外研究版必修五Module1知識點匯總課件

1、類別課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項目話題British and American English and other varieties of English詞匯obvious, queue, confusing, compare, variety, differ, settler, remark, steadily, satellite, switch, structure, rapidly, announcement, add, present, simplify, combination, distinctive, look, criticise, standard, referencebe si

2、milar to, get around, have difficulty(in) doing sth., have.in common, in favour of, lead to, make a difference, refer to.as, thanks to類別課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項目功能Giving reasonsI like Leeds because theres more going on here than back home in the States.Since English is spoken all over the world, therere lots of v

3、arieties.As I was the only British person in the school, they made a fuss of me.Im getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent.語法Review of verb forms (1)The British say“Have you got.？” While Americans prefer to“Do you have.？”Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving clo

4、ser together.Many factors have had an influence on American pronunciation.1except1)prep. 除之外，除去，除掉As we all know, the office is open every day except Sundays.正如我們所知，這個辦公室除了星期天之外都是開放的。No one except me agreed to put off the coming sports meet.除我之外沒人同意推遲即將來臨的運動會。2)conj. 如果不是，除之外I could buy the suit, ex

5、cept that it costs too much.如果不是它售價太高的話，我本想買下那件衣服的。I cycled to school, except when it rained.我騎車去學(xué)校，除了下雨之外。詞語辨析except/besides/except for/but1)except和besides都可作“除之外”解，但含義不同。(1)except表示從所提到的人或事物中除去，即從整體中除去一部分，是遞減的概念，含義是否定的。(2)besides表示“除了之外(還有)”，指在整體中加入一部分，是遞增的概念，含義是肯定的。如：We all went except him.除他之外，我

6、們都去了。(他沒有去)We all went besides him.除他之外，我們大家也都去了。(他也去了)2)except for主要有三層含義：(1)表示對整體主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。如：Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.你的作文要不是有幾處拼寫錯誤就非常優(yōu)秀了。(2)表示非同類事物進(jìn)行比較。如：The street is empty except for several cars.除了幾輛車外，街道空空如也。(3)置于句首時，表達(dá)except的

7、含義。如：Except for this everything is in order.除了這之外，一切都井然有序。3)but含義與except相同，也表示遞減的概念，二者在多數(shù)情況下可以互換，但用法稍有區(qū)別。except可以代替but，但but并不一定都可以代替except，如果句中有no, all, nobody, who, where等不定代詞或疑問詞時，多用but，后跟賓語從句時，多用except。如：Nobody but you could be so selfish.除了你之外，誰也不會這樣自私。高考鏈接(2008浙江)Everything was perfect for the

8、picnic_the weather.Ain place ofBas well asCexcept for Din case of解析：in place of“代替”；as well as “也，又”；except for“除之外”；in case of“萬一；假設(shè)”。句意：野餐的計劃除天氣外已經(jīng)都準(zhǔn)備好了。答案：C即學(xué)即用She remembered nothing about him_his hair was black.Aexcept for BexceptCbesides Dexcept that答案：D2within1)prep.在之內(nèi)；不超過；在范圍以內(nèi)I will be back

9、 within an hour.我在一小時之內(nèi)回來。We live within 3 miles of each other.我們兩家相距不到三英里。2)n. 內(nèi)部The door opens from within.這門從里向外開。3)adv. 在內(nèi)部；在心中I am grateful within.我從內(nèi)心里表示感激。知識拓展within doors 在屋內(nèi)within oneself 在心里within ones power 在某人的權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)within ones grasp 力量達(dá)得到live within ones income 量入為出即學(xué)即用完成句子(1)他們應(yīng)該在兩年內(nèi)建好這

10、座橋。They are supposed to finish the bridge _ _ _.(2)公園內(nèi)不允許打獵。Hunting is not permitted_ _ _.答案：(1)within two years(2)within the park3divide v. 分割；分配；分開(常和介詞into, between, among連用)He divides his energies between study and business.他把一部分精力用來學(xué)習(xí)，一部分用來搞業(yè)務(wù)。The teacher divided our class into four groups.老師把我

11、們班分成四個小組。The children divided up the candy among themselves.孩子們把糖果分吃了。知識拓展divided adj. 分開的division n. 分開；隔離divide by 用除(盡)；因分裂divide from 把分開divide into 分成divide up 分開；劃分divided opinions 分歧的意見詞語辨析separate/divide/part三個詞都含“分開”的意思。1)separate指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。多與from，by一起搭配使用。如：Separate those two boys who

12、 are fighting, will you?(你)把那兩個打架的孩子拉開，好嗎？England is separated from France by the English Channel.英國與法國被英吉利海峽分隔開。2)divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”，常與介詞between, among, into搭配。如：Divide the candies among the children, please.請把糖塊分給孩子們。3)part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”。如：Part gold from silver.把金銀分開。即學(xué)即用(1)The head

13、teacher_the class into six groups.Aseparated BdividedCparted Dreformed(2)Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20hour operation to have_oneyearold twins at the head.Aisolated BseparatedCdivided Dremoved答案：(1)B(2)B4exchange1)n.交換；交流；兌換Lets have an exchange of views on the matter.

14、我們對這件事交換一下意見吧。He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他給了我一個蘋果，換一塊蛋糕。America wants to promote trade and cultural exchanges with China.美國想加強與中國的貿(mào)易和文化交流。Where can I find the best exchange rate?在什么地方我才能獲得最好的兌換價？2)v. 交換；交流；兌換Well have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.明天我們將有機會交換看法。Id like to

15、exchange some pounds for dollars.我想把一些英鎊兌換成美金。詞語辨析1)exchange指的是相互交換，相互交流或貨物、貨幣的兌換。常用短語：exchange.for.以交換。如：The deputy manager exchanged the companys interest for his personal honour.副經(jīng)理為了個人榮譽出賣了公司的利益。2)change表示“交換”時，與exchange同義。但它也指某人或某物狀態(tài)的改變。常用短語：o.將變成；change.for.將換成。如：Youll have to change

16、 planes at Seattle.你得在西雅圖換乘另一架飛機。I had to change my old computer for a new one.我不得不把我的舊電腦換成新的。高考鏈接Ive offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodation.Ain exchange for Bwith regard toCby means of Din place of解析：該題是短語意義辨析題。句意是：我主動提出來漆房子，以此交換這一周的住宿。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該選用in exchange for，表示“用以交換”。with regard to “關(guān)

17、于”；by means of “憑借手段”；in place of“替代”。答案：A即學(xué)即用I often_stamps_him.Achange, for Bexchange, withCchange, with Dexchange, for答案：B5fun1)n. 愉快；開心Have fun at the party tonight.在今晚的晚會上玩得開心點。Theres no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards.整個晚上打撲克牌沒有意思。2)n. 玩笑Hes fond of fun.他喜歡玩笑。We are making fun

18、of him.我們在和他開玩笑。He doesnt just write for fun; in fact, writing is his bread and butter.他從事寫作不是為了好玩，事實上寫作是他的謀生之道。注意：1)fun是不可數(shù)名詞，即使表示“有趣的人或事物”，前面也不能加冠詞。2)如果表示“某人或某事很有趣”， 要用fun，一般不用funny，funny常用來表示“滑稽的，奇怪的”。如：Its great fun to have a talk with you.與你聊天真有趣。How funny you look with that hat on!你戴著那頂帽子看起來真是

19、滑稽！知識拓展for/in fun 開玩笑的；不是認(rèn)真的great fun 有趣的人/事物make fun of嘲弄；取笑What fun！多么有趣！Have fun! 玩得開心！即學(xué)即用_it is to watch a close match and cheer for our favourite team!AWhat a fun BWhat funCHow fun DHow funny答案：B1have.in common 有相同的特點Jane and I have nothing in common.I have nothing in common with Jane.我與簡毫無共同之

20、處。Although they are twin brothers, they have little in common with each other.盡管是孿生兄弟，他們之間卻很少有共同之處。Their opinions had much in common with mine.他們的意見和我的有許多共同的地方。知識拓展have sth. in common (with sb.)意為“(與某人)想法、興趣等相同”；have sth. in common (with sth.)意為“(與某物)有相同的特征或特點”，其賓語一般是a lot，everything, much, little等。

21、in common 共同，共同享有的，共同使用的in common with 和一樣，有共同之處out of(the) common 不尋常的，特殊的詞語辨析common/ordinary/general/usual上面四個詞都含“普通的，經(jīng)常的”的意思，但是在使用上是有差別的。1)common強調(diào)“常見的”；“不足為奇的”。This bird is common throughout Europe.這種鳥在歐洲很常見。2)ordinary強調(diào)“平常的”；“平淡無奇的”。The book which I have read recently is about ordinary people.我

22、最近讀的這本書是關(guān)于普通人的。3)general意為“普遍的”；“一般的”。This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.這本書是為一般讀者寫的，不是為專家寫的。4)usual意為“一貫如此的；習(xí)慣性的”。As usual, he arrived early and started to work.像往常一樣，他很早就到了，并開始工作。This is the usual state of the house.這房子里平常就是這個樣子。高考鏈接Letterboxes are much more _ in

23、the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.Acommon BnormalCordinary Dusual解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。強調(diào)常見性用common；強調(diào)平凡性用ordinary；強調(diào)正常性用normal；強調(diào)頻率用usual或regular。由句意知，此處強調(diào)常見性。答案：A即學(xué)即用Althoughtheyaretwins,theydont_anything_ Ahave, in commonBhave, to do withCmake, in commonDmake, difference to答案

24、：A2make a difference 有影響；使不相同The rain did not make a difference to the game.這場雨對比賽沒有太大影響。Their help has made a big difference to the teams success.他們的幫助對球隊的成功起了重要的作用。It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.他去不去對我沒什么影響。知識拓展make much difference(make a lot of difference) 對有很大影響make no diffe

25、rence 對沒有影響make some difference 對有一些影響即學(xué)即用He tried a new method to do the experiment, but it made_difference.Aa BnoCany Dmuch答案：B1It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.無論一個老師說英國英語還是美國英語都是沒有太大差異的。此句中的it是形式主語，doesnt make much of a difference是謂語；由連接詞wh

26、ether引導(dǎo)的主語從句whether a teacher speaks British or American English才是句子真正的主語。it作形式主語的用法：當(dāng)動詞不定式、動名詞和主語從句作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主語，把真正的主語放在句末。如：It worried me a lot that he keeps changing his mind.他不斷地變換他的想法使我很擔(dān)心。It is my duty to care for that patient.照料那位病人是我的職責(zé)。It is a waste of time arguing with him.和他爭辯是浪費時間。高考鏈接(2009上海)It is immediately clear_the financial crisis will soon be over.Asince BwhatCwhen Dwhether解析：這是it作形式主語的名詞性從句。句意為“金融危機是否很快結(jié)束不會立刻明朗的”。若主語從句中去掉soon，也可以選C項，即“金融危機