福建省2021～2022學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

1、試卷第 =page 21 21頁(yè)，共 =sectionpages 21 21頁(yè)試卷第 =page 1 1頁(yè)，共 =sectionpages 3 3頁(yè)福建省20212022學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題學(xué)校:_姓名：_班級(jí)：_考號(hào)：_一、閱讀理解If youre looking for some books to read, the following may be your best choices.Team Human by Douglas RushkoffDouglas Rushkoff believes we are essentially social creatures, and t

2、hat we achieve our greatest goals when we work together, not as individuals. However, he says todays society is threatened by many elements that weaken our ability to connect. He calls on us to take action.Climate-A New Story by Charles EisensteinWith an entire chapter stating climate change, Charle

3、s Eisenstein advocates expanding our limited focus on carbon emissions to see the broader picture beyond our short-sighted and incomplete approach. He thinks rivers, forests and the creatures of nature are valuable in their own right, not simply for preventing a rise in temperature.Who Can You Trust

4、? by Rachel BotsmanIn this book, Rachel Botsman reveals that we are at the point of one of the biggest social transformations in human history. She says we might have lost faith in many other people, but millions of people exchange digital currencies or find themselves trusting a robot. She says if

5、we are to benefit from this shift, we must understand the mechanics of how trust is built, managed, lost and repaired in the digital age.The Happiness Fantasy by Carl CederstromCarl Cederstrom traces our present-day conception of happiness. He argues that happiness is now defined by a desire to expe

6、rience physical pleasure. He says, however, there is a vision of the good life which promotes deeper engagement with the world. Guided by this more reasonable worldview, we will present ourselves with a new image.1What does Team Human focus on?AIndividuals ability.BTeamwork.CSocial events.DCreatures

7、.2Who introduces climate change to readers?ADouglas Rushkoff.BRachel Botsman.CCharles Eisenstein.DCarl Cederstrom.3Which book calls on readers to attach importance to mental pleasure?ATeam Human.BClimate-A New Story.CWho Can You Trust?DThe Happiness Fantasy.【答案】1B2C3D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本值得閱讀的書(shū)。1

8、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Douglas Rushkoff believes we are essentially social creatures, and that we achieve our greatest goals when we work together, not as individuals. (格拉斯拉什科夫認(rèn)為，我們本質(zhì)上是群居動(dòng)物，當(dāng)我們一起工作時(shí)，我們才能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們最大的目標(biāo)，而不是以個(gè)體的身份。)”可知，Team Human這本書(shū)關(guān)注的是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。故選B。2細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“With an entire chapter stating climate chang

9、e, Charles Eisenstein advocates expanding our limited focus on carbon emissions to see the broader picture beyond our short-sighted and incomplete approach.( Charles Eisenstein用一整個(gè)章節(jié)闡述了氣候變化，他主張擴(kuò)大我們對(duì)碳排放的有限關(guān)注，以超越我們短視和不完整的方法，看到更廣闊的前景。)”可知，Charles Eisenstein在Climate-A New Story一書(shū)中介紹了氣候變化。故選C。3推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后

10、一段“He argues that happiness is now defined by a desire to experience physical pleasure. He says, however, there is a vision of the good life which promotes deeper engagement with the world. (他認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)在的幸福常被定義為物質(zhì)享樂(lè)。然而，他說(shuō)，對(duì)于美好生活的幻想應(yīng)該是人們更多去了解世界)”可推斷，The Happiness Fantasy這本書(shū)呼吁人們重視精神愉悅。故選D。On one day of May,

11、 when Jared Garcia got home from work, he opened the fridge and saw four different pizza boxes from four different restaurants. “Its pretty embarrassing, but its the truth,” Jared said.At 129 kilograms, the 27-year-old would sit on the couch watching TV, without energy left after conquering the work

12、day. Late-night snacks included popcorn and ice cream. Gradually, his clothes felt like getting smaller every time he did laundry. Also, Jared missed the feeling he got when he used to play sports as a teenager.Together, he and his girlfriend, Bella MacDonald, decided to make a change to lifestyle.

13、They had talked about doing it before, but this time, it stuck. They didnt want to look back 20 years from now realizing they should have made changes to be healthier then.First, they would start going to the gym. But they didnt want to put in the hours of fitness without having the right diet to br

14、ing up their energy levels. They would eat their meals between 8 am and 6 pm each day. This helped them kick the late-night snacking habit. “You stop mindless eating in the evening. Youre also eating in sync (同步) with your circadian rhythm (晝夜節(jié)律), which is more favorable for weight loss,” said Jared

15、.They immediately noticed their energy levels started to pick back up as they started eating pizza for proteins like turkey alongside vegetables. “When were eating only during a ten-hour period, we do want to follow good nutritional guidelines, including protein, fiber, enough fluids in our diet as

16、well,” Jared said.Jared loved eating healthier options, but always had a hard time getting up to go to the gym. For Bella, food was a weakness, but she was excited to get up and work out. Anyway, they would stay the course.4What can we know about Jared from paragraph 2?AHe kept slim all the time.BHe

17、 once had bad eating habits.CHe forgot to play sports.DHe worked late into the night.5What does the underlined word “stuck” mean in paragraph 3?APaid off.BStarted early.CBecame accepted.DRemained uncertain.6What did Jared and Bella do besides going to the gym?AThey stopped getting proteins and fiber

18、.BThey tried to find out their weaknesses.CThey avoided eating late-night snacks.DThey asked friends to work out together.7How was Jared and Bellas losing weight?ATough.BUnexpected.CInteresting.DHeartbreaking.【答案】4B5C6C7A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公賈里德意識(shí)到自己的肥胖問(wèn)題后，開(kāi)始戒掉夜宵零食，與女友貝拉一起開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)，追求健康的生活方式。4推理判斷題。

19、根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Late-night snacks included popcorn and ice cream.”（深夜小吃包括爆米花和冰淇淋。）可知，賈里德會(huì)在深夜吃爆米花和冰淇淋，由此可知，從第二段我們可以了解到賈里德曾經(jīng)有過(guò)不良的飲食習(xí)慣，深夜吃垃圾食品。故選B項(xiàng)。5詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞上句“They had talked about doing it before”（他們以前說(shuō)過(guò)要做這件事）和下句“They didnt want to look back 20 years from now realizing they should have made changes to b

20、e healthier then.”（他們不想在20年后回首往事，才意識(shí)到他們當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該做出改變，以變得更健康。）可知，賈里德和女友以前說(shuō)過(guò)要改變生活方式，但直到這次，他們才真正接受這個(gè)想法，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌朐?0年后感到后悔，“Became accepted”意為“被接受”，指改變生活方式的想法被二人接受了，能夠代替畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞在句中所要表達(dá)的意思。故選C項(xiàng)。6細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“They would eat their meals between 8 am and 6 pm each day. This helped them kick the late-night snacking ha

21、bit.”（他們每天早上8點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn)之間吃飯。這有助于他們改掉深夜吃零食的習(xí)慣。）可知，賈里德和女友除了去健身房外，還堅(jiān)持每天早上8點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn)之間吃飯，改掉深夜吃零食的習(xí)慣，由此可知，賈里德和貝拉除了去健身房還避免吃深夜零食。故選C項(xiàng)。7推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Jared loved eating healthier options, but always had a hard time getting up to go to the gym. For Bella, food was a weakness, but she was excited to get up and work

22、 out. Anyway, they would stay the course.”（賈里德喜歡吃更健康的食物，但總是很難起床去健身房。對(duì)貝拉來(lái)說(shuō)，食物是一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)，但她對(duì)起床鍛煉感到很興奮。無(wú)論如何，他們會(huì)堅(jiān)持到底。）可知，在減肥的過(guò)程中，賈里德很難起床去健身房，貝拉很難控制飲食，由此可推斷出，賈里德和貝拉的減肥過(guò)程是艱難的。故選A項(xiàng)。Sea plants like marine algae (海洋藻類(lèi)), seagrass and mangroves (紅樹(shù)林) provide habitats for many marine creatures including shrimp, fish

23、 and other small creatures. In some way, these plants keep the steady of the environment on the bottom of the sea that might otherwise be damaged by sea waves, sunlight and other climate change.In mankinds view, mangroves offer a safeguard against storms such as hurricanes, protecting the inland are

24、as where people live, especially in places like the coastlines of Florida and Louisiana.Marine algae, seagrass and mangroves play another vital role for many marine creatures-that of a baby room. Many marine animals lay eggs in these areas because their young have a better chance of avoiding hunters

25、 while hidden in the plants.Many animals rely on these plants as a main food source as well. Sea urchins (海膽) are just one example of some marine creatures that eat marine algae, keeping the algae from over-growth for its health. Without these vital plants, lots of marine animals would have little p

26、rotection from the hunters and human activities.Pollution and fertilizer run-off, damage from boat grounding and human-caused stresses on natural water systems are just a few types of threats that impact these weak ecosystems. The effects of the oil run-off in combination with these pre-existent con

27、ditions are difficult to predict. However, it is certain that the results will not be good for the already stressed environments that many species of marine life call home.When exposed to the oil and the chemicals used to clean up the run-off, the sea plants themselves are directly affected. But in

28、addition, the marine animals that depend on these plants as food and shelter are also impacted, and the rest of the food web will feel the effect.8What do the mangroves mean to the people in Florida?ATheir security blankets.BTheir food sources.CTheir hiding places.DTheir homes.9Why do many marine an

29、imals produce their young in the three plants?ATo handle climate change.BTo search for food.CTo look for room.DTo seek shelter.10What relationship do sea urchins and marine algae have?AInterdependent.BUnfriendly.CCooperative.DCompetitive.11What may be the indirect result of the oil run-off?AThe food

30、 web will be rebuilt.BThe sea plants will grow widely.CPeoples health will be under threat.DPeople will use chemicals to clean it up.【答案】8A9D10A11C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了海洋藻類(lèi)、海草和紅樹(shù)林對(duì)于海洋生物和海洋環(huán)境非常重要，然而它們面臨著很多的威脅。8細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In mankinds view, mangroves offer a safeguard against storms such as hurricane

31、s, protecting the inland areas where people live, especially in places like the coastlines of Florida and Louisiana.”（在人類(lèi)看來(lái)，紅樹(shù)林可以抵御颶風(fēng)等風(fēng)暴，保護(hù)人們居住的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，尤其是佛羅里達(dá)州和路易斯安那州的海岸線(xiàn)。）可知，紅樹(shù)林對(duì)佛羅里達(dá)州的人們意味著是他們的安全毯。故選A。9細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Marine algae, seagrass and mangroves play another vital role for many marine creatures-

32、that of a baby room. Many marine animals lay eggs in these areas because their young have a better chance of avoiding hunters while hidden in the plants.”（對(duì)于許多海洋生物來(lái)說(shuō)，海藻、海草和紅樹(shù)林扮演著嬰兒房的另一個(gè)重要角色。許多海洋動(dòng)物在這些區(qū)域產(chǎn)卵，因?yàn)樗鼈兊挠揍屉[藏在植物中時(shí)有更好的機(jī)會(huì)避開(kāi)獵人。）可知，許多海洋動(dòng)物會(huì)在這三種植物中繁殖后代是到這些地方來(lái)尋求庇護(hù)的。故選D。10推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Many animals re

33、ly on these plants as a main food source as well. Sea urchins (海膽) are just one example of some marine creatures that eat marine algae, keeping the algae from over-growth for its health.”（許多動(dòng)物也依賴(lài)這些植物作為主要食物來(lái)源。海膽只是一些食用海藻的海洋生物的一個(gè)例子，為了健康，海膽可以防止海藻過(guò)度生長(zhǎng)。）可知，海膽以海藻為食。與此同時(shí)，海膽能防止海藻過(guò)度生長(zhǎng)，以保持海藻的健康。由此可見(jiàn)，海膽和海藻之間有著相

34、互依賴(lài)的關(guān)系。故選A。11推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“When exposed to the oil and the chemicals used to clean up the run-off, the sea plants themselves are directly affected. But in addition, the marine animals that depend on these plants as food and shelter are also impacted, and the rest of the food web will feel the effect.

35、”（當(dāng)暴露在石油和用于清理徑流的化學(xué)品中時(shí)，海洋植物本身會(huì)受到直接影響。但除此之外，依賴(lài)這些植物作為食物和庇護(hù)所的海洋動(dòng)物也會(huì)受到影響，食物網(wǎng)的其他部分也會(huì)受到影響。）可知，石油泄露使海洋生態(tài)和食物鏈?zhǔn)艿接绊?，而這些也必然會(huì)影響到人類(lèi)的健康。故選C。Lithium-ion（鋰離子）batteries are the current front-runners for storing renewable energy, but their components can be expensive. Zinc（鋅）batteries are easier on the wallet and the

36、planet, but lab experiments are now pointing to ways around their primary drawback: They cant be recharged over and over for decades.The need for grid-scale（電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的）battery storage is growing as increasing amounts of solar, wind, and other renewable energy come online. This year, America is committed

37、to making the American electricity grid carbon-free by 2035. To even out dips in supply, much of that renewable power will have to be stored for hours or days, and then fed back into the grid. For California alone, it wants to deploy（部署）more than 8800 megawatts of rechargeable batteries by 2026, and

38、 last week, the governor of California proposed $350 million in state funding to develop long-duration energy storage technologies. “That trend will not go down. It will only continue to grow,” says Mark Baggio, vice president for business development at Zinc8 Energy Solutions, a zinc battery produc

39、er.“For power storage, Lithium-ion is the 800-pound gorilla,” says Michael Burz, CEO of EnZinc, a zinc battery startup, “but lithium, a relatively rare metal thats only mined in a handful of countries, is too scarce and expensive to back up the worlds grids. We need an alternative to lithium. Zinc b

40、atteries may be one of the options.”Non-rechargeable zinc batteries have been on the market for decades. More recently, some zinc rechargeable batteries have also been commercialized, but they tend to have limited energy storage capacity. Another technology, zinc flow cell batteries, is also making

41、big steps. But it requires more complex pumps and tanks to operate.So, researchers are now working to improve other varieties including zinc-air cells. They say although its urgent, there is a long way to go before they find a solution.12What do we know about grid-scale battery storage?AIt lacks fin

42、ancial support.BIt has crucial breakthroughs.CIt meets the public demands.DIts market is huge.13What is Michael Burzs attitude to zinc batteries for energy storage?ASkeptical.BSupportive.CConservative.DDisappointed.14What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Zinc batteries?ATheir improvements.BThei

43、r popularity.CTheir functions.DTheir disadvantages.15Which can be the best title for the text?ACarbon free: a long-term goal to achieveBZinc batteries: a possible solution to power storageCRenewable energy: the unlimited resource of powerDLithium-ion batteries: the front-runners for storing energy【答

44、案】12D13B14D15B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。鋰離子電池是目前貯存可再生能源的領(lǐng)跑者，但它的造價(jià)很高。鋅電池造價(jià)低且分布更廣，但它卻不能長(zhǎng)期地反復(fù)充電。因此，研究人員急需研發(fā)可信賴(lài)的可再生能源貯存技術(shù)。12細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The need for grid-scale（電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的）battery storage is growing as increasing amounts of solar, wind, and other renewable energy come online. (隨著越來(lái)越多的太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和其他可再生能源投入使用，對(duì)電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的電池存儲(chǔ)的需求也在

45、增長(zhǎng)。)”可知，電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的電池貯存有著巨大的市場(chǎng)。故選D。13推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“We need an alternative to lithium. Zinc batteries may be one of the options.( 我們需要鋰的替代品。鋅電池可能是一種選擇。)”可知，Michael Burz認(rèn)為鋅電池是代替鋰離子電池的選擇之一，可推斷他對(duì)于鋅電池在貯存能源方面持支持態(tài)度。故選B。14主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“More recently, some zinc rechargeable batteries have also been commercialized, but

46、 they tend to have limited energy storage capacity.(最近，一些鋅充電電池也已經(jīng)商業(yè)化，但它們往往有有限的能量存儲(chǔ)能力。)”可知，本段主要講了鋅電池的一些缺點(diǎn)。故選D。15主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要介紹鑒于目前貯存可再生能源技術(shù)存在缺陷，鋅電池有可能解決能源貯存的問(wèn)題。所以“Zinc batteries: a possible solution to power storage(鋅電池：一種可能的電力存儲(chǔ)解決方案)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。二、七選五Usually, you spend most of your time at h

47、ome. _16_ However, with all the smells a home experiences, such as those created by cooking, people and pets, keeping it smelling good is often a difficult task. A bad-smelling home is not only unpleasant to visit, but gives the impression that your home is also unclean, which isnt always the case.

48、Fortunately, you can keep your home smelling fresh and clean with a few techniques._17_ Additionally, pick up any objects from the floor, such as clothing or towels, and place them in the box. Wash your dishes daily, which will keep your home smelling fresh.Dust the objects in your home once weekly.

49、 Rub a soft cloth over your television and top of furniture to remove the dusty layer. Use a polishing spray for extra shine.Wash your bedclothes on a weekly basis. Sheets, blankets and pillow cases often hold germs, which cause a smell to occur. So wash them regularly. _18_ Bathe your dog and its b

50、edding regularly. A dogs smell can transmit from the animal to your floors, furniture and bedclothes. Wash the dog to prevent smells, as well as dirt, mud and other materials from being transferred from your dog to your items in your home. _19_ Brushing daily can also release smells and materials th

51、at can cause the dog to create a foul smell in your home.Shampoo（用洗滌劑洗）your carpets. _20_ So the dirty carpets can make your entire home smell not-so-fresh. Cleaning carpets can remove any trapped smells as well.AMost dogs like having a bath.BWipe down your kitchen daily.CYou find your home is alway

52、s in a mess.DSmells often become trapped in the material.EMost dogs benefit from an once-a-week bath.FObviously, its worthwhile to spend time on them.GIt is certain that you want a home which smells fresh.【答案】16G17B18F19E20D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些使家里保持干凈和氣味清新的措施。16根據(jù)前一句“Usually, you spend most of

53、your time at home.（通常，你的大部分時(shí)間都是在家里度過(guò)的）”可知，待在家里的時(shí)候肯定想要一個(gè)整潔的環(huán)境和聞起來(lái)清新的家。G項(xiàng)“你肯定想要有一個(gè)聞起來(lái)清新的家”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。17根據(jù)空后“Additionally, pick up any objects from the floor, such as clothing or towels, and place them in the box. Wash your dishes daily, which will keep your home smelling fresh.（此外，從地板上撿起任何物品，如衣服或毛巾，并將其放

54、入盒子中。每天洗碗，這會(huì)讓你的家保持清新。）”可知，本段主要講述怎么做才能保持家里清新整潔的具體措施，B項(xiàng)“每天打掃廚房”也是具體的舉措之一，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。18根據(jù)前文“Wash your bedclothes on a weekly basis.（每周洗一次床上用品。）”可知，每周洗一次床上用品也是保持家里整潔清新的必要措施，所以花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間也是必要的。F項(xiàng)“顯然，花時(shí)間在這些問(wèn)題上是值得的。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。19根據(jù)前文“Bathe your dog and its bedding regularly.（定期給你的狗和它的被褥洗澡。）”可知，保持家里清新的必要措施是給狗和它的被褥洗澡

55、，E項(xiàng)中的Most dogs呼應(yīng)本文中的主題?！癰enefit from an once-a-week bath（從每周的洗澡中受益）”能夠承接下文，講述了給狗洗澡的好處。故選E。20根據(jù)“Shampoo（用洗滌劑洗）your carpets.（用洗滌劑清洗地毯）”可知，本段講述為什么要清洗地毯，D項(xiàng)的the material指的是carpets，以及空后“So the dirty carpets can make your entire home smell not-so-fresh.（所以臟地毯會(huì)讓你的整個(gè)家聞起來(lái)不那么清新。）”可知，難聞的氣味會(huì)藏在毛毯下，D項(xiàng)能夠承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故

56、選D。三、完形填空Life was simpler when I was a child. There were no computers, mobile telephones, or what we would consider _21_ technology. The same could be said for Durham, North Carolina, where I grew up. I am going to take you back to a(n) _22_ Sunday when I was a kid.My grandma was the mother of the h

57、ousehold. “Chris,” she would _23_, waking me up at the crack of dawn so I could get ready for a community _24_. I rolled out of bed, opening my eyes to the _25_ shining into my room. Opening my closet (壁櫥), I _26_ my Sunday best. Even though it was still warm, I threw on my trousers and _27_ my shoe

58、s.After the gathering, I _28_ across the road to find Marc, my best friend. We ran into the _29_. I hid from Marc, hoping he would not find me. I listened _30_ to his footsteps, making them out as he walked on the orange and red leaves.When I got home, my grandma was not at all _31_ at the dirt on m

59、y face. After my _32_, I set the table for our special dinner of fried chicken. Soon after, I lay down in my room, _33_ myself with a blanket, quietly thinking what would happen the next day.Nowadays, although I live in a big city, I always _34_ Im still 12 years old. I always thank the _35_ years f

60、or giving me so much.21AusefulBspecialCmodernDpractical22AhistoricBtraditionalCoriginalDtypical23ArespondBscreamCinterruptDscold24AgameBperformanceCgatheringDinterview25AsunriseBlightningCflashDlamp26Apicked outBpointed outCcarried outDleft out27AboughtBshinedCstoredDchecked28AcameBrolledCboundedDgo