高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧

1、高考短文改錯(cuò)專題考綱解讀旨在考察考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤的能力，及考察考生在語(yǔ)篇中綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力；考生首先需要找出短文中的錯(cuò)誤，然后，按照題目要求及錯(cuò)誤的形式標(biāo)上相應(yīng)的符號(hào)，糾正錯(cuò)誤；錯(cuò)誤的形式分別為缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞。選材特點(diǎn)滿分10分，100個(gè)單詞左右的短文，10處錯(cuò)誤；錯(cuò)誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等；選材在內(nèi)容上及文字上都比較簡(jiǎn)單，錯(cuò)誤多為初、中級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者寫作時(shí)常犯的。錯(cuò)誤分布基本構(gòu)成：1增1刪8改正；分布情況：動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞副詞、冠詞、介詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、連詞、主謂一致、固定搭配等；*給分原則：找出錯(cuò)誤0.5，改正錯(cuò)誤0.5。做題步驟1、瀏覽全文，讀懂大意；2、題從

2、行出，錯(cuò)由句生。必須以句為單位來(lái)改錯(cuò)，有些錯(cuò)誤要根據(jù)上下文甚至從整篇短文出發(fā)才能改出來(lái)；3、改完再檢查一遍；4、書寫規(guī)范，卷面整潔。答題規(guī)范*務(wù)必要規(guī)范答題！增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞；刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉；修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。*注意：每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤！出題點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞名詞代詞形容詞和副詞冠詞介詞連詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主謂一致固定搭配其他動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)）1、時(shí)態(tài)混用eg.(1)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. read (2)I was only four whe

3、n she passes away. passed解題技巧：拿到題目時(shí)，要注意時(shí)間提示詞，多數(shù)情況下，題目往往是用過(guò)去時(shí)居多，然后在其中含有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子。動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)）2、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用eg.(1)An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.(2)Books may be keep for four weeks. kept解題技巧:判斷一下主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系是主謂還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系即可。*主動(dòng)被動(dòng)誤用*被動(dòng)少be動(dòng)詞*be+done, 過(guò)去分詞錯(cuò)名詞（以錯(cuò)詞為主）1、單復(fù)數(shù)混用eg.(1)Th

4、e new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school. classmates(2)I bought a lot of furnitures. furniture?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞：knowledge，equipment, fun, advice, progress,furniture, news, etc.名詞（以錯(cuò)詞為主）2、所有格eg. We took our holiday at my uncle. uncles解題技巧：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞要分清；其次，還要注意名詞前面的修飾詞 some，many,much,all,

5、 both, (a)few,(a) little,有時(shí)候不一定是名詞錯(cuò)，而是前面的修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)。代詞（格、性、數(shù)）1、格的正確使用eg. （1）I believe you experience will be a lot better. your（2）I woke up and found me still in bed. myself2、性別和數(shù)的一致性eg.We can tell others our need, and accept his help. their形容詞和副詞1、形容詞副詞的混用eg.(1)Unfortunate，there are too many Unfortunatel

6、y people in my family.(2), but he can speak Chinese fluent. fluently2、-ing和-ed形容詞的混用eg. I was shocking to hear the news,. shocked形容詞和副詞3、不同級(jí)之間的誤用eg. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys. richer4、近義詞及形近詞的誤用hard/hardly, late/later/latter/latest/latelyeg. Late on, my aunt drove me home

7、. Later冠詞(a/an/the)1、多用eg.I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began.2、少用eg.Last year, he paid visit to China. a冠詞(a/an/the)3、誤用（高頻考點(diǎn),a/an誤用）eg.(1)He studied in the university in Nanjing. a(2)After a hour we began to feel frightened. an*注意:/j/開(kāi)頭的詞, useful, usual,European h開(kāi)頭但

8、不發(fā)音的詞，honour, honest介詞eg.(1)Because the help you gave me that ofsummer ,my life changed.(2)I imagine youll be at vacation yourself. on解題技巧：介詞的錯(cuò)誤多半和固定搭配或用法有關(guān)，特別要記好to 作為介詞使用的短語(yǔ)。連詞1.并列連詞：and, but, or, so.(1)邏輯關(guān)系eg.All I had to do was to write a story or present it. and(2)平行結(jié)構(gòu)，前后一致 eg. Im thinking of ma

9、king a trip and visit the British. visiting連詞2、從屬連詞高頻詞：when,while, as ,since, until, before,after,if, so that, even if,as if, etc.eg. Before waiting for an hour, he finally Afterfinished the task.3.易錯(cuò)詞：although/but, because/so； but /however, so/therefore, because/because of非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(-ing,-ed及不定式)錯(cuò)誤類型：謂語(yǔ)

10、和非謂語(yǔ)的誤用；-ed和-ing的混用；to 的多用，少用和誤用eg.(1)Felt hungry, we ate some deserts. Feeling(2).I shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. taken方法：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主謂一致1、就近一致原則(1)or,nor,erither.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)；(2)There be 句型中eg.(1)Neither they nor he are wholly right. is(2)The

11、re are a desk and two chairs in the room is主謂一致2、意義一致原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義保持一致eg.(1)John is a taxi driver who love going. loves(2)Its I that is your ture friend. am注意：as well as, rather than, together with,along with,but, except等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就前不就后！固定搭配主要靠積累eg. (1)My teacher advised me to keep my diary. a(2)In my

12、 surprise, he did well in his job. To(3)I have no difficulty learn English. learning其他1、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞2、使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞3、固定句型4、名詞性從句中what的使用 My grandfather and I enjoy fishing. One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake. We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. As soon as we arrived, so we dropped th

13、e lines into the water. Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently. I wanted to give up, and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer. Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. Within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish

14、. Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. It was delicious.2013.陜西My grandfather and I enjoy fishing.One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake. We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently. I wanted to give up, and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer. Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. Within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish.Felt hungry, we built a fire by