初中英語名詞專項講解

1、 /7名詞一導(dǎo)入：有一天，一只老鐘對一只小鐘說：“你一年里要擺525600下啦?！毙＄妵槈牧耍f“哇，這么多，這怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”這時候，另一只老鐘笑著說：“不用怕，你只需一秒鐘擺一下，每一秒堅持下來就可以了?！毙＄姼吲d了，想著：一秒鐘擺一下好像并不難啊，試試看吧。果然，很輕松地就擺了一下。不知不覺一年過去了，小鐘已經(jīng)擺了525600下！很簡單的故事，卻寓意著深刻的道理，當我們面對大困難的時候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根據(jù)實際，分期制定小目標，一一完成就行了。二專題講解：掌握要點：名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞）名詞的數(shù)1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)

2、數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化名詞所有格含義、構(gòu)成兩種形式：S所有格及of所有格知識點：一、名詞的分類專有名詞：名字（人名、地名、書名、機構(gòu)名）、與國家有關(guān)的（國家、國民、語言）、日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.普通名詞:包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window可數(shù)名詞集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group不可數(shù)名詞質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料例:water、air、wood象名

3、詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等例:danger、interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時可數(shù)，作玻璃時不可數(shù)身兼二職的名詞對照表glassfishchickentime可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時間orangelightpaperhair可數(shù)橘子電燈報紙/試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidealifework可數(shù)練習(xí)題主意/意見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機青

4、年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗interestroom可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空間【注意】（1）family,class等詞作為一個整體時視為單數(shù)，強調(diào)其家庭/族成員或班級成員時視為復(fù)數(shù)（2）部分有生命的集體名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的概念：police指警察、警官的總稱，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolice（主語）+謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)people指人們、人民，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。（The）.people+謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)people指民族，有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六個民族二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式（1）規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情況在詞尾直接加

5、s,例bags。2、以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的詞加-es,例bus-busesbox-boxes。3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加-es例city-cities；以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s。4、以o結(jié)尾的除potato（馬鈴薯）、tomato（西紅柿）、hero（英雄）加es,其余直接加s。5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es,roof、proof直接加-s,例life-liveswife-wivesroofroofs。（2）不規(guī)則變化1、單詞拼寫發(fā)生變化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-te

6、ethmouse-micechild-children2、某國人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同常用分以下幾類：表示動物的名詞deer鹿，fish魚，sheep綿羊，bison野牛，crab螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese中國人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin親屬craft及由-craft構(gòu)成的名詞craft飛機，aircraft飛機，spacecraft太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred百,thousand千，million白力，dozen一打，score二十

7、其他series系列；species種類；means方法（3）不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與a/an及數(shù)次搭配使用。表示數(shù)量時用量詞搭配。2/7例：acupofcoffee（杯咖啡）twoglassesofmilk（兩杯牛奶）threepiecesofpaper（三張紙）fourbottlesofwater（四杯水）三、名詞所有格含義：名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。表示形式：一種是s所有格，一種是of所有格BeijingisChinascapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTomsbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyis

8、thekeysowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.1、S所有格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加s,如Lucyspen路西的鋼筆ChildrensDay(兒童節(jié))；以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加,如thestudentsbooks學(xué)生們的書。2、幾個人共有的東西，只需在最后一個人的名詞后加s,如LucyandLilysbedroom(露西和莉莉的臥室)。表示各自所有，則每個名詞都加s,如LucysandLilysdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格：.of用來表示無生命的名詞所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom.雙重

9、所有格：of+名詞所有格of+名詞性的物住代詞Heisafriendofmy(brother).Issheadaughterof(you)?典型例題講解Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.ideasB.photosC.newsD.storiesIhavetwoandthreebottlesofhere.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,orangesEveryeveningMr.Kingtakesatohishome.A.25minuteswalkB.25minuteswalkC.25minute

10、walkD.25minuteswalkAnoldwantstoseeyou.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.thepersonTOC o 1-5 h zHelpyourselfto.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapplesOh,dear.Iforgotthetwo.A.roomsnumberB.roomsnumberC.roomnumbersD.roomsnumbersShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersec

11、ond.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.roomB.muchexperienceD.alotexperiencewasheretenminutesago.motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPetersB.MaryandPeterC.MarysandPeterD.MarysandPeters9.LiLeihasbeentomanytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.herunclesC.herunclesD.aunts10.Heisasuccessasaleade

12、rbuthehasntinteaching.A.manyexperiencesC.anexperienceAclassmateofA.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursistersAgroupofaretalkingwithtwoA.Frenchmen,GermansGermans,FrenchmansFrenchmans,GermenGermen,FrenchmenTheteamhavingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be“Wouldyoulike?”“,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,Coffee

13、sC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffeesmen.15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby,butalsothefleshandbloodofA.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三鞏固訓(xùn)練：1.Thisis_reading-room.A.theteachersB.teachersC.teachersD.theteachersNothingwasfo

14、undbut_broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroomswindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroomHowmany_wouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbreadHewaspraisedforhis_.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbravePleasegetmeanew_whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousersThereare34_doctorsinthehosp

15、ital.A.womanB.womenC.womansD.womensSome_areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboosHewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin_.A.BuildingsecondB.BuildingTwoC.theBuildingTwoD.BuildingtheSecondOldasheis,hehas_todoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitea

16、lotofhomeworks4/7 /7 /7A.newfurnituresJacksroomisfurnishedwithmanynewfurnituresmanynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture11.Haveyouread_newspaperyet?A.todaysB.TodaysthetodaysD.yourtodays12.Itsnotfar,only_walkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutesatenminutesD.tenminutesLastmonth,hewro

17、teme_letter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000wordsHehada_sleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnightsD.good-nights_isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.ThreemilesdistanceD.Athree-mile-distance16.Hisisntfitforthework.Pleasegetme_.A.somethingelseB.somebodyel

18、seC.someoneelsesD.somebodyselseDoyouknowhowlarge_is?A.populationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.Chinaspopulation_istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.TheboxsweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.TheboxoftheweightExcuseme,howcanIgettothenearest_shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoesD.shoesWhat_weatherwereh

19、avingthesedays!A.niceaniceC.abadD.worseTheysaythatthemeetingwillbe_.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportantImgoingtocallat_thisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlacksD.BlacksWhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeoplesreligiousA.beliefbeliefsC.beliefsD.believsTherearesome_waitingf

20、oryououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.JapaneseTheirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof_tohelppeoplewalk.A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachineThereremany_inmybrothersalbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stampsYesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof_.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meatsUponhearingwhatIs

21、aid,his_rose.A.angerB.angryC.angrilyD.angrinessExcuseme,canyouchangethis_forme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnoteC.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotesYouhavetomake_foryourjourneyA.preparingB.preparationC.apreparationD.preparations四課堂過手訓(xùn)練：1.Wehaventgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(07)AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit2.1vereadsportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesofLinda,Iveboughtmany.Nowletsmakethebirthdayc