大豆常見(jiàn)病害

1、大豆常見(jiàn)病害病害較多真菌病：有為害暗葉部的斑枯病、灰斑病、霜霉病和銹病等，其中霜霉病遍及各地：為 害根、莖的有疫腐病、菌核病和炭疽病。疫腐病以抗病育種：其它靠輪作法防治。為害子粒 的有紫斑病和黑點(diǎn)病，藥劑拌種防治。細(xì)菌病：有斑點(diǎn)病和斑疹病，有的可用抗病育種防治。病毒?。悍N類多，中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江流域和黃淮平原以花葉病毒流行廣、為害重。采用無(wú)病毒種 子、消滅媒介昆蟲(chóng)及抗病育種防治。大豆泡囊線蟲(chóng)病、根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病：采用合理輪作和抗病育種防治。主要蟲(chóng)害有食心蟲(chóng)、草 地螟、豆莢螟、豆稈蠅、豆稈黑潛蠅、紅蜘蛛和財(cái)蟲(chóng)等，以藥劑防治為主。菟幼子在黃淮平 原為害甚烈，采用清選種子、生物防治和輪作防治。大豆銹病大豆銹病已發(fā)現(xiàn)

2、的病害有30余種，其中真菌性病害最多，病毒類主要是大豆花葉病毒，線蟲(chóng)病主要 為抱囊線蟲(chóng)和根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)。大豆銹病、炭疽病、細(xì)菌性斑疹病等，在南方發(fā)生較重。北方春大 豆區(qū)霜霉病、灰斑病、細(xì)菌性斑點(diǎn)病、抱囊線蟲(chóng)病發(fā)生普遍。大豆病毒病在各大豆栽培區(qū)都 有發(fā)生為害大豆粒莢.紫斑病 Cercospora kikuchii、輪紋病 Ascochyta glycines、赤霉病 Fusarium avenacearum(Fusarium roseum、Fusarium semitectum).莢枯病 Macrophoma mame、炭疽病 Colletotrichum glycines、 黑痘病 Sphacelo

3、ma glycines。葉部病害主要有：霜霉病 Peronospora manshurica、灰斑病 Cercospora sojina.褐紋病 Septoria glycines、黑斑病 Alternaria brassicae var.phaseoli Alternaria fasciculata Alernaria tenuissima、銹病 Phakopsora pachyrhizix 白粉病 Erysiphe polygon!細(xì)菌性斑點(diǎn)病 Pseudomonas glycinea、細(xì)菌性斑疹病 Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sojense 大豆花葉病 Soybe

4、an mosaic virus(SMV)等。莖稈部病害有.菌核病 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、黑點(diǎn)病 Phomopsis sojac(Diaporthe phaseolorum)、紋枯病 Pellicularia sasakiio根部病害有：立枯病 Rhizoctonia solani、猝倒病 Pythium debaryanum 枯萎病 Fusarium bulbigenum (F.oxysporum)o紫斑病紫斑病紫斑病還有抱囊線蟲(chóng)Heterodera glycines主要發(fā)生在黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、內(nèi)蒙古、河北、山東、 河南等省(自治區(qū))。根疫病Phytophthor

5、a magasperma var.sojae是美國(guó)的主要病害，中國(guó)尚未 發(fā)現(xiàn)。是檢疫對(duì)象。大豆病害的防治以抗病品種為主的綜合防治措施。藥劑防治：在30余種大豆病害中，由種 子帶菌為初次侵染源的占60%左右，藥劑拌種能減少病害的侵染源，而且對(duì)苗期病害也有防 治效果。如福美雙0.3%拌種，可防治大豆霜霉病和灰斑病。葉部病害如霜霉病、灰斑病， 根部病害如抱囊線蟲(chóng)病等，均可用藥劑進(jìn)行有效防治：農(nóng)業(yè)措施防治，采取合理輪作，如防 治大豆抱囊線蟲(chóng)病，實(shí)行大豆與禾谷類作物或非寄生作物3-5年輪作，減少蟲(chóng)源。種前通過(guò) 選種；建立無(wú)病種子田，對(duì)防治霜霉病、紫斑病、灰斑病，大豆花葉病毒效果較好。中耕除 草，排除田間

6、積水，能減輕大豆缺病和根部病害的發(fā)生。增施有機(jī)肥，適時(shí)灌水，可減輕抱 囊線蟲(chóng)病的為害。清除田間雜草，亦可減少大豆花葉病毒等病害。防治措施大豆的病蟲(chóng)害對(duì)大豆的正常生長(zhǎng)危害很大，嚴(yán)重時(shí)減產(chǎn)損失達(dá)30%以上。大豆的病害有：大 豆根腐病、線蟲(chóng)病、灰斑病、褐紋病、霜霉病等，蟲(chóng)害有潛根蠅、大豆蠣蟲(chóng)、食心蟲(chóng)等。 防治辦法：事前預(yù)防，選無(wú)病優(yōu)良品種，整地時(shí)進(jìn)行土壤滅菌殺蟲(chóng)處理；在發(fā)病前噴施 滅菌防蟲(chóng)藥劑+新高脂膜800倍液可有效預(yù)防病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生：在病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生期，要按植保要 求噴施針對(duì)性藥劑+新高脂膜800倍液進(jìn)行滅殺。Disease morefungal disease: damage dark leaves

7、leaf blight, gray leaf spot, downy mildew and rust, which downy mildew everywhere; HYPERLINK , damage roots and stems of Phytophthora rot, Sclerotinia and anthrax. Phytophthora rot disease resistance breeding; rely on crop rotation prevention. Peliosis and black spot disease damage grain, Yaojibanzh

8、ong prevention.bacterial diseases: scab and spotted disease, and some are available prevention and control of disease resistance breeding.(3) virus disease: many kinds of the Yangtze River in China and the Huang-Huai plain mosaic virus widely popular heavy damage. The seed virus, the eradication of

9、the insect vector, and the prevention and control of disease resistance breeding. soybean cyst nematode, ,root-knot nematode disease: the rotation system and the prevention and control of disease resistance breeding. Major pest moth, meadow moth, pod borer, bean stalk flies the bean stalk black magg

10、ot, spider mites and aphids, chemical control. Dodder damage even in the Huang-Huai Plain of intense cleaning seed, prevention and control of biological control and crop rotation.Soybean RustSoybean RustDisease have been found more than 30 species, most fungal diseases, viruses, mainly soybean mosai

11、c virus, the nematode cyst nematode and root-knot nematodes. Soybean rust, anthracnose, bacterial rash diseases such as occurred in the south heavier. The North the spring soybean District downy mildew, gray leaf spot, bacterial spot, HYPERLINK , cyst nematode occurs generally. Soybean virus disease

12、 have occurred in soybean cultivation areaInfestation of soybean seed podPeliosis the Cercospora kikuchii, ring rot Ascochyta glycines scab of Fusarium avenacearum (of Fusarium roseum, Fusarium semitectum) the pods blight Macrophoma mame, anthracnose Colletotrichum glycines, anthracnose Sphaceloma g

13、lycines.Leaf disease:Downy mildew Peronospora manshurica, gray spot disease Cercospora sojina brown grain disease Septoria glycines, black spot of Alternaria brassicae, var.phaseoli of Alternaria fasciculate Alernaria tenuissima rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi, powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni of Pseudom

14、onas glycinea, bacterial spot, bacterial spot exanthema Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sojense, soybean mosaic virus Soybean mosaic virus (SMV).Stem Ministry of diseases have .Sclerotinia Sclerotinia sclerotiorum black spot disease the Phomopsis sojac (Diaporthe phaseolorum), sheath blight Pellicularia s

15、asakii.Root diseases:Blight Rhizoctonia solani, damping-off disease Pythium debaryanum, to wilt the Fusarium bulbigenum (F.oxysporum).PeliosisPeliosisPeliosisThere cyst nematode Heterodera glycines occurs mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other provi

16、nces (autonomous regions). The roots blight Phytophthora magasperma var.sojae is a major disease in the United States, China has not yet found. Quarantine objects.Soybean disease prevention and treatment resistant varieties based comprehensive prevention and control measures. Chemical control: 30 ki

17、nds of soybean diseases by seed infection accounted for about 60% of the initial infection source, Yaojibanzhong can reduce the source of infection of the disease, ,but also control effect on seedling diseases. Thiram 0.3% of seed, against soybean downy mildew and gray leaf spot. Leaf diseases such

18、as downy mildew, gray leaf spot, root diseases such as cyst nematode, etc., can be used Pharmacy effective prevention and treatment; the agriculture measures to prevent, to take reasonable rotation, such as the prevention and treatment of soybean cyst nematode, the implementation of soybeans and cer

19、eal crops or non-parasitic crops 3-5 rings as reduce insect source. Species by selection; establish disease-free seed fields, the fight against downy mildew peliosis, gray leaf spot disease of soybean mosaic virus better, ,Cultivating, weeding, exclude water in field, can reduce the occurrence of of soybean the dissatisfied disease and root diseases. Organic fertilize： timely irrigation can reduce cyst nematode infestation. Clear the weeds in the field, and also reduce soybean mosaic virus disease.Prevention and control measuresSoybean pest poses serious thr