中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)01命題趨勢(shì)考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考查主要集中在對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)六種主要的時(shí)態(tài)上；對(duì)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主。02定義概念清晰化動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)的各種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中一共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但在初中階段常考的時(shí)態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。考查重點(diǎn)集中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法、終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與

2、for，since短語(yǔ)或從句連用、havebeento與havegoneto的用法以及在具體語(yǔ)境中動(dòng)詞的用法等。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)岀者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是中考中的必考內(nèi)容之一，其中考查的重點(diǎn)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。03知識(shí)歸類知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化?_動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)分類圖解分類謂語(yǔ)形式用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語(yǔ)力口-s,-es表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。描述客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)等。在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，

3、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形begoingto和will表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。主語(yǔ)一般是人。begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定要發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物。在含有時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。一些表示位移的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,arrive,fly,start,move等，常用現(xiàn)在

4、進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。與always,usually等詞連用，表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿的情緒。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與“for+寸間段或“sinceb表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段”連用。注意：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果或表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)

5、在的情況；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生關(guān)系。2.終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但在否定句中可以和一段時(shí)間連用。過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作以前發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中表示在過(guò)去看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特例清單1在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：weIIhaveapicnicifitisf

6、inenextSunday.如果下個(gè)星期日天氣晴朗，我們將去野餐。IllcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijingtomorrow.我明天一至U北京就給你打電話。某些表示起始、往返、岀發(fā)、到達(dá)之意的動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（此時(shí)一般都有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）。這類動(dòng)詞有：begin,come,go,leave,start,arrive,end,stop,open,close等。如：Themeetingbeginsat2:00p.m.tomorrow.這個(gè)會(huì)議明天下午2點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。Thenexttrainleavesat7oclockthis下一列in

7、火車將在今晚7點(diǎn)離開(kāi)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,continually,forever等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)岀現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，這種用法往往表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的某種感情，如贊揚(yáng)、遺憾、討厭或不滿等。如：Therichwomanisalwayslaughingatthepoor.這個(gè)有錢的夫人總是嘲笑窮人。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞不能與for,since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如與一段時(shí)間連用，要把瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為意思相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的變化有：()4.(2014河南)一Areyougoinganywhere?Iaboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.

8、A.thinkB.havethoughtC.willthinkD.thought()5.(2014云南)Iftherenobuyingandsellingofanimals,therewillbenokillinginnature.A.isB.willbeC.hasD.willhave現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)abigsale.Thebooks()6.(2014十堰)Thebookstoretheremustbeverycheapnow.sgoaTtdhavealook.Soundsgreat.LetB.hadA.willhave非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe

9、opencloseBeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldputonweargetupbeupwakeupawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrive/reachbeC.ishavingD.washavingB.diddo;getB.did;getC.have;gotD.will;get()2.(2014十堰)Haveyoufinishedusingmydictionary?Yes,Iputitba

10、ckonyourdeskjustnow.Whoitaway?willtakeB.istakingC.tookD.hastaken()3.(2014北京)Whatdoyouoftendoatweekends?Ioftenmygrandparents.A.visitB.visitedC.havevisitedD.willvisitC.havedoneD.weredoing()13.(2014銅仁)Thereasportsmeetinourschoolnextweek.A.iswillhaveareD.willbe()14.(2014河南)Doesthisbusgotothebeach?No.You

11、thewrongway.YouwanttheNumber11.A.goB.weregoingC.aregoingD.wouldgo()15.(2014麗水)Hurryup!Theskyiscoveredwithblackclouds.如：誤:1veleftth=ichoolfortenyears.正:Ivebeenawayfromthisschoolfortenyears.【題組訓(xùn)練】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)()1.(2014徐州)Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!Whenyouback?()7.(2014:北京)Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayin

12、gbasketballyesterdayafternoon?Itheclassroom.A.wascleaningB.havecleanedC.willcleanD.clean()8.(2014河北)Someoneatthedoor.Canyouopenit?A.knocksB.knockedC.isknockingD.wasknocking()9.(2014孝感)一Iwasatthecinemaat8oclocklastnight.Whataboutyou?ItheInternetathome.A.amsurfingB.surfedC.willsurfD.wassurfing()10.(20

13、14來(lái)賓)Wouldyoumindturningdownyourmusicplayer?Everybodynow!Imsorrylldoitrightnow.A.sleepB.sleptC.issleepingD.aresleeping一般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)()11.(2014河北)Ibusynow.Itoyouafterschoolthisafternoon.A.talkB.talkedC.willtalkD.havetalked()12.(2014天津)Robotsmoreheavyworkforusinthefuture.A.willdoImafraidit.A.rainsB.isgoi

14、ngtorainC.rainedD.wasraining現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)（）16.（2014寧波）Areyousurprisedattheendingofthemovie?No,becauseIthestory.A.readB.willreadC.havereadD.wasreading（）17.（2014濱州）Jimisntintheclassroom.Whereishenow?Hethelibrary.A.willgotoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.goesto（）18.（2014泰安）Canyoufindourcityalotinrecentyears?Yes.

15、Theroadiswiderandthebuildingsaretaller.A.haschangedB.changesC.changedD.willchange（）19.（2014南京）Lily,whyareyoustillhere?Schoolisoverforhalfanhour.BecauseImytaskyet.Istillneedonemorehour.A.WontfinishB.didntfinishC.haventfinishedD.hadntfinished（）20.（2014隨州）Iwonderwhenyouthenewwatch.Well,Iitfortwoweeks.h

16、avebought;havehadbought;haveboughtbought;havehadD.havebough?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類圖解t;havebought的構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Afarmwasvisitedyesterdaybyus一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Sometreeswillbeplantedthisweekbyher.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Anovelisbeingread

17、byhim.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hisroomshavebeencleanedbyhim.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hisroomswerebeingcleanedbyhimthen.過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeen+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hisroomshadbeencleanedbyhimthen.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/shouldbe+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hisroomswouldbecleanedbyhimthenextday.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedintime.特例清單1.open

18、,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.這種鋼筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。Thekindofshirtssellswellhere.這種樣式的襯衫在這里賣得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Schooluniformslookgoodonus.我們穿著校服很好看。Thecakesmellsdelicious.蛋糕聞起來(lái)很香?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】（）21.（2014北京）Anewhospi

19、talinmytownnextyear.A.buildsB.builtC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt（）22.（2014河南）WhenTimwhyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isasked（）23.（2014梅州）IcantunderstandwhatthebookisaboutbecauseitinEnglish.A.writesB.willwriteC.willbewrittenD.iswritten（）24.（2014鎮(zhèn)江）一Dontforgettocometooursc

20、hoolassembly（集會(huì)）tomorrowmorning.Iwont.Ijustnow.A.remindedB.wasremindedC.reportedD.wasreported（）25.（2014益陽(yáng)）一Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Therooms.A.arepaintingB.havebeenpaintedC.arebeingpainted?幾種特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法分類圖解種類構(gòu)成例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省去to的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省去的to要加上。Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.含雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞把指人的賓語(yǔ)變

21、為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指物的賓語(yǔ)仍保留在謂語(yǔ)之后；指物的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，指人的賓語(yǔ)前要加相應(yīng)的介詞。Iwasgivenapresent.Apresentwasgiventome.含短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞+介詞”或動(dòng)詞+副詞”時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞、副詞不能丟。Theyoungmanwassentawayfromschool.【題組訓(xùn)練】()26.(2014內(nèi)江)ThestudentsinthisschoolaremadeschooluniformsonMonday.A.towearB.wearingC.wearD.worn()27.(2014隨州)一Marywasheardjustnow.Whathappe

22、ned?Joewastellinghersomejokes.A.cryB.laughC.tolaughD.tocry()28.(2013呼和浩特)lfyouseethecartoonfilm,youwilllaugh.A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.maketoD.make()29.(2013連云港)Clark,yourroomisreallyinamess.ItneedsSorry,mum.Illdoitatonce.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleantobecleaned()30.(2012阜康)Theoldover90notonlybytheirfamilybut

23、alsobythegovernmentinmanyplaces.A.islookedatB.aretakengoodcareofC.aretakengoodcareD.islookingafter04整合集訓(xùn)反饋層級(jí)化動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)()1.Doyouliketheskirt?Yestsoft.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt()2.Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginherfreetime?ShewatchingTV.A.likesB.likedC.haslikedD.hadliked()3.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifhe

24、back,pleaseletmeknow.hecomes;willcomewillhecome;comeshewillcome;comeswillhecome;willcome()4.MayIseeMr.Lin,please?Well,lafraidhenotinatthemoment.lthinkhebacksoon.A.cameB.hascomeC.willbeD.was()5.Lookatthosebigblackclouds.Itrain.Lethurry.A.mustB.willC.wouldD.isgoingto()6.Donttalkloudlyhere.Mylittlebaby

25、.A.hasgoneoutB.issleepingC.sleepsD.wenttoschool()7.HaveyoureadabookcalledJaneEyre?Whoit?A.writesB.haswrittenC.waswritingD.wrote()8.Youre-mailaddressagain?Iquitecatchit.Hul23.A.dontB.cantC.didntD.wont()9.Oh,MrsKing,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?No,Iitfortwoyears.A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought()10

26、.totheUnitedStates?No,never.ButIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougo()11.AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginNingbo?No,theytoShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved()12.Doyouknowthemanoverthere?Yes.Ihimseveraltimessincelastmonth.A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.hadseen()1

27、3.Whatdoyouthinkofmyanswertothequestion?Sorry.Whatsthat?Iaboutsomethingelse.A.thoughtB.amthinkingC.hadthoughtD.wasthinking()14.Amy,Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butnobodyansweredthephone.Oh,Iawalkwithmymotheratthattime.A.takeB.tookC.amtakingD.wastaking()15.DidyouseeHenryattheparty?No,hebythetimeIgotthe

28、re.A.leftB.wasleavingC.hadleftD.hasleft()16.Whatistheweatherliketoday?Itiscloudy.AndIthinkit.A.wasrainingB.isgoingtorainC.israiningD.rained()17.MysisterwillgotoHainantomorrow.Isoffattheairport.Oh,whenherplane?A.did;takeoffB.does;takeoffC.has;takenoffD.was;takingoffllsee()18.ItoversixtyyearssincetheP

29、eopleRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.willbe()19.Donnmakeanynoise.Wetoapieceofwonderfulmusicatthemoment.A.willlistenB.arelisteningC.listenD.havelistening()20.Isawhersmokingintherestaurantyesterdayafternoon.Butsheseldom.A.smokesB.hadsmokedC.smokedD.issmoking()21.IusedtolovethisfilmwhenIw

30、asyoung,butIitthatwayanymore.A.dontfeelB.didntfeelC.haventfeltD.hadntfelt()22.WasKatehappytoseeheroldfriendsyesterday?Yes,shewas.Shethemforalongtime.A.didntseeB.wouldntseeC.hasntseenD.hadntseen()23.Hasyourmotherfinishedherreport?Sorry,Idontknow.Sheitthismorning.A.iswritingB.wroteC.writesD.haswritten

31、()24.Whyareyouinsuchahurry,Mike?ThereanNBAgameintenminutes.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe()25.Jennywantstoknowifyouahikingtriptomorrow.Ofcoursewewill.Butifit,weVisittheSpaceMuseuminstead.A.willgoon;willrainB.goon;rainsC.willgoon;rainsD.goon;willrain()26.Whatsthatterriblenoise?Thenei

32、ghborsforaparty.A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare()27.Whendidthemeetingbegin?Atfourokclbcfor15minutes.A.wasonB.beganC.hasbegunD.hasbeenon()28.LiKai,handinyourhomework,please.Oh,sorry.Iitathomethismorning.A.wasleavingB.haveleftC.hadleftD.left()29.Howwasyourdayoff?Prettygood!Ithescien

33、eemuseumwithmyclassmates.A.visitB.visitedC.amvisitingD.willvisit()30.Whereyoulunch?Athome.TherewasnoschooIlunch.A.did;haveB.are;havingC.will;haveD.do;have動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)()31.Boiledwaterforfreehereinthedaytime.A.offerB.offeredC.isofferingD.isoffered()32.Whataniceroom!Yes.Iteveryday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleane

34、dD.iscleaned()33.Dad,pleaseopenthedoor.It.OK,dear.lamcoming.A.locksB.lockedC.islockedD.waslocked()34.MrsJohnsonsfunnystorybyeveryonewhoheardit.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedat()35.Ibelievethatthosemountainswithtreesinafewyears.A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.arecoveringD.willcover()36.Nec

35、essaryactionsothatstudentscanbesafeatschool.A.canbetakenB.maybetakenC.mustbetakenD.mightbetaken()37.DidyougotoJimsbirthdayparty?TOC o 1-5 h zNo,I.A.amnotinvitedB.wasntinvitedC.haventinvitedD.didntinvite()38.Pleasedontstandupinclassuntilyou.A.weretoldtoB.aretoldtoC.weretoldD.aretold()39.Whenthecar?Sorry,Idontknow.A.does;inventB.did;inventC.was;inventedD.was;inventing()40.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyouthisjob?Well,Imthinkingabouttheworkingtime.A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered()41.Studentsnottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked()42.God,yourclassroom