2023年中考英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)精講

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)精講一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者以下情況需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象（2）不知道或不需要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（3）動(dòng)作的發(fā)出 者很明顯主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，將 主動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語(yǔ)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閎y短語(yǔ)。例：They speak English.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）English is spoken by them. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）主 謂 介詞短語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例：（l）We listen to the teacher c

2、arefully in class.主謂 賓-The teacher is listened tn by us carefully in class.主謂 介詞短語(yǔ)（2）We laughed at him.一He was laughed at by us.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法結(jié)構(gòu)：be+done （過(guò)去分詞），被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的be為助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)意義。be可 能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be,具體形式是由時(shí)態(tài)決定的。 用法：History is made by the people.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）The cars were made in Tianjin in 1

3、995.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）The tree will be cut down next year.（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）The book is being written.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）At that time the building was being built.（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）The film has been seen by me.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）They said that their work had been finished.（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）He said the trees would be planted soon.（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）The room must be kept clean.（含

4、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句型（肯定句）（否認(rèn)句）（一般疑問(wèn)句）（肯定句）（否認(rèn)句）（一般疑問(wèn)句）The song is liked by young people.The song isnt liked by young people.Is the song liked by young people ?Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑問(wèn)句）四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法方法分為三步：把原句中的賓語(yǔ)改成主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式be done（同時(shí)注意時(shí)態(tài)）原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)如果需要的話放在介詞by后面，以指明做

5、事的人或物，如 果沒(méi)有必要那么省去例：The man killed a tiger.一 A tiger was killed by the man.五、特殊句型的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有使役動(dòng)詞（make/let/have）或感官動(dòng)詞（ see, hear, smell, taste, feel, watch, find等）的句子，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式, 但是在改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，那么一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help這一 個(gè)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶t。,也可不帶t。，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)中也必須把to加上去。例： Mother often makes me do some

6、 housework.一I am often made to do some housework by mother.We saw him run into the classroom.一He was seen to run into the classroom by us.有些動(dòng)詞常常帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)），改為被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)可以選其中任一個(gè)作主語(yǔ)。如果直接賓語(yǔ)被提前作 主語(yǔ)，那么間接賓語(yǔ)（一般是人）前要加相應(yīng)的介詞to/for。例： She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.一I was given a pen by he

7、r.一A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a new bike.二 My father bought a new bike for me.一I was bought a new bike by my father.A new b汰e was bought fbr me by my father.不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞+賓語(yǔ)的句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞或副詞不能 丟掉。例： We should speak to old people politely.01d people should be spoken to politely by

8、us.He took away the box.一The box was taken away by him.含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子改為變動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（賓補(bǔ)放在原來(lái)位置不變）例：We call him Tom.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)一He is called Tom by us.He found the book very interesting.一The book was found very interesting by him.六、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的常見(jiàn)情況感官連系動(dòng)詞如look, sound, smell, taste, feel無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。彳列：It sounds a good idea. The

9、 skirt feels very soft.某些動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞，并且表示主語(yǔ)的屬性，如sell, open, close, move, read, write, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, drive, carry, dry例： The book sells well. The pen writes smoothly.This coat wears well. The overcoat dries easily.有些動(dòng)詞如need, want, require, worth等，后接主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。彳列： The radio needs repairing. The book is worth reading.表示開(kāi)始和結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞