中央空調(diào)安裝調(diào)試難點(diǎn)及處理措施中英文對(duì)照解讀

1、中央空調(diào)安裝調(diào)試難點(diǎn)分析及處理措施中英文對(duì)照Analysis and treatment measures of difficult installation of central air-conditioning engineering隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展和人們生活水平的不斷提高，中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為大型建筑和辦公環(huán)境不可缺少的重要設(shè)施。中央空調(diào)的效果如何？能否滿足所需？除設(shè)計(jì)和施工外，關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)，在于安裝調(diào)試工作的質(zhì)量，它將直接影響空氣調(diào)節(jié)的使用效果。本文就中央空調(diào)工程安裝調(diào)試過(guò)程中的難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，并根據(jù)問(wèn)題原因提出一些處理措施，以便進(jìn)一步提高中央空調(diào)工程安裝調(diào)試質(zhì)量，發(fā)揮中央空調(diào)應(yīng)有的

2、效能。With the development of economy and the improvement of peoples living standard, the central air-conditioning system has become an indispensable important facilities of large buildings and office environment. How the central air conditioning effect? To meet the need? In addition to the design and

3、construction, key ring, lies in the installation and debugging work quality, it will directly affect the air-conditioning effect. Difficulties in central air-conditioning engineering installation process are analyzed, and puts forward some measures according to the problems, in order to further impr

4、ove the quality of installation of central air-conditioning engineering, play a central air conditioning effectiveness.空調(diào)系統(tǒng)結(jié)露空調(diào)系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行中發(fā)生結(jié)露，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)風(fēng)管及吊架結(jié)露、風(fēng)口滴水、天花滴水、墻面滲水發(fā)霉、墻面涂料脫落等現(xiàn)象，雖然不會(huì)造成太大的事故，但已經(jīng)影響到了觀感和使用功能，給用戶使用和大樓物業(yè)管理帶來(lái)許多不便，并造成了一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。其原因?yàn)楸＠涫┕げ灰?guī)范，保冷層厚度不達(dá)標(biāo)，保冷措施未發(fā)揮作用等等。因此，保溫保冷的施工應(yīng)聘請(qǐng)技術(shù)過(guò)硬的施工隊(duì)進(jìn)行施工。1 air

5、conditioning system of dew condensation in the operation of the air conditioning system, led to the emergence of wind pipe and outlet water, condensation, hanger ceiling dripping, wall seepage moldy, wall paint off phenomenon, although not cause too much of the accident, but has affected the percept

6、ion and use function, the use and the building property management to bring a lot of inconvenience, and caused a certain economic loss. The reason for the cold non-standard construction, cold layer thickness is not standard, cold measures does not play a role. Therefore, construction of thermal insu

7、lation cold for the construction team please skilled construction.風(fēng)管的處理：目前中央空調(diào)風(fēng)管主要有無(wú)機(jī)材料復(fù)合風(fēng)管和鍍鋅鐵皮風(fēng)管兩種。無(wú)機(jī)材料復(fù)合風(fēng)管由兩層高輕度無(wú)機(jī)材料夾一層保溫材料復(fù)合而成，具有質(zhì)量輕、不燃燒、造價(jià)低，成品板材現(xiàn)場(chǎng)切割制作、安裝比較方便等特點(diǎn)，保溫層一般為2cm厚聚苯烯泡沫。由于材料結(jié)構(gòu)比較合理，一般很少出現(xiàn)結(jié)露現(xiàn)象，施工前應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查板材有無(wú)剝殼、脹板變形等情況。wind pipe processing: the central air-conditioning duct mainly inorganic

8、material composite wind pipe and galvanized iron duct two. The inorganic material composite wind pipe consists of two floors with mild inorganic material with a composite layer of insulation material, has the advantages of light weight, not burning, low cost, finished plate making, field cutting ins

9、tallation more convenient, the insulation layer is generally 2cm thick polystyrene foam. Because the material structure more reasonable, rarely dewing phenomenon, should focus on examination of sheet has no peeling, bilge plate deformation before construction.空調(diào)水管道的處理：空調(diào)水管道溫度低，出現(xiàn)結(jié)露的概率比較大，需要重點(diǎn)處理。施 工時(shí)

10、需嚴(yán)格控制供、回水及冷凝水管道和其他管道、風(fēng)道、梁、柱、墻體之間的距離，常規(guī) 距離控制在15cm以上，以便于保溫工程的施工及確保保溫質(zhì)量，對(duì)于管道與支、吊架接觸 部位，正常情況下需增加木瓦管托，如無(wú)條件，也可以局部裹貼橡塑發(fā)泡板，再用卡箍收緊。同時(shí)需要注意各條管線應(yīng)單獨(dú)進(jìn)行絕熱施工。air conditioning water pipeline: air conditioning water pipe temperature is low, there is condensation probability is big, need to focus on treatment. When co

11、nstruction should strictly control the supply, between water and condensate water pipeline and other pipelines, ducts, beam, column, wall distance, normal distance control in 15cm above, in order to facilitate heat preservation project construction and ensure that the insulation quality, for the pip

12、eline and branch, hanger contact site, under normal circumstances should increase shingles pipe support, such as no conditions, can also partially coated rubber and foam board, and then tighten the clamp. At the same time the need to pay attention to each line should be insulated construction alone.

13、死角部位的處理：風(fēng)道、水管緊貼梁底、墻邊及穿墻的部位也是保溫施工的關(guān)鍵部 位，如正常施工有困難，可以先在這些部位做好簡(jiǎn)易模具，再采用局部聚氨酯發(fā)泡填充，在風(fēng)道、水管與障礙物接觸周邊表面形成保溫層，以此隔離死角部位與空氣的接觸。corner parts of the key parts of air duct, water pipe: close to the bottom of beam, wall and wall part is insulation construction, such as the normal construction difficulty, can be the f

14、irst to die in these parts, and local polyurethane foam filling, in the air duct, water pipe and the barrier is formed on the surface of the contact perimeter insulation layer, in order to isolate dead parts and air contact.送風(fēng)口的處理：一般而言，相對(duì)封閉或面積較小的房間及走道的送風(fēng)口出現(xiàn)結(jié)露的 可能性較大，梅雨季節(jié)尤為明顯，分析原因主要有以下幾點(diǎn)。Treatment of

15、 1.4 inlets: Generally speaking, the room and corridor relatively closed or smaller outlet dewing possibility is larger, the rainy season is particularly evident, analysis the main causes are as follows.空調(diào)區(qū)域內(nèi)的空氣相對(duì)濕度大： 夏季，特別在梅雨季節(jié)或者雷雨天，空氣相對(duì)濕度大，水蒸氣多，空調(diào)送風(fēng)口很容易產(chǎn)生結(jié)露現(xiàn)象。The air conditioning area the air rela

16、tive humidity: summer, especially in rainy season or thunderstorm days, air relative humidity, water vapor, the air outlet is easy to produce condensation.空調(diào)送風(fēng)溫差大：在某些時(shí)段，冷水溫度比較低，而風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)量又偏小，引起送風(fēng)溫差偏大，從而出現(xiàn)結(jié)露現(xiàn)象。這時(shí)可以適當(dāng)手動(dòng)調(diào)小風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管末端進(jìn)水閥開(kāi)度，加大風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)量，從而減小送風(fēng)溫差。The air temperature: at certain hours, cold water temper

17、ature is relatively low, and the fan air volume is small, cause the supply air temperature difference is too large, resulting in condensation. At this time can be manually adjustable small fan coil end inlet valve opening, increase the fan air flow, thereby reducing the supply air temperature differ

18、ence.送風(fēng)口為鋁合金材質(zhì)：目前空調(diào)風(fēng)口大部分采用鋁合金材料制作，由于是金屬表面， 結(jié)露會(huì)比較嚴(yán)重。在購(gòu)置風(fēng)口時(shí)應(yīng)注意：a)委托生產(chǎn)廠家在鋁合金表面進(jìn)行噴塑處理，降低風(fēng)口表面溫度；b)在風(fēng)口法蘭邊后側(cè)敷貼PE保溫條，減少氣流與風(fēng)口的換熱。由于空調(diào)送風(fēng)量大、溫差小，送風(fēng)口出現(xiàn)結(jié)露現(xiàn)象的概率比較小。The air outlet for aluminum alloy material: the current air conditioning most of the use of aluminum alloy materials, due to the metal surface, condens

19、ation will be more serious. Should pay attention to in the purchase of air: a) commissioned by the manufacturers to spray on the surface of aluminum alloy tuyere, reduce surface temperature; b) PE insulation strip attached to the outlet flange back side dressing, reduce the heat flow and air. Becaus

20、e the air volume large, small temperature difference, the probability of outlet condensation is relatively small.空調(diào)器噪聲大、有振動(dòng)The 2 air conditioner noise, vibration集中空調(diào)末端設(shè)備一般有組合式空調(diào)機(jī)組、柜式變風(fēng)量空調(diào)器及風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管 3種。風(fēng)機(jī)盤(pán)管體積較小，出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的概率??；組合式空調(diào)機(jī)組、柜式變風(fēng)量空調(diào)器由于體積大，機(jī)械設(shè)備功率大，出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的概率較大，需要逐步排查。Central air-conditioning end equipment

21、 generally have a cabinet type air conditioner sets, V AV air conditioning and fan coil unit 3. Fan coil has the advantages of small volume, small probability of occurrence problem; cabinet combined type air conditioning units, VAV air conditioner due to large volume, mechanical equipment power, the

22、 greater the probability problem, need to gradually investigation.檢查設(shè)備內(nèi)部：系統(tǒng)調(diào)試前，按規(guī)定必須進(jìn)行單機(jī)試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，檢查項(xiàng)目包括：空調(diào)器 內(nèi)部有無(wú)施工殘留物，減振器或墊塊是否安裝到位，底腳螺栓和相關(guān)緊固件是否擰緊，風(fēng)機(jī)葉輪是否摩擦蝸殼，軸承是否有潤(rùn)滑油，電動(dòng)機(jī)皮帶松緊如何等等，以保證設(shè)備自身有良好的運(yùn)行條件。internal inspection equipment: before debugging, stand-alone commissioning required by the regulations, inspect

23、ion items include: the air conditioner has no construction residues, shock absorber or block is installed in place, the foot bolt and the associated fastener is tightened, the fan impeller friction worm shell, bearing for lubrication, the motor belt. How to wait, to ensure that the equipment has goo

24、d operating conditions.檢查所有與空調(diào)器連接的部位是否有軟接頭：空調(diào)水管與空調(diào)器連接必須采用可曲 撓法蘭橡膠軟接頭。風(fēng)管與空調(diào)器連接部位需安裝靜壓箱，靜壓箱的主要作用有兩點(diǎn)：降低送、回風(fēng)氣流噪聲；合理混合并分配氣流。靜壓箱與空調(diào)的連接可以用鋁箔復(fù)合通風(fēng)軟 管，也可以用三防帆布軟接頭。check all parts connected with the air conditioner is a soft joint: air conditioning pipe and air conditioner connecting must adopt flexible flange

25、 soft rubber joints. The wind pipe and air conditioner connecting parts need to install static pressure box, there are two main effect of static pressure box: to reduce send, return air noise; the reasonable mixing and gas distribution. Connected static pressure box and air conditioning can use alum

26、inum foil composite ventilation hose, can also use three canvas soft joint.檢查吊桿是否加裝減振墊塊或彈簧減振器：對(duì)于風(fēng)量小的吊頂空調(diào)器，由于電動(dòng)機(jī) 功率小、振動(dòng)小，可以在機(jī)組基礎(chǔ)與設(shè)備吊架橫托之間加裝減振橡膠板墊塊；風(fēng)量大的空調(diào)器可以在設(shè)備吊桿上加裝彈簧減振器，彈簧減振器的選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：設(shè)備總質(zhì)量印桿數(shù)量(一般為4根)X (1.31.5)(系數(shù))，因此在吊裝前需詳細(xì)了解設(shè)備質(zhì)量，否則，彈簧減振器 選用偏大會(huì)影響減振效果。Check whether the installation of 2.3 hangers dampi

27、ng pad or spring shock absorber for ceiling air conditioner air: small, because the motor power is small, small vibration, damping rubber pad block can be installed between the base unit and device hanger transverse support; air conditioning air volume can be added on the lifting rod spring shock ab

28、sorber, selection criteria spring shock absorber for: the number of equipment quality / boom (usually 4)(1.3 1.5) (coefficie nt), so weneed a detailed understanding of the quality of equipment, before installation otherwise, spring and damper selection bias will affect the damping effect.檢查設(shè)備吊架上是否接有

29、其他用途：在空調(diào)器吊裝結(jié)束后，應(yīng)在其底部獨(dú)立增加角 鐵或方管等橫擔(dān)形成網(wǎng)架，以作為其他用途吊筋的懸掛支撐，網(wǎng)架的主吊筋固定在空調(diào)器周邊，并與空調(diào)器保持一定距離，以便空調(diào)器檢修。check the equipment on the hanger is connected with other uses: in the air conditioner installation ends, should be independent of an increase in its bottom angle or square cross arm form grid, as other uses hang

30、er hanging the support frame, main hanger is fixed on the air conditioner, and keeps a certain distance with the air conditioner, so that air conditioning maintenance.局部區(qū)域空調(diào)效果差系統(tǒng)調(diào)試時(shí)出現(xiàn)的局部區(qū)域空調(diào)效果差的現(xiàn)象，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)排查并處理。Local air conditioning effect of air-conditioning effect of 3 local area differential s

31、ystem debugging when the poor phenomenon, can from the following several aspects to the investigation and treatment.檢查空調(diào)器過(guò)濾網(wǎng)是否臟在施工中，由于施工環(huán)境比較臟，灰塵很容易進(jìn)入設(shè)備內(nèi)部，設(shè)備運(yùn)行一定時(shí)間后，過(guò)濾網(wǎng)會(huì)發(fā)生堵塞，造成空調(diào)器進(jìn)風(fēng)受堵，送風(fēng)量偏低。check the air conditioner filter is dirty in the construction, due to relatively dirty construction environment

32、, dust can easily enter the inside of the device, equipment operation after a certain period of time, the filter blockage can occur, caused by blocking the air conditioner air inlet, air flow is low.check valve is fully open風(fēng)管安裝過(guò)程中，由于施工人員不重視或者防火閥聯(lián)動(dòng)調(diào)試等原因，送、回風(fēng)道主風(fēng)閥未及時(shí)開(kāi)啟或全部打開(kāi)，造成空調(diào)器送風(fēng)受堵、風(fēng)量偏低。The wind pip

33、e installation process, due to construction workers do not pay attention to or fire valve linkage debugging, send, return air main air valve fails to open or fully opened, resulting in air by blocking the air conditioner, low.檢查有無(wú)異物堵塞表冷器check whether the foreign body blocking the surface cooler按規(guī)范要求

34、，空調(diào)冷水管道與設(shè)備連接前都需進(jìn)行沖洗，實(shí)際情況中，由于管線比較長(zhǎng)、彎頭比較多，或者受現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件限制以及有些施工人員職業(yè)素質(zhì)不高等原因，造成管道沖洗不干凈，管道內(nèi)殘?jiān)^多，最終堵塞空調(diào)表冷器的進(jìn)口，影響水和空氣的換熱。According to the specification, chilled water piping and equipment are required to wash before connection, in the actual situation, because the pipeline is long, bend more, or restricted site

35、condition and some construction personnel occupation quality is not high, resulting in pipeline cleaning not clean, residue in the final jam more pipes, air import table cold, the heat transfer effects of water and air.如果表冷器前管道上裝有過(guò)濾器，要及時(shí)拆卸清理，如沒(méi)有安裝，需拆卸與機(jī)組連接的軟接頭，清理表冷器進(jìn)口。If the table cooler of the pipe

36、line is provided with a filter, to removing cleaning, if not installed, soft connector dismounting and cleaning unit, a surface cooler inlet.系統(tǒng)內(nèi)有空氣system with air在冷水管網(wǎng)注水過(guò)程中，如果注水速度過(guò)快，管網(wǎng)內(nèi)會(huì)殘留大量空氣，水流動(dòng)循環(huán)后，這部分空氣會(huì)集中在系統(tǒng)頂部或其他區(qū)域，造成局部空調(diào)器內(nèi)冷水不流動(dòng)或流動(dòng)不暢，影響換熱。In the cold water pipe network water injection process, i

37、f the injection speed too fast, the pipe network within the residual amounts of air, water circulation, the air will be concentrated in the system or on top of other regions, causing local air conditioning cooling water does not flow or the flow is not smooth, effect of heat transfer.這種情況下，需手動(dòng)開(kāi)啟空調(diào)器放

38、氣旋塞和打開(kāi)系統(tǒng)高點(diǎn)排氣閥排氣。由于自動(dòng)排氣閥排氣比較慢，因此在施工中，可以在供、回水主管最高點(diǎn)多安裝幾處排氣裝置，在實(shí)際工程中，可以在排氣支管上安裝一個(gè)三通，三通水平端安裝普通閘閥，向上端安裝自動(dòng)排氣閥， 在管網(wǎng)注水過(guò)程中，可以打開(kāi)閘閥，讓管網(wǎng)內(nèi)的空氣快速大量排出，正常后再關(guān)閉，使用自動(dòng)排氣裝置排氣。In this case, the need to manually open air conditioning vent plug and open the system high exhaust valve. The automatic exhaust valve slowly, there

39、fore in the construction, can a few exhaust device installed in return for charge, the highest point, in the actual project, a three is installed on the exhaust pipe, three horizontal end installed ordinary gate valves, the installation of automatic exhaust valve in the pipe network to the upper end

40、, in the process of water injection, can open the valve, let the air inside the pipe fast discharge, normal after closing, automatic exhaust exhaust use.水流量調(diào)節(jié)分配不合理3.5 water flow regulating unreasonable distribution設(shè)計(jì)人員在設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，根據(jù)不同功能區(qū)需求及節(jié)能要求，在分水器上設(shè)置了一定數(shù)量的閥門(mén)，以分別控制不同場(chǎng)所的水流量，在調(diào)試中需調(diào)節(jié)好這些閥門(mén)的開(kāi)啟圈數(shù)，保證每個(gè)場(chǎng)所空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)的

41、順利循環(huán)和流量的合理分配。Designers in the design of the system, according to the requirement of demand and conservation of different functional areas, the amount of the valve installed in the water separator, water flow of different places, the need to adjust the valve opening laps, ensure the reasonable distri

42、bution of each places smooth circulation and flow of air conditioning water system.4.冷水機(jī)組制冷量達(dá)不到額定值Cooling capacity 4 chiller amounted to less than the rated value制冷機(jī)組是集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的心臟，如出現(xiàn)制冷機(jī)組制冷量不達(dá)標(biāo)問(wèn)題，對(duì)整個(gè)集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)效果有很大影響。造成制冷量不達(dá)標(biāo)問(wèn)題的原因比較多，難以進(jìn)行完全的技術(shù)分析，筆者在這里只談幾點(diǎn)粗淺的認(rèn)識(shí)。Refrigeration unit is the heart of central air

43、 conditioning system, such as the emergence of refrigeration capacity of refrigeration unit standards are not the problem, has a great influence on the central air conditioning system. The cause of the refrigerating capacity not the problem more, it is difficult to analyze complete technology, know

44、the author only talked a few superficial here.actual cooling load exceeds the refrigeration capacity設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，對(duì)于制冷機(jī)組的制冷量要求，設(shè)計(jì)人員已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算。但在施工過(guò)程中，業(yè)主有時(shí)會(huì)在不是設(shè)計(jì)范圍內(nèi)的場(chǎng)所增加空調(diào)設(shè)備，因此，需核對(duì)實(shí)際空調(diào)服務(wù)面積是否超出圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)范圍，如超出，冷負(fù)荷會(huì)比制冷量大，造成機(jī)組冷水出水溫度偏高。The design for the cooling capacity of refrigeration units, requirements, design p

45、ersonnel have carried out a detailed calculation of cooling load. But in the course of construction, the owners will sometimes not in design range of places increased air conditioning equipment, therefore, need to check the actual air conditioning service area is beyond the scope of design drawings,

46、 such as beyond, cooling load than large refrigerating capacity caused by the unit, outlet temperature of chilled water.冷卻水參數(shù)達(dá)不到規(guī)定要求The 4.2 cooling water parameters do not meet requirements冷卻水的水溫和流量是制冷機(jī)組運(yùn)行時(shí)很重要的參數(shù)，冷卻水溫偏高和流量偏小對(duì)制冷機(jī)組效率會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的負(fù)面影響，對(duì)冷卻水參數(shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定要求一定要多加重視和檢查。另外，在設(shè)計(jì)和土建施工時(shí)，要盡量將冷卻塔布置在相對(duì)空曠的屋面上，塔

47、的數(shù)量超過(guò)2臺(tái)時(shí)，需保證相鄰塔的間距為塔直徑的11.5倍以上，以保證各塔的進(jìn)風(fēng)氣流不受影響。The cooling water temperature and flow rate are important parameters of refrigeration unit in operation, the temperature of cooling water and high flow is small on the efficiency of the refrigerating unit will have a great negative impact, on the cooling water parameters meets the specified requirements must pay more attention and check. In addition, in the design and construction