氣象專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、 主題詞表EnglishChinese01.大氣atmosphericscience大氣科學(xué)meteorology氣象學(xué)theoreticalmeteorology理論氣象學(xué)mesometeorology中尺度氣象學(xué)micrometeorology微氣象學(xué)physicalmeteorology物理氣象學(xué)atmosphere大氣evolutionofatmosphere大氣演化atmosphericimpurity大氣雜質(zhì)atmosphericsuspendedmatter大氣懸浮物atmosphericdiffusion大氣擴(kuò)散atmosphericcomposition大氣成分atmosph

2、ericion大氣離子atmosphericmass大氣質(zhì)量airquality大氣品位atmosphericdensity大氣密度atmosphericsubdivision大氣分層homosphere均質(zhì)層heterosphere非均質(zhì)層homopause均質(zhì)層頂significantlevel特性層standardpressurelevel標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層isothermallayer等溫層loweratmosphere低層大氣middleatmosphere中層大氣upperatmosphere高層大氣troposphere對流層tropopause對流層頂stratosphere平流層stra

3、topause平流層頂mesosphere中間層mesopause中間層頂thermosphere熱層exosphere外逸層ionosphere電離層magnetosphere磁層magnetopause磁層頂chemosphere光化層chemopause光化層頂ozonosphere臭氧層freeatmosphere自由大氣planetaryatmosphere行星大氣standardatmosphere（referenceatmosphere）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣（參考大氣）homogeneousatmosphere均質(zhì)大氣isothermalatmosphere等溫大氣polytropicatm

4、osphere多元大氣scaleheight大氣標(biāo)高meteorologicalelement氣象要素airtemperature氣溫wet-bulbtemperature濕球溫度dry-bulbtemperature干球溫度temperatureprofile溫度廓線atmosphericpressure氣壓standardatmospherepressure標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓stationpressure本站氣壓sea-levelpressure海平面氣壓pressuregradient氣壓梯度barometricheightformula壓高公式pressuregradientforce氣壓梯度

5、力Coriolisforce科里奧利力watervapor水蒸汽transferofwatervapor水汽輸送watervaporprofile水汽廓線watervaporpressure水汽壓humidity濕度relativehumidity相對濕度absolutehumidity絕對濕度specifichumidity比濕mixingratio混合比dewpointtemperature露點（溫度）depressionofthedewpoint（溫度）露點差super-saturatedair過飽和空氣saturationspecifichumidity飽和比濕saturationva

6、porpressure飽和水汽壓psychrometricformula測濕公式saturationdeficit飽和差internationalcloudatlas國際云圖cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudbase云底cloudtop云頂cloudceiling云冪cloudamount云量totalcloudcover總云量cloudwithverticaldevelopment直展云cloudheight云高cloudgenera云屬cloudetage云族cloudspecies云種cloudvariety云類cloudform云

7、狀cirrus,Ci卷云cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云cirrusuncinus,Ciunc鉤卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷層云cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷層云cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷層云cirrocumulus,Cc卷積云altocumulus,Ac高積云altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高積云altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高積云altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen莢狀高積云altocumulu

8、scumulogenitus,Accug積云性高積云altocumulusfloccus絮狀高積云altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡狀高積云altostratus,As高層云altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高層云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高層云cumulus,Cu積云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡積云cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展積云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎積云cumuluscongestus,Cucon濃積云cumulonimbus,Cb積雨云cumulonimbusca

9、lvus,Cbcal禿積雨云cumulonimbuscapillatus,Cbcap鬃積雨云stratocumulus,Sc層積云stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光層積云stratocumulusopacus,Scop蔽光層積云stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug積云性層積云stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡狀層積云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen莢狀層積云stratus,St層云stratusfractus,Stfra碎層云nimbostratus,Ns雨層云stratifor

10、mcloud層狀云cumuliformcloud積狀云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaoticsky混亂天空coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云watercloud水云hailcloud冰雹云wind風(fēng)winddirection風(fēng)向windspeed,windvelocity風(fēng)速maximumwindspeed最大風(fēng)速extremewindspeed極大風(fēng)速windspeedprofile風(fēng)速廓線horizontalwindvector水平風(fēng)矢量windforce風(fēng)力windforcescale風(fēng)級Beaufortwindscale蒲福風(fēng)級calm0級風(fēng)

11、lightair1級風(fēng)lightbreeze2級風(fēng)gentlebreeze3級風(fēng)moderatebreeze4級風(fēng)freshbreeze5級風(fēng)strongbreeze6級風(fēng)neargale7級風(fēng)gale8級風(fēng)stronggale9級風(fēng)storm10級風(fēng)violentstorm11級風(fēng)hurricane12級風(fēng)gust陣風(fēng)localwind地方性風(fēng)surfacewind地面風(fēng)foehn焚風(fēng)mountain-valleybreeze山谷風(fēng)sea-landbreeze海陸風(fēng)on-shorewind向岸風(fēng)off-shorewind離岸風(fēng)gorgewind峽谷風(fēng)slopewind坡風(fēng)glacierbre

12、eze冰川風(fēng)drainagewind流泄風(fēng)visibility能見度effectivevisibility有效能見度visualrangeoflight燈光能見距離surfacevisibility地面能見度horizontalvisibility水平能見度verticalvisibility垂直能見度slantvisibility傾斜能見度meteor大氣現(xiàn)象weatherphenomenon天氣現(xiàn)象clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast陰天blueofthesky天空藍(lán)度apparentformofthesky天穹形狀stateofground地面

13、狀態(tài)skycondition天空狀況precipitation降水a(chǎn)mountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水強(qiáng)度showeryprecipitation陣性降水convectiveprecipitation對流性降水non-convectiveprecipitation非對流性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨rainvirga雨幡raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfallamount雨量continuousprecipitation連續(xù)性降水intermi

14、ttentprecipitation間歇性降水showeryrain陣雨freezingrain凍雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm風(fēng)暴sandstorm,duststorm沙塵暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾hazealoft高空霾dust浮塵blowingsand高吹沙driftingsand低吹沙dew露frost霜frostpoint霜點firstfrost初霜latestfrost終霜tornado龍卷

15、dustdevil塵卷風(fēng)squall颮丿一|二snow雪snowvirga雪幡sleet雨夾雪showerysnow陣雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花.、J/一snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴drivensnow吹雪driftingsnow低吹雪blowingsnow高吹雪snowcover積雪snowfallamount雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing積冰wireicing電線積冰hail冰雹hailstone雹塊icepellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷陣雨orographicthun

16、derstorm地形雷暴thunderstormcell雷暴單體atmospherics天電lightning閃電lightningchannel閃電通道forkedlightning叉狀閃電sheetlightning片狀閃電balllightning球狀閃電streaklightning條狀閃電pearl-necklacelightning串珠狀閃電fog霧mist輕霧wetfog濕霧seafog海霧icefog冰霧frontalfog鋒面霧advectionfog平流霧radiationfog輻射霧advection-radiationfog平流輻射霧mixingfog混合霧evapor

17、ationfog蒸發(fā)霧supercooledfog過冷卻霧groundfog地面霧upslopefog上坡霧air-massfog氣團(tuán)霧tropicalairfog熱帶氣團(tuán)霧rime霧凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照時數(shù)durationofpossiblesunshine可照時數(shù)02.大氣探測atmosphericsoundingandobserving大氣探測meteorologicalobservation氣象觀測synopticobservation天氣觀測synoptichour天氣觀測時間principalsyn

18、opticobservation基本天氣觀測intermediatesynopticobservation輔助天氣觀測surfaceobservation地面觀測visualobservation目測backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染觀測fieldobservation外場觀測conventionalobservation常規(guī)觀測non-conventionalobservation非常規(guī)觀測shipobservation船舶觀測fixedpointobservation定點觀測space-basedobservation空基觀測ground-basedobs

19、ervation地基觀測mountainobservation山地觀測sounding探空upperairobservation高空觀測auxiliaryshipobservation,ASO輔助船舶觀測aircraftsounding飛機(jī)探測rocketsounding火箭探測radiosounding無線電探空captiveballoonsounding系留氣球探測pilotballoonobservation測風(fēng)氣球觀測radiowindobservation無線電測風(fēng)觀測standardtimeofobservation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)觀測時間actualtimeofobservation實際觀測

20、時間observationalfrequency觀測次數(shù)observationalerror觀測誤差supplementaryobservation補(bǔ)充觀測autographicrecords自記記錄surfacedata地面資料upperairdata高空資料barometerlevel氣壓表高度pressurereduction氣壓換算barometriccorrection氣壓訂正internationalsynopticcode國際天氣電碼networkofmeteorologicalstation氣象臺站網(wǎng)observationsite觀測場meteorologicalplatfor

21、m氣象觀測平臺oceanweatherstation海洋氣象站fixedshipstation固定船舶站mobileshipstation移動船舶站mountainobservationstation高山觀測站automaticmeteorologicalstation自動氣象站meteorologicalinstrument氣象儀器screen,instrumentshelter百葉箱thermometer溫度表telethermometer遙測溫度表thermograph溫度計geothermometer地溫表surfacegeothermometer地面溫度表anglegeothermo

22、meter曲管地溫表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地溫表grassthermometer草溫表maximumthermometer最高溫度表minimumthermometer最低溫度表mercurythermometer水銀溫度表Lyman-ahygrometer萊曼-a濕度表bimetallicthermograph雙金屬片溫度計barograph氣壓計aneroidbarograph空盒氣壓計mountainbarograph高山氣壓計barometer氣壓表aneroidbarometer空盒氣壓表ship-barometer船用氣壓表mountainbarome

23、ter高山氣壓表pressurealtimeter氣壓測高表normalbarometer標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓表nationalstandardbarometer國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓表regionalstandardbarometer區(qū)域標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓表absolutestandardbarometer絕對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓表microbarograph微壓計mercurybarometer水銀氣壓表Fortinbarometer福丁氣壓表Kewpatternbarometer寇烏氣壓表hygrograph濕度計hygrometer濕度表psychrometer干濕表aspiratedpsychrometer通風(fēng)干濕表stand

24、ardaspiratedpsychrometer標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通風(fēng)干濕表whirlingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer手搖干濕表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干濕表dew-pointhygrometer露點濕度表hairhygrometer毛發(fā)濕度表hairhygrograph毛發(fā)濕度計blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球溫度表barothermograph氣壓溫度計dry-bulbthermometer干球溫度表wet-bulbthermometer濕球溫度表sunshinerecorder日照計Jordansunshinereco

25、rder喬唐日照計Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培爾-司托克日照計pyrheliometer直接輻射表pyranometer總輻射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空輻射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer凈輻射表pilot-balloonplottingboard測風(fēng)繪圖板hail-rainseparator雹雨分離器evaporograph蒸發(fā)計evaporationpan小型蒸發(fā)器evaporationtank大型蒸發(fā)器standardpan標(biāo)準(zhǔn)蒸發(fā)器ceilingprojector云冪燈visibilitymete

26、r,visiometer能見度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量計accumulativeraingauge累計雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗式雨量計electricconductivityraingauge水導(dǎo)式雨量計siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸式雨量計rainfallintensityrecorder雨強(qiáng)計telemeteringpluviograph遙測雨量計windvane風(fēng)向標(biāo)anemometer風(fēng)速表contactanemometer電接風(fēng)速表cupanemometer轉(zhuǎn)杯風(fēng)速表pr

27、opelleranemometer螺旋槳式風(fēng)速表anemorumbometer風(fēng)向風(fēng)速表hot-wireanemometer熱線風(fēng)速表strongwindanemograph強(qiáng)風(fēng)儀navaidwind-finding導(dǎo)航測風(fēng)laserceilometer激光云冪儀anemograph風(fēng)速計radiotheodolite無線電經(jīng)緯儀aerologicaltheodolite測風(fēng)經(jīng)緯儀radiosonde無線電探空儀dropsonde下投式探空儀constantlevelballoon定高氣球ultrasonicanemometer超聲測風(fēng)儀ceilingballoon云冪氣球meteorolog

28、icalaircraft氣象飛機(jī)snowscale,snowdepthscale量雪尺weightingsnow-gauge稱雪器drosometer,dewgauge測露表frozensoilapparatus凍土器sonde探空儀profiler廓線儀meteorologicalrocket氣象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天氣雷達(dá)meteorologicalradar氣象雷達(dá)lidar激光雷達(dá)sodar,acousticradar聲雷達(dá)Dopplerradar多普勒天氣雷達(dá)incoherentradar非相干雷達(dá)radarnetworkcomposite

29、雷達(dá)組網(wǎng)radarsounding雷達(dá)探空windfindingradar測風(fēng)雷達(dá)Dopplersodar多普勒聲達(dá)Dopplerlidar多普勒激光雷達(dá)MSTradarMST雷達(dá)UHFDopplerradar超高頻雷達(dá)VHFradar甚高頻雷達(dá)coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相干存儲濾波器radarrainfallintegrator雷達(dá)雨量積分器rangevelocitydisplay,RVD距離速度顯示velocityazimuthdisplay,VAD速度方位顯示constantaltitudeplanpositionindicator,CAPPI等高平面位置顯示器pl

30、anpostionindicator,PPI平面位置顯示器planshearindicator,PSI平面切變顯示器velocityazimuthrangedisplay,VARD速度方位距離顯示radarsonde雷達(dá)測風(fēng)儀atmosphericremotesensing大氣遙感inversetechnique反演法temperatureretrieval溫度反演inversionofsatellitesounding衛(wèi)星探測反演meteorologicalsatellite氣象衛(wèi)星NIMBUS雨云衛(wèi)星NOAA諾阿衛(wèi)星polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite

31、極軌氣象衛(wèi)星TIROS泰羅斯衛(wèi)星TIROS-N泰羅斯-N衛(wèi)星ESSA艾薩衛(wèi)星ITOS艾托斯衛(wèi)星geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS地球靜止氣象衛(wèi)星meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation氣象衛(wèi)星地面站microwaveradiometer微波輻射儀highresolutioninterferometricsounder高分辨率干涉探測器highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,HRIRS高分辨率紅外輻射探測器scanningradiometer,SR掃描輻射儀veryhighreso

32、lutionradiometer,VHRR甚高分辨率輻射儀verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer溫度垂直廓線輻射儀datacollectionplatform,DCP資料收集平臺automaticpicturetransmission,APT自動圖象傳輸highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT高分辨率圖象傳輸highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX高分辨率云圖傳真lowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX低分辨率云圖傳真delaypicturetransmission,DPT延時圖象傳輸d

33、irectread-outgroundstation直讀式地面站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX天氣圖傳真synopticdata天氣資料non-synopticdata非天氣資料realtimedata實時資料non-realtimedata非實時資料stretcheddata時展資料sub-satellitepoint衛(wèi)星星下點temporalresolution時間分辨率spatialresolution空間分辨率fullresolution全分辨率radiationtransferequation輻射傳輸方程atmospherictransmissionmodel大氣傳輸模

34、式03.大氣物理學(xué)atmosphericphysics大氣物理學(xué)cloudphysics云物理學(xué)precipitationphysics降水物理學(xué)clouddynamics云動力學(xué)middleatmosphericphysics中層大氣物理學(xué)aeronomy高空大氣學(xué)aerology高空氣象學(xué)radiometeorology無線電氣象學(xué)boundarylayermeteorology邊界層氣象學(xué)boundarylayerclimate邊界層氣候atmosphericboundarylayer大氣邊界層air-seainterface海氣界面air-seaexchange海氣交換tracerdi

35、ffusionexperiment示蹤擴(kuò)散實驗surfacelayer近地層surfaceroughness地面粗糙度atmosphericduct大氣波導(dǎo)advection平流convection對流freeconvection自由對流forcedconvection強(qiáng)迫對流convectioncell對流單體Benardcell貝納胞Benardconvection貝納對流convectionmodel對流模式updraught上曳氣流downdraught下曳氣流transitionalflow過渡氣流drydeposition干沉降wetdeposition濕沉降aerosol氣溶膠a

36、erosolparticlesizedistribution氣溶膠粒子譜aqueousaerosol濕氣溶膠stratosphericaerosol平流層氣溶膠hailgenerationzone冰雹生成區(qū)conicalhail錐形冰雹hailembryo雹核haillobe雹瓣hailpellet雹粒cumulonimbusmodel積雨云模式condensationprocess凝結(jié)過程cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝結(jié)核artificialnucleation人工成核作用cloudtoptemperature云頂溫度ice-watermixedcloud冰水混合

37、云cloudstructure云結(jié)構(gòu)cloudparticlesampler云滴采樣器clouddroplet-sizedistribution云滴譜clouddropletcollector云滴譜儀raindropsizedistribution雨滴譜drop-sizedistributionparameter滴譜參數(shù)disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴譜儀fog-drop霧滴clouddroplet云滴supercooledclouddroplet過冷云滴dropspectrum滴譜collision碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶ice

38、needle冰針icenucleus冰核icepoint冰點condensation凝結(jié)evaporation蒸發(fā)potentialevaporation潛在蒸發(fā)solidification凝固deposition凝華sublimation升華freezing凍結(jié)freezingnucleus凍結(jié)核condensationnucleus凝結(jié)核saltnucleus鹽核cloudchamber云室combustionnucleus燃燒核depositionnucleus凝華核weathermodification人工影響天氣targetarea目標(biāo)區(qū)clouddissipation消云salt-

39、seeding鹽粉播撒frostprevention防霜cloudseeding播云cloudseedingagent播云劑artificialprecipitation人工降水hailsuppression防雹fogdissipation消霧dynamiccloudseeding動力播云radarmeteorology雷達(dá)氣象學(xué)meteorologicalradarequation氣象雷達(dá)方程radarmeteorologicalobservation雷達(dá)氣象觀測radarreflectivityfactor雷達(dá)反射率因子radarequivalentreflectivityfactor雷達(dá)

40、等效反射率因子weatherecho天氣回波cloudecho云回波echowall回波墻superrefractionecho超折射回波secondtripecho二次回波incoherentecho非相干回波coherentecho相干回波groundecho地物回波clearairecho晴空回波convectiveecho對流回波whirlingecho渦旋狀回波spiralrain-bandecho螺旋雨帶回波layeredecho層狀回波bandedecho帶狀回波hookecho鉤狀回波weakechovault弱回波穹窿precipitationecho降水回波angelech

41、o異?；夭╡levatedecho雨幡回波cellecho單體回波supercell超級單體multiple-cellecho多單體回波echocomplex回波復(fù)合體cloudtopheight,CTH云頂高度echodepth回波厚度echocharacter回波特征echoanalysis回波分析echodistortion回波畸變radarreflectivity雷達(dá)反射率superrefraction超折射negativerefraction負(fù)折射troposphericrefraction對流層折射beamfillingcoefficient波束充塞系數(shù)rangebin距離庫ran

42、geaveraging距離平均azimuthaveraging方位平均rangeresolution距離分辨率azimuthresolution方位角分辨率numberofrangesamples距離采樣數(shù)coherent-videosignal相干視頻信號quantizedsignal量化信號depolarizationratio退偏振比rotationband轉(zhuǎn)動譜帶Dopplervelocity多普勒速度rangeambiguity距離模糊maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊距離velocityambiguity速度模糊realtimedisplay實時顯示patte

43、rnrecognitiontechnique圖形識別技術(shù)trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷達(dá)回波相關(guān)跟蹤法thunderstormmonitoring雷暴監(jiān)測grayscale灰色標(biāo)度cloudattenuation云衰減precipitationattenuation降水衰減rangeattenuation距離衰減echosyntheticchart回波綜合圖iso-echocontour等回波線normalizedechointensity歸一化回波強(qiáng)度isolatedcell孤立單體weakcell弱單體satellitemeteorology衛(wèi)

44、星氣象學(xué)satellitesounding衛(wèi)星探測cloudcluster云團(tuán)satellitecloudpicture衛(wèi)星云圖sectorizedcloudpicture分區(qū)云圖picturemosaic拼圖imageprocessing圖象處理distortioncorrection畸變校正infraredcloudpicture紅外云圖visiblecloudpicture可見光云圖nulti-spectralimage,MSI多波段圖象microwaveimage微波圖象imageresolution圖象分辨率digitizedcloudmap數(shù)字化云圖enhancedcloudpic

45、ture增強(qiáng)云圖false-colorcloudpicture假彩色云圖pseudo-colorcloudpicture偽彩色云圖full-disccloudpicture全景圓盤云圖nephanalysis云層分析圖brightnesstemperature亮度溫度cloudcoverage云覆蓋區(qū)cloudstreet云街cloudline云線spiralcloudband螺旋云帶monsooncloudcluster季風(fēng)云團(tuán)tropicalcloudcluster熱帶云團(tuán)squallcloud颮線云shieldcloud盾狀云opencloudcells開口型細(xì)胞狀云closecloud

46、cells封閉型細(xì)胞狀云cellularpattern細(xì)胞狀云cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗點云系bandedcloudsystem帶狀云系vortexcloudsystem渦旋云系jetstreamcloudsystem急流云系satellitederivedwind衛(wèi)星云跡風(fēng)satellitecloudpictureanalysis衛(wèi)星云圖分析limbscanningmethod臨邊掃描法limbretrieval臨邊反演occultationmethod掩星法backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外輻射后向散射法linearinve

47、rsion線性反演watervaporretrieval水汽反演humidityretrieval濕度反演limbbrightening臨邊增亮limbdarkening臨邊變暗sunglint日照亮斑atmosphericradiation大氣輻射solarradiation太陽輻射solarconstant太陽常數(shù)monochromaticradiation單色輻射outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外長波輻射visiblelight可見光radiationbalance輻射平衡globalradiation總輻射directradiation直接輻射effect

48、iveradiation有效輻射scatteredradiation散射輻射diffuseradiation漫射輻射skyradiation天空輻射upwardtatalradiation向上全輻射downwardtotalradiation向下全輻射incomingradiation入射輻射equivalentclearcolumnradiance等效晴空輻射率atmospherictransmissivity大氣透射率VanAllenradiationbelt范艾倫輻射帶albedooftheearth-atmospheresystem地氣系統(tǒng)反照率albedoofunderlyingsu

49、rface下墊面反照率earthradiationbelt地球輻射帶nocturnalradiation夜間輻射atmosphericcounterradiation大氣逆輻射radiance輻射率irradiation輻照irradiance輻照度reflectedradiation反射輻射albedo反照率bandmodel帶模式statisticalbandmodel統(tǒng)計帶模式regularbandmodel規(guī)則帶模式randomElsasserbandmodel隨機(jī)愛爾沙色帶模式strong-lineapproximation強(qiáng)線近似weak-lineapproximation弱線近似

50、planetarytemperature行星溫度atmosphericattenuation大氣衰減atmosphericabsorption大氣吸收atmosphericwindow大氣窗atmosphericabsorptivity大氣吸收率non-scatteringatmosphere無散射大氣extinctioncoefficient消光系數(shù)atmosphericradioactivity大氣放射性atmosphericoptics大氣光學(xué)atmosphericopticalspectrum大氣光譜atmosphericrefraction大氣折射atmosphericoptical

51、mass大氣光學(xué)質(zhì)量primaryscattering一次散射Miescattering米散射multiplescattering多次散射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射volumescatteringfunction體散射函數(shù)forwardscattering前向散射backscattering后向散射scatteringcross-section散射截面backscatteringcross-section后向散射截面one-wayattenuation單程衰減two-wayattenuation雙程衰減scatteringcoefficient散射系數(shù)attenuationc

52、oefficient衰減系數(shù)attenuationcross-section衰減截面absorptioncross-section吸收截面atmosphericpolarization大氣偏振night-skylight夜天光skybrightness,skyluminance天空亮度atmosphericopticalthickness,atmosphericopticaldepth大氣光學(xué)厚度atmospherictransparency大氣透明度atmosphericopticalphenomena大氣光學(xué)現(xiàn)象atmosphericturbidity大氣渾濁度turbidityfacto

53、r渾濁因子mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光auroraaustralis南極光auroraborealis北極光anthelion反日parhelion假日paraselene假月46halo46度暈22halo22度暈solarhalo日暈lunarhalo月暈solarcorona日華lunarcorona月華rainbow虹secondaryrainbow霓halo暈corona華twilightcolors霞airglow氣輝aurora極光glory寶光環(huán)atmosphericelectricity大氣電學(xué)fairweatherelectricfield晴天電場airdisch

54、arge空中放電cloud-to-clouddischarge,interclouddischarge云標(biāo)放電clouddischarge云放電cloud-to-grounddischarge云地間放電ionosphericstorm電離層暴ionosphericsuddendisturbance電離層突擾magneticstorm磁暴atmosphericelectricconductivity大氣電導(dǎo)率atmosphericacoustics大氣聲學(xué)acousticsounding聲學(xué)探測04.大氣化學(xué)atmosphericchemistry大氣化學(xué)atmosphericphotochem

55、istry大氣光化學(xué)atmosphericphotolysis大氣光解作用atmosphericozone大氣臭氧atmospherictracegas大氣痕量氣體photochemicalreaction光化反應(yīng)photochemicalsmog光化煙霧precipitationchemistry降水化學(xué)thresholdtemperatureoficenucleation成冰閾溫05.動力氣象學(xué)dynamicmeteorology動力氣象學(xué)atmosphericthermodynamics大氣熱力學(xué)sensibleheat感熱latentheat潛熱reversibleadiabaticp

56、rocess可逆絕熱過程irreversibleadiabaticprocess不可逆絕熱過程、/*、/冃moistureinversion逆濕thermodynamicequation熱力學(xué)方程temperatureinversion逆溫turbulenceinversion湍流逆溫surfaceinversion地面逆溫radiationinversion輻射逆溫cappinginversion覆蓋逆溫subsidenceinversion下沉逆溫frontalinversion鋒面逆溫inversionlayer逆溫層isentropicchart等熵面圖tephigram溫熵圖T-ln

57、pdiagram溫度-對數(shù)壓力圖temperaturegradient溫度梯度temperatureadvection溫度平流adiabaticascending絕熱上升adiabaticsinking絕熱下沉adiabaticcooling絕熱冷卻adiabaticheating絕熱增溫pseudo-adiabaticprocess假絕熱過程diabaticprocess非絕熱過程convectivecondensationlevel,CCL對流凝結(jié)_.高度mixingcondensationlevel混合凝結(jié)高度temperaturelapserate氣溫直減率dryadiabaticla

58、pserate干絕熱直減率moistadiabaticlapserate濕絕熱直減率condensationlevel,CL凝結(jié)高度condensationefficiency凝結(jié)效率thermalstratification熱力層結(jié)equivalenttemperature相當(dāng)溫度virtualtemperature虛溫dryadiabaticprocess干絕熱過程moistadiabaticprocess濕絕熱過程adiabaticdiagram絕熱圖pseudo-adiabaticdiagram假絕熱圖pseudo-adiabaticlapserate假絕熱直減率potentialte

59、mperature位溫pseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperature假相當(dāng)位溫wet-bulbpotentialtemperature濕球位溫wet-bulbpseudopotentialtemperature假濕球位溫wet-bulbpseudo-temperature假濕球溫度atmosphericdynamics大氣動力學(xué)equationofmotion運(yùn)動方程continuityequation連續(xù)方程equationofstate狀態(tài)方程vorticityequation渦度方程divergenceequation散度方程hydrostaticequati

60、on流體靜力方程-equationro方程perturbationequation擾動方程thermalwindequation熱成風(fēng)方程moistureconservationequation水汽守恒方程advectiveequation平流方程balanceequation平衡方程baroclinicprocess斜壓過程Reynoldsstress雷諾應(yīng)力meteorologicalwindtunnel氣象風(fēng)洞equivalentbarotropicatmosphere相當(dāng)正壓大氣hydrostaticadjustmentprocess靜力適應(yīng)過程geostrophicadjustmen