情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各種用法

1、關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各種用法第一張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 定 義 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 We can be there on time tomorrow. May I have your name? Shall we begin now? You must obey the school rules. 第二張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 否定式縮略形式can / couldmay / mightmustshall / shouldwill / would

2、needdareought to had bettercannot / could notcant / couldnt + notmaynt / mightnt + notmustnt + notshant / shouldnt + notwont / wouldnt + notneednt + notdarentought not tooughtnt toHad better notd better not第三張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 位 置 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問句中， 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。 I ca

3、n see you. Come here. 我能看見你，過來吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們! 第四張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 特 點(diǎn) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“not”。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式，過去式可以用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?He could be here so

4、on. 他很快就來。 We cant carry the heavy box. Im sorry I cant help you. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?第五張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 用 法、表能力 （can, could, be able to, were / was able to, could have done）1. 表現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力：表示現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力用can 或 be able to. 一般的能力是指你無論什么時(shí)候做什么事情就能做到的能力。表示現(xiàn)在的能力或一般的能力時(shí)，can比be able to 更普遍。第六張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于

5、2022年6月、表能力 ：表現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力：表示現(xiàn)在的或一般的能力用can 或 be able to. 一般的能力是指你無論什么時(shí)候做什么事情就能做到的能力。表示現(xiàn)在的能力或一般的能力時(shí)，can比be able to 更普遍。A computer cant think for itself; it must be told what to do. （表示一般的能力）I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now. （表示現(xiàn)在的能力） 第七張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 表示將來的能力表示將來的能力用 will

6、be able to.If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.3. 表示過去的能力（1）could , was/ were able to 表示過去一般的能力，即不表示做與未做某事。She could / was able to sing like an angel when she was a child.第八張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 表示過去的能力（1）could , was/ were able to 表示過去一般的能力，即不表示做與未做某事。She could / wa

7、s able to sing like an angel when she was a child.(2) was/ were able to 表示過去有能力并且成功地做了某事，相當(dāng)于managed to do something / succeeded in doing sth.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. (過去有能力并成功地做了某事)第九張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(3) could have + 過去分詞，表示過去有能力做但未做。I coul

8、d have worked out the problem, but I didnt.第十張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、表推測(cè) 。 可能性可分為客觀的可能性和具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀的（理論的）可能性即不涉及具體某事是否發(fā)生，此種用法常?？梢哉f明人或事物的特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 可用于肯定句中表示客觀的 / 理論的可能性，而表示具體事情發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，can 一般不用于肯定句。 Accident can happen on such rainy days. （客觀的可能性）第十一張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、表推測(cè) 。 1. 可能性可分為客觀的可能

9、性和具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀的（理論的）可能性即不涉及具體某事是否發(fā)生，此種用法常?？梢哉f明人或事物的特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 可用于肯定句中表示客觀的 / 理論的可能性，而表示具體事情發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，can 一般不用于肯定句。 Accident can happen on such rainy days. （客觀的可能性）Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet. （實(shí)際的可能性，不用 can,而用 may.第十二張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性（1）表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的

10、可能性的層次比較 （見下表）（2）表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)， may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑問句（may not表示“可能不”）； I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.(表示肯定)This may not be done by him.（表示不確定）第十三張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)， can 常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中，表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思；could 既可疑用于肯定句，又可以用于否定句、疑問句中。This cant / couldnt be do

11、ne by him. (表示不相信) He could be on his way home now. （could 不如 may / might常用）Can this be done by him? （表示一種疑惑、驚訝）第十四張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（3）would, could, should, might 并不一定與過去的時(shí)間有關(guān)，而是表示可能性弱于他們相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在形式。如：This may / might be done by him. （語(yǔ)氣一次遞減）4）should 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，表示確定或可能有的未來或期望，即合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果。 He should be ar

12、ound sixty years old. 他可能60歲上下。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. （表示確定或期待）第十五張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4）should 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，表示確定或可能有的未來或期望，即合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果。 He should be around sixty years old. 他可能60歲上下。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. （表示確定或期待）- When can I come

13、for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.- They should be ready by 12:00. （表示期待）第十六張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done “ 用法一覽表1. must have done表示對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必 / 準(zhǔn)是/ 一定做了某事It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy.The lights were out. They must have been asleep.第

14、十七張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. can have donecannot have done表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用于否定句和疑問句中。He cannot have forgotten it.Can he have gone to his aunts?3. Could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)”之意，此外，還可以表示過去免于是想的可能性，意為“本應(yīng)該”.第十八張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. Could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)”之意，此外，還可以表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，意為“本應(yīng)該”.I sa

15、w Mr. Wang just now. He couldnt have gone to Beijing.You could have been here earlier, but you didnt.第十九張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. May /might have done表示對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)，意為“也許 / 或許已經(jīng)（沒有） ”.一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”)，不用于疑問句。用 might 語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.He may not have fini

16、shed the work.He might have caught a cold.第二十張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. Might have done表示“本來可能”，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可以表示“本應(yīng)該或可以做某事，”,含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。You should not have swum in that sea. You might have been eaten by fish.You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 第二十一張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. Should

17、/ ought to have done用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做”；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示 “不應(yīng)該做的事情反而做了”。You should have come to the meeting earlier.You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.You shouldnt have told her the truth.He ought not to have treated his parents like that.第二十二張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. Neednt have done表示

18、“做了本來不必去做的事情”， 注意：didnt need to do 表示“沒有必要做而實(shí)際也免于做某事”。You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.I didnt need to clean the windows. My brother did it.第二十三張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月8. Had better have done用于事后的建議，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)做好做了某事”，其否定形式是 had better not have done 表示相反的意思。You ha

19、d better have started earlier.You had better not have scolded her.第二十四張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9. Would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做某事”，其否定式是had better not have done.I would rather have taken his advice.I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.第二十五張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10

20、. Would like / love to have done表示過去愿意做某事，但未做成.I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.第二十六張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其它用法要點(diǎn)cannot but + do sth. 表示“不得不，只好”。如：I could not but choose to go. 我只好去。2. May well 和 may as well 結(jié)構(gòu)“may well”意為 “完全能，很可能”

21、，相當(dāng)于 to be very likely to.如：He may well not recognize her because she has changed a lot.第二十七張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其它用法要點(diǎn)2. May well 和 may as well 結(jié)構(gòu)“may well”意為 “完全能，很可能”，相當(dāng)于 to be very likely to.如：He may well not recognize her because she has changed a lot.“may as well + 動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，倒不如”，相當(dāng)于 had

22、better , 如：You may as well do it at once.We may as well stay where we are.第二十八張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. must 作“偏要、硬要”做某事。如:- How old are you, madam?- If you must know, Im twice my sons age.第二十九張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. may 作“可以”講時(shí)，其否定式常用“mustnt表示被禁止”；must 作“必須”講時(shí)，其否定形式是 “neednt”, 表示 “不必”。- May I use you

23、r car?- No, you mustnt. (委婉的拒絕可以用: Sorry, I am suing it now. 或 Youd better not等)第三十張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. need 和 dare 的用法兩者既可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可以用作行為動(dòng)詞。作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，而作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化（dare 可以有過去式 dared）,直接接動(dòng)詞原形，只用于疑問句和否定句中。第三十一張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月另外，dare 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還可以用于條件句中，過去式為 dared; dare 用于疑問句和否定句，后面的to

24、也可以省略； I dare say 是習(xí)慣用法，意為“我想，大概”。第三十二張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月He neednt do it. He doesnt need to do it.I didnt know whether he dared say that to him.He didnt dare (to) do that.He dared not do that. 注意： need 作為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還可以表示“需要”，后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義。第三十三張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. may (might) “可以”，表示說話人同意，許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可

25、。 You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去。 May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服。 He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。 may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是 maynt。might 是may 的過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，使語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、 客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞?He told me he migh

26、t be here on time. 他說他能按時(shí)間來。 Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎? He might be alive. 他可能還活著。第三十四張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. must “必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是”，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測(cè)。must 用來指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)， 過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。 I must finish my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the time. 你不能老是工作。 M

27、ust I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書嗎? After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了這么長(zhǎng)的路, 你一定累了。 He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走，因?yàn)橛腥私兴?。第三十五張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月值得注意的是：（1）must + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測(cè)。 He must have t

28、old my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 He must have received my letter now. 他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。 Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。（2）must 和 have to 的區(qū)別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to “不得不,必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。 You must do it now. 你必需現(xiàn)在就干。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。

29、(客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走) You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按時(shí)來。 I have to cook for my child. 我得給孩子做飯。 第三十六張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑問句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。 need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí) n

30、eed 就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)， 后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎? She needs a necklace. 她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。 注意：“neednt + have + 過去分詞” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。 第三十七張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little gir

31、l dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用， 用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？ He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。第三十八張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. ought “應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該”，后面跟帶有 to 的

32、動(dòng)詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應(yīng)該讀這些書。 You ought to bring the child here. 你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。 ought + to have done 句型。指過去動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應(yīng)該來。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to

33、 have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。第三十九張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. will (would) 表決心、愿望。 would 為 will 的過去式, 可用于各人稱。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. 我要盡全力趕上他們。 Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不會(huì)做那件事情了,這是最后一次。 He said he would help me. 他說他會(huì)幫助我。 will, would用于疑問句表示說

34、話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣。 Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎? Would you like some coffee？ 給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？ 8. shall, should 表示命令, 警告, 允諾, 征求, 勸告, 建議, 驚奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你應(yīng)該交作業(yè)本兒了。 This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒問題。

35、Shall we go now? 我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎? Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他? 第四十張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專練題1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _.A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. yo

36、u mustnt3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt.A. should comeB. would have come C. cameD. should have come4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it.A. mustnt have attendedB. cannot have attendedC. neednt have attendedD. would have not attended5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus.A. might g

37、o B. may go C. could have goneD. ought have gone 第四十一張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge.A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom?A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought8.There was a

38、lot of time. He .A. mustnt have hurriedB. neednt have hurriedC. could have hurriedD. ought to have hurried9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we .A. had studiedB. couldC. should D. could have10.One ought for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punishedB. to not be punishedC. to not punishedD. no

39、t be punished 第四十二張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月11.May I pick a flower in the garden? .A. No, you needntB. Not, please C. No, you mustntD. No, you wont12.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you .A. will B. could C. may D. might13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is

40、 often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may notC. should not D. dont have to14.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spokenD. couldnt have spoken15.I wonder how he that to the teach

41、er.A. dare to sayB. dare saying C. not dare sayD. dared say 第四十三張，PPT共四十七頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain.A. shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt17.The dog hibernate in winter.A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not18.Look what you have done. You have been careful.A. should B. can C. must D. may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him.A. would seeB. could meet C. might have seenD. might see20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ?A. No, I cantB. Yes, I wil