翻譯概論課件

1、A COURSE OFTRANSLATIONENTER翻譯概論What is translation？譯即易，謂換易言語(yǔ)使相解也。 （賈公彥 ）“to turn into ones own or another language.” （Websters Dictionary ）Translating it is that opens the window, to let in the light; that breaks the shell, that we may eat the kernel. (Steiner) The tower of Babel / Babel 巴別塔、通天塔、巴比倫

2、塔（圣經(jīng)舊約創(chuàng)世記） And the Lord said, “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; this is only the beginning of what will do; nothing that they propose to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one anothers spe

3、ech.” Translation Criteria 嚴(yán)復(fù): “信、達(dá)、雅” (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)魯迅：寧信而不順 傅雷: “以效果而論，翻譯應(yīng)當(dāng)像臨畫(huà)一樣，所求的不在形似而在神似?！?（spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit ）錢(qián)鐘書(shū): “文學(xué)翻譯的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是化。把作品從一國(guó)文字轉(zhuǎn)變成另一國(guó)文字，既不能因語(yǔ)文習(xí)慣的差異而露出生硬牽強(qiáng)的痕跡，又能完全保存原有的風(fēng)味，那就算得入于化境” （transmigration）For Gods sake let us sit upon the gro

4、und and tell sad stories of the death of kings. 坐地而嘆古來(lái)君主鮮善終。 Marriage or waving comes or goes by destiny. 婚嫁有命。Criteria for beginners：忠實(shí)與通順 FaithfulnessSmoothness-“What do you think of the man?”-“Youve stolen my question!”“你怎么看這個(gè)人？” “你偷了我的問(wèn)題！” She kept her hands clasped on mine a moment longer than

5、was necessary.她緊握著我的手，比必要的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)。 她緊握著我的手，沒(méi)有馬上松開(kāi)。 （“我正要問(wèn)你）呢！” smoothnessAn American girl fell in love with her Chinese classmate, but the young man didnt share her feelings.一個(gè)美國(guó)女孩愛(ài)上了她的中國(guó)同學(xué)，但是那個(gè)年輕人卻和她的感覺(jué)不一樣。 一個(gè)美國(guó)女孩愛(ài)上了她的中國(guó)同學(xué)，可惜她只是一廂情愿。(X)對(duì)譯者的要求1） 扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功。 2） 具有豐富的文化知識(shí) 。3） 熟悉翻譯理論和常用技巧，善于靈活運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧。 4）

6、熟悉各種工具書(shū)。5）“譯”精于勤。（1） 依照詞語(yǔ)-句子-段落-語(yǔ)篇的順序；（2） 選擇不同題材和體裁的練習(xí)材料；（3） 難易循序漸進(jìn)；（4） 譯文反復(fù)修改，不斷提高譯文質(zhì)量；（5） 選擇有參考譯文的文本，進(jìn)行對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)；（6） 可請(qǐng)別人修改或校正。 魯迅：“真好像做苦工，日子不好過(guò)”、“字典不離手，冷汗不離身”。傅雷：我譯文的風(fēng)格，令自己深以為苦，雖已盡全力，卻永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到滿意的完美程度我盡量嘗試譯得忠于原文，而又不失藝術(shù)性，務(wù)使譯文看來(lái)似中文創(chuàng)作，惜仍然力不從心。翻譯之難，比起演奏家之演繹往昔大師的杰作，實(shí)在不遑多讓。books英漢互譯實(shí)用教程（第四版），郭著章、李慶生 編著，武漢大學(xué)出版社，

7、2011年。新編漢英翻譯教程，陳宏薇 編著，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2004年。 新編英漢翻譯教程，孫致禮 編著，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2003年。 文化語(yǔ)境與語(yǔ)言翻譯，包惠南 著，中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司，2001年研究生英語(yǔ)實(shí)用翻譯教程(第二版) ，許建平著，中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社 ，2008年楊必譯文集（2）名利場(chǎng)，譯林出版社, 1994年Fortress Besieged，Translated by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社 ，2003年 1.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定詞義英語(yǔ)中一詞多義、漢語(yǔ)中一字多義，這是常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。這就需要我們依靠具體的上下文來(lái)判

8、斷某一個(gè)字或詞語(yǔ)的意義。英漢詞法翻譯rightAnd not only has won, but because it has won, has been in the right.Might is right.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.You are quite right to refuse.All came right in the end.Adj.正義的n.公理Vt.申冤Adj. 正確的Adv. 順利The union had very little say in the new

9、 pay agreement. The pole-vaulter bettered the world record by six inches.n 發(fā)言權(quán)Vt 使改善，使變得更好，刷新，提高run run across 跑過(guò) 偶然碰見(jiàn)run away 跑開(kāi) 失去控制run in 跑進(jìn) 陷于；偶然碰見(jiàn)run out 跑出 被用完；將盡run over 跑過(guò) 滿出，溢出run a race 參加賽跑run for presidency 競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)run to extremes 走向極端run the streets 流浪街頭run a car 駕駛小汽車run a factory 辦工廠run o

10、il 提煉石油run to 跑到 （數(shù)量等）達(dá)到run on 不停地跑 講個(gè)不停，喋喋不休run sb into difficulties 使某人陷入困境run the risk of 冒著的危險(xiǎn)run into debt 負(fù)債 run ones head into a wall 撞南墻，碰壁The idea runs in his mind. 這個(gè)念頭縈繞在他的腦海里。The street runs north. 大街向北延伸。The news runs rapidly in the town. 這個(gè)消息迅速在鎮(zhèn)上傳開(kāi)。上上班 to go to work; to be on duty 上報(bào)

11、to appear in the newspapers上場(chǎng) to appear on the stage court上當(dāng) to be taken in 上吊 to hang oneself上凍 to freeze上癮 to be addicted (to sth)上軌道 to get on the right track 上火 to get angry上進(jìn) to make progress上課 to attend class上路 to set out on a journey 上年紀(jì) to be getting on in years上任 to take up an official post

12、上臺(tái) to come to power隨函附上2角錢(qián)郵票一張。Enclosed herewith is a 20-fen stamp.這一盤(pán)你上。You play this game. 一連上了好幾道菜。Several courses were served in succession.行李還沒(méi)上架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet. 這事已上了電視。It has been publicized on TV. The boy is drawing a cart.（拉、拽or 畫(huà)？）Its time to go aboard. (上火車or

13、上飛機(jī)or上船？）2.根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)氣，態(tài)度確定詞義We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. May do whatever he likes.We hope our most respected Secretery General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everyboday.He wrote a letter to his friend.

14、Premier Zhu wrote a letter to American President.忘乎所以勞累過(guò)度，忘我工作寫(xiě)信致函3.根據(jù)話題確定詞義Messenger: 信使，遺傳工程學(xué)上指“一種傳遞信息的化學(xué)物質(zhì)Carrier:攜帶者，生物、醫(yī)學(xué)上指 “帶菌體”Shuttle: 紡織行業(yè)的“梭子”，航天方面的“航天飛機(jī)”、“穿梭機(jī)”4.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)搭配習(xí)慣確定詞義She proves to be a good listener.她在課堂上認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講。她是個(gè)遵守公共秩序的/忠實(shí)的聽(tīng)眾。她善于聽(tīng)取群眾的意見(jiàn)。Yet, as it sometimes happens that a person de

15、parts his life, who is really deserving of the praise the stone cutter curves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband.不過(guò)偶然也有幾個(gè)死人當(dāng)?shù)闷鹗晨淘谒麄冃喙巧系暮迷?。真的是虔誠(chéng)的教徒、慈愛(ài)的父母、孝順的兒女、賢良的妻子、盡職的丈夫。（楊必Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng)）Practice 1Enjoy free medical care Enjoy advan

16、tagesEnjoy national protection Enjoy mass supportEnjoy access to internetEnjoy prosperityEnjoy a special placeEnjoy a revivalEnjoy a fine dayEnjoy constant attention享受具備受到得到有機(jī)會(huì)，能夠處于占有獲得好天氣，天氣晴朗受到，一直為人們所關(guān)注Practice 2注意劃線詞的褒貶The subject for discussion was Sadams future.They predicted the youth would have a bright future.John was an agreesive salesma