定語(yǔ)從句講解PPT圖表

1、 定語(yǔ)從句The best way you can get The Attributive Clause1基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 2Complex sentence 復(fù)合句：由連詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分（主句），另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分（如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)）。復(fù)合句 =主句+定語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分（主句）另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分（定語(yǔ)）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)主句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)

2、構(gòu)3定語(yǔ)從句：是指在復(fù)合句中，修飾 或 的從句.被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“ ”.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“ ” 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 名詞代詞先行詞關(guān)系詞4How many kinds of Attributive Clauses are there?基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 5定語(yǔ)從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語(yǔ)從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 6引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞指代人 指代事物 所屬關(guān)系 指地點(diǎn) 指時(shí)間 指原因 who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，of whichwhe

3、rewhenwhy關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 7Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)8Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)a machinethe machine9Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane i

4、s can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)a machinethat /which10關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. 11關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl12關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yest

5、erday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl13關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl14關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl15關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following s

6、entences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl16關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl17關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mar

7、y.herThe girl18關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl注意避免重復(fù)19Correct the mistakes1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. This

8、is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. whomwhoseitwho20在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。 定語(yǔ)從句還叫做嵌入句，因形容詞定語(yǔ)，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。Attributive clause:定語(yǔ)從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))，whom(賓語(yǔ))，that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)), whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓

9、語(yǔ)),which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))where (地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))when (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))why (原因狀語(yǔ))21Attributive clause:限制性定語(yǔ)從句 restrictive非限制性定語(yǔ)從句non-restrictive是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切， 寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加說(shuō)明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句， 寫(xiě)時(shí)往往逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。I was the only person who was invited.in my officeJenny, with who

10、m I played table tennisyesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school. 注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that，指人時(shí)用who(主語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ))，指物時(shí)須用which.22考點(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞1、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。I will

11、 never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _ (you pr

12、actise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.）_where232、如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物 動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞?？键c(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the

13、 earthquake.which that /_Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen243、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctobe

14、r 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that考點(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞25考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇 (1) that指物時(shí)一般可以與which互換，但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which。 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, few,

15、none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時(shí)： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me

16、.26考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.先行詞被the only, the very, the last 修飾時(shí)。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行

17、詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引導(dǎo)。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.27先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who, which, what 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導(dǎo)。考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What tha

18、t is on the table belongs to me? 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 28Which可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that

19、2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇（2）只用which的情況 B B 29考點(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納： 1、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Gramm

20、ar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2、如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用as而不用which引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句。如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.As we all know, the earth is round.303.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent yo

21、u yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有“正如”之意，而which沒(méi)有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.考點(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.315. as在從句中作

22、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.6.如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, w

23、hich made his mother worried.考點(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句32考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in whic

24、h the P.R.C. was founded.334.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the

25、 south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定34關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in wh

26、ich) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定35思考？是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard)

27、was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep

28、) was very boring.結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。36Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉)the one_to_which5. The s

29、tudents and things which you spoke of are known to us._that375.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is the one of the best films which have been s

30、hown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_As38能力提高39Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.3. July 1,1999 i

31、s the day when well never forget.tothat404. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.5. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.whichwhoCorrect the sentences:416.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.7. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonab

32、le.thatwhyCorrect the sentences:428. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. givesCorrect the sentences:439. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.10.The bike by which I travelled was his.asonCorrect the sentences:44練習(xí)題1、All_ is useful to u

33、s is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC452、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD463、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC474、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD485、This is the very fact

34、ory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA496、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB507、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB518、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、which