Musical or Comedy andBest Actress Musical or Comedy for Brosnahan.The plot of this drama is: Miriam Midge Maisel is ahousewifeliving in New York City in 1958. Her husband, Joel, is a bu

54、sinessman who has a dream as ag comedian. Midge give her supports to Joel, providing feedback about his sets, she discovers that Joel has stolen one of his best routines fromfamous comedian.One night, after an unsuccessful performance, Joel tells Midge that he has an affair and leaves her. Midge goe

55、s to her parents to find support but receives criticism and also they demand Midge to persuade Joel to return.Midge feels sad, after drinking a lot of wine, she returns to the Gaslight Cafe and goes on stage, delivering an impromptu set about her predicament which make audiences laugh a lot. Therefo

56、re, Midges talent have been showed.Midge accepted the result innocently, first she was sad and sad, but later she got better and she got rid of the shackles of the marriage relationship. On the contrary, she had time to re-explore herself and finally the wife found her own business and achieved succ

57、ess.Research DesignIn this part of thesis, the methodology which including four parts, Sacks turn-taking systematic, researching question, data-collecting method, research methods and will be given in this part.3.1 Sacks turn-taking systematicIt has been found that people take turns to do things in

58、various aspects of social lives including in conversation before Sacks, however, Schegloff and Jeffersonthe turn-taking analysis model is failed. Sacks and his collogues presented a model for the turn-taking organization for conversation in 1974 HYPERLINK javascript:; inthearticleASimplestSystematic

59、sfortheOrganizationofTurn-takingforConversationforexplainhowspeakers take turns to communicate in the conversation,The systematics is based on the Sacks and his cooperators observation of daily conversations, through their observation many features of daily conversations are found out. Sacks (1974)

60、concludes those features as follows: there exist the common situations where more than one speaker occur at a time briefly; in conversations the speakers have change again , or at least occurs; usually there is only one speaker at a time; the order of turns vary; in the process of transitions from a