2022年中國文化翻譯練習(xí)20篇

1、一、對龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年；中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物；中國龍的形成 與中華民族的多元融合過程同步；在中國人的心目中,龍具有開拓變化和團結(jié)凝結(jié)的寓意；1 對龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年；Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for over 8,000 years. 2 中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物；The ancients in China considered the dragon or loong

2、as a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox withcloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. 3 中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步；The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. 4 在中國人的心目中,龍具有開拓變化和團結(jié)凝結(jié) 的寓意；T

3、o the Chinese, the dragon signifiesinnovation and cohesion. 1 二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈,通常在 北方省份表演；秧歌舞者通常穿上光明多彩的表演服 裝,他們的表演動作有力快速；在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié) 等節(jié)日期間,人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲,不管外面天氣有 多冷,他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演；近年來,中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊,隊 員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康,同時他們也樂在其 中；1 秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈,通常在 北方省份表演；Yangko is one of the traditional folk

4、dances of Han nationality in China. It is usually performed in Northern provinces. 2 秧歌舞者通常穿上光明多彩的表演服裝,他們的 表演動作有力快速；The dancers usually wear / are dressed in colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. 3 在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間,人們一旦聽到 鑼鼓聲,不管外面天氣有多冷,他們都會蜂擁到街上 看秧歌舞表演；During some fes

5、tivals such as the Spring Festival, the 2 Lantern Festival, on hearing the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is, people will come to the street and appreciate the Yangko. 4 近年來,中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了 了秧歌隊,隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康,同時 他們也樂在其中；In recent years, the old people in some east-norther

6、n cities of China have organized the team of Yangko by themselves; the team members keep healthy by dancing Yangko the whole year round. 三、長城是人類制造的世界奇跡之一；假如你到了中 國卻沒去過長城,就像到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔,或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣；人們常說：“ 不到長城非英雄； ” 實際上,長城最初只是一些斷 斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻,直到秦朝才將其連城長城；然而,今天我們看到的長城-東起山海關(guān)西至嘉峪關(guān)-大部分都是在明代修建的；1 長城是人類制造的

7、世界奇跡之一；The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that have been created by human beings. 2 假如你到了中國卻沒去過長城,就像到了巴黎沒 有去看看菲爾鐵塔,或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字3 塔一樣；If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; orgoing to Egypt withoutvisiting

8、 the Pyramids. 3 人們常說： “ 不到長城非英雄； ”It is often said, “ He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” 4 實際上,長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻,直 到秦朝才將其連城長城；In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become “ the Great Wall ” until the Qin Dynasty. 5 然而,今日

9、我們看到的長城-東起山海關(guān)西至嘉峪關(guān)-大部分都是在明代修建的；However, the wall we see today, starting fromShanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 四、餃子是深受中國人民寵愛的傳統(tǒng)食品；相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景創(chuàng)造；餃子的制作包括：1） 搟皮、2） 備餡、 3） 包餡水煮三個步驟；其特點是皮薄餡嫩,味道鮮美,外形特殊,百食不厭；民間有“ 好吃4 不過餃子 ” 的俗語；中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)

10、都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗,寓意吉利；對崇尚親情的中國人來說,“ 更歲交子 ” 吃餃子,更是歡慶除夕、辭舊迎新必不行少的內(nèi)容；1 餃子是深受中國人民寵愛的傳統(tǒng)食品；Dumplings are one of the Chinese people favorite traditional dishes. 2 相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景創(chuàng)造；According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. 3 餃子的制作包括：餡水煮三個步驟；1） 搟皮、 2） 備餡、 3）

11、 包There are three steps in making dumplings: 1 make dumpling wrappers out of / with dumpling flour; 2 prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3 make dumplings and boil them. 4 其特點是皮薄餡嫩,味道鮮美,外形特殊,百食 不厭；With thin and elastic dough wrappers, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplin

12、gs are very delicious to eat. 5 5 民間有 “ 好吃不過餃子 ” 的俗語；Therean old saying that, “ Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings” . 6 中國人接親待客、 逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗,寓意吉利；During the Spring Festival and other holidays or when entertaining relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custo

13、m of eating dumplings. 7 對崇尚親情的中國人來說,“ 更歲交子 ” 吃餃子,更是歡慶除夕、辭舊迎新必不行少的內(nèi)容；To Chinese people who believe in family affection/ties, having dumplings at the moment of the old year replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year. 五、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分；依據(jù)中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò) 理論

14、,針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血,來 達到陰陽歸于平穩(wěn),使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的；其特點 是“ 內(nèi)病外治 ” ；主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的肯定 穴位,或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ?以達到 刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)、治療病痛的目的；針灸以其特殊的優(yōu)勢,流傳至今并傳播到了世界,與中餐、功夫、中藥一起6 被海外譽為中國的 “ 新四大國粹 ” ；1 針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分；Acupuncture is an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine TCM. 2 依據(jù)中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論,針灸療法主要是通過疏通 經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血,來達到陰陽歸于平穩(wěn),使臟

15、腑趨于 調(diào)和之目的；ain and collateral channels In accordance with the “ m theory ” in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood so as tokeep the bodys yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. 3 其特點是 “ 內(nèi)病外治 ” ；It features in traditi

16、onal Chinese medicine that “ internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy ” .4 主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的肯定穴位,或用 艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ?以達到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)、治療病痛的目的；The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the 7 patien

17、t s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. 5 針灸以其特殊的優(yōu)勢, 流傳至今并傳播到了世界,與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽為中國的“ 新四大國粹” ；With its unique advantages, acupuncture has beenhanded down generation after generation and has now spreadall over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along withChinese food, kung fu o

18、therwise known as Chinese martial arts, and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed asone of the “ four new national treasures.”六、中國功夫即中國武術(shù)承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng) 文化,是將攻防技術(shù)寓于搏斗和套路運動之中的中國 傳統(tǒng)體育項目；其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說,同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想；中國武術(shù)源遠流長、流派林立、拳種繁多,講究剛?cè)岵?、?nèi)外兼修,蘊 含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟；后世所稱十八般武 藝,主要指：徒手

19、拳藝,如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫,如刀槍劍戟ji3、斧鉞 yue4鉤叉等；1 中國功夫即中國武術(shù)承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng) 文化,是將攻防技術(shù)寓于搏斗和套路運動之中的中國8 傳統(tǒng)體育項目；Chinese Kung Fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in combat and the motions. 2 其核心

20、思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說,同時兼容了 道家、釋家的思想；The core idea of Chinese kung fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “ the mean and harmony” and “ cultivating qi ” otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit. Meanwhile, it also includes some thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. 3 中國武術(shù)源遠流長、流派林立、拳種繁多,講究 剛?cè)岵?、?nèi)外兼修,包蘊著先

21、哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟；Chinese kung fu has a long history,with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softnessand internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe. 4 后世所稱十八般武藝,主要指：徒手拳藝,如太 極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器

22、械功夫,如刀槍劍戟 ji3、9 斧鉞yue4鉤叉等；The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons, named by the later generations, mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such asshadow boxing Taijiquan, form and will boxing Xingyiquan, eight trigram palm Baguazhang, and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the s

23、kill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, hooks, prongs and so on. 七、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡潔圖畫,經(jīng)過不斷 演化進展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意、韻的特殊文 字；現(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文,被認為 是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形； 此后,漢字又經(jīng)受了金文、 隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段；漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“ 外圓內(nèi) 方” 源于古人“ 天圓地方” 的觀念；漢字有五種基本 筆畫,即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折；1 漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡潔圖畫,經(jīng)過不斷 演化進展最終成為

24、一種兼具音、形、意、韻的特殊文 字；Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help primitive people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally 10 became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. 2 現(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文

25、,被認為 是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形；The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. 3 此后,漢字又經(jīng)受了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段；Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic

26、 styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. 4 漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“ 外圓內(nèi)方” 源于古人“ 天圓地方” 的 觀念；Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. 5 漢字有五種基本筆畫,即：橫、豎

27、、撇、捺、折；The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are the 11 horizontal stroke, the vertical stroke, the left-falling stroke, the right-falling stroke and the turning stroke. 八、中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟；有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年；筷子古時稱為箸zhu4,它看似簡潔, 但卻同時具有夾、 撥、挑、扒、拌、 撮、戳、撕等多種功能；中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物,如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝愿等；與使用刀

28、叉以及手抓的方式不同,成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有“ 和為貴 “ 的意蘊；西方人贊譽筷子是古老的東方文明；1 中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟；The Chinese way of eating with chopsticksis unique in the world. 2 有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年；The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. 3 筷子古時稱為箸 zhu4,它看似簡潔, 但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能；Chopsticks were na

29、med zhu in ancient Chinese. They are seemingly simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. 12 4 中國民間視筷子為吉利之物,如婚俗中將筷子隱 喻為快生貴子的祝愿等；Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary peopl

30、e in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing for the couple to have a baby soon. 5 與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同,成雙結(jié)對的筷 子含有 “ 和為貴 “ 的意蘊；Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the

31、meaning of “ Harmony is what matters” .6 西方人贊譽筷子是古老的東方文明；Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a mark of ancient oriental civilization. 九、印章就是圖章；中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂,而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等；據(jù)史料記載,印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用；印章的制作是將篆zhuan4隸等字體、圖像用陰 凹、陽凸的形式雕刻 而成,外形以圓、方為主；印章用朱色鈐 qian2蓋,除日常應(yīng)用外,又多用于書畫題

32、識,逐步成為中國特13 有的藝術(shù)形式之一；1 印章就是圖章；A seal can also be defined as a stamp. 2 中國歷代官、 私所用的印章有印信、 朱記、合同、符、 契等等不同的稱謂,而帝王所用的印章古時稱 璽、印、寶、章等；Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the empero

33、rs of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, zhang etc. 3 據(jù)史料記載,印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用；According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period. 4 印章的制作是將篆zhuan4隸等字體、圖像用陰凹、陽凸的形式雕刻而成,外形以圓、方為主；The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters, official scripts an

34、d so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as either round or square. 5 印章用朱色鈐 qian2蓋,除日常應(yīng)用外,又多用 于書畫題識,逐步成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一；14 Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used torepresent signatures on pa

35、intings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of Chinas unique artworks. 十、 天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法； 十天干為：甲、 乙、 丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、 未、申、酉、戊、亥；古人觀測朔望月,發(fā)覺 月亮圓缺 12 次大體上是一年的天數(shù),而兩個朔望月 約是 60 天；古人以十天干與十二地支的次序依次相配,記錄不同年份,60 年為一個輪回；干支紀年法從古沿用至今；按干支紀年法,2022 年便是辛卯年；1 天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年

36、歲的方 法；The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. 2 十天干為： 甲、 乙、 丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥；The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: 15 zi, chou, yin, mao, chen, s

37、i, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai3 古人觀測朔望月,發(fā)覺月亮圓缺12 次大體上是一年的天數(shù),而兩個朔望月約是 60 天；After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always waxes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days. 4 古人以十天干與十二地支的次序依次相配,記錄 不同年份, 60 年為一個輪回；So the order of the ten

38、Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. 5 干支紀年法從古沿用至今；The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. 6 按干支紀年法, 2022 年便是辛卯年；According

39、to the chronology of the “ ten Heavenly Stems, ” 2022 is the Xin Mao Year” .一、京劇被譽為 “ 東方歌劇 ” , 是地道的中國國粹；它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇,特殊是南方的“ 徽班” ；到了 19 世紀末,京劇形成并成為中國最大16 的戲曲劇種； 京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù), 集唱（唱歌）、念（念白）、做（表演）、 打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體,通過程式化的表演手段,表達故事,刻畫人物；角色主要分生（男性） 、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)；1 京劇被譽為 “ 東方歌劇 ” , 是地道的中國國粹；Pra

40、ised as “ Oriental Opera” , Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. 2 它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇,特殊是南方 的“ 徽班 ” ；It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especiallyhuiban in southern China. 3 到了 19 世紀末,京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲 曲劇種；At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and t

41、ook shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. 4 京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù), 集唱（唱歌）、念（念白）、做（表演）、 打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體,通過程式化的表演手段,表達故事,刻畫人物；Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatic fighting and dance. 17 Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through st

42、ylized acting. 5 角色主要分生（男性） 、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)；The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng male, dan young female, jing painted face, male, and chou clown, either male or female. 二、道教是中國土生土長的宗教；創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子；道教以老子所著的 道德經(jīng)為主要經(jīng)典；道教主見“ 重人貴生 ” , 崇尚清靜無為,修身養(yǎng)性； “ 道可道,特別道；名可名,特別名；無名天地之始；出

43、名萬物之母；故常無,欲以觀其妙；常有,欲以觀其徼 jiao4” 便是老子的至理名言；1 道教是中國土生土長的宗教；創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期 的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子；Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Lao-zi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period. 2 道教以老子所著的道德經(jīng)為主要經(jīng)典；Tao Te Ching, written by Lao-zi, is considered to be the main T

44、aoist classic. 3 道教主見 “重人貴生 ” , 崇尚清靜無為,修身養(yǎng)性；18 Taoism advocates the value of a human being life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from ones mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. 4 “ 道可道,特別道；名可名,特別名；The following is an example

45、 of Lao-zi wise saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; the names that can be named are not unvarying names. 5 無名天地之始；出名萬物之母；It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; the named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. 6 故常無,欲以觀其妙

46、；常有,欲以觀其徼 jiao4”便是老子的至理名言；Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 三、中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語； “ 成語” 中的“ 成” 既是商定俗成；成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位；絕大多19 數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成,例如：自強不息、青出于藍、厚積薄發(fā)；成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品

47、、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成；成語是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分；1 中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固 定詞組或短語；Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. 2 “ 成 語 ” 中 的 “ 成 ” 既 是 約 定 俗 成 ； Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. 3 成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位；An idiom

48、 is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word 4 絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成,例如：自 強不息、青出于藍、厚積薄發(fā)；Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters, for example, ziqiangbuxi make unremitting efforts to improve oneself, qingchuyulan bluer than indigo, and houjibofa su

49、ccess comes with time and effort. 5 成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓 言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成；20 Idioms are extracted from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. 6 成語是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分；Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vita

50、lity. 四、中國是絲綢的家鄉(xiāng)；栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅 sao1絲、織綢是中國古代人民的宏大創(chuàng)造；商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已進展到相當(dāng)高的水平；西漢時張騫出訪西域,把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來,開創(chuàng)了中外溝通貿(mào)易的新紀元；從今中國的絲綢以其杰出的品質(zhì)、精致的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵著名于世,成為中國文化的象征 ,東方文明的使者；1 中國是絲綢的家鄉(xiāng)；China is the home of silk. 2 栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅 sao1絲、織綢是中國古代人民的 宏大創(chuàng)造；Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving are a

51、ll great inventions of the ancient Chinese. 3 商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已進展到相當(dāng)高的水 平；21 As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese people silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. 4 西漢時張騫出訪西域,把中原與波斯灣、地中海 緊密聯(lián)系起來,開創(chuàng)了中外溝通貿(mào)易的新紀元；During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplo

52、mat, traveled around central Asia and connectedChina with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. 5 從今中國的絲綢以其杰出的品質(zhì)、精致的花色和 豐富的文化內(nèi)涵著名于世, 成為中國文化的象征 ,東方 文明的使者；From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordinary quality

53、, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Since then, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization. 五、中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然 地貌有機結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù),是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍 寶；其建造原就是 “ 妙極自然,宛自天開 ” ；游賞中國” 的 古典園林,能充分領(lǐng)會 “ 假自然之景,創(chuàng)山水真趣22 園林意境；在世界三大園

54、林體系中,中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富,被譽為世界造園史上的淵源之一；1 中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然 地貌有機結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù),是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶；The Chinese classical garden, as a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape, is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese

55、 architecture. 2 其建造原就是 “ 妙極自然,宛自天開 ” ；The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ” ingenious and natural.3 游賞中國古典園林,能充分領(lǐng)會 山水真趣 ” 的園林意境；“ 假自然之景,創(chuàng)When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its arti

56、stic concept which “ makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” 4 Of the world three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins 23 of the world garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. 六、筆墨紙

57、硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的珍寶,被稱為 “ 文房四寶 ” ； 用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前； 秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢 代以人工制墨替代了自然墨； 有了紙張以后,簡牘du2 錦帛 bo2逐失其用；硯臺就隨筆墨的使用而進展；“ 文房四寶 ” 到宋朝以后特指湖筆、 徽墨、宣紙、端硯；可以說文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明；1 筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的珍寶,被稱為 “ 文房四寶 ” ；The Four Treasures of the Study - the writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paperwere requis

58、ite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “ Four Treasures of the Study.” 2 用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前；The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint 5,000 years before. 3 秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工 制墨替代了自然墨；In the Qin Dyn

59、asty 221BC-206BC, people already 24 used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty 206BC-220AD, man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. 4 有了紙張以后,簡牘 du2錦帛bo2逐失其用；硯 臺就隨筆墨的使用而進展；After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, b

60、rocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. 5 “ 文房四寶 ” 到宋朝以后特指湖筆、 徽墨、宣紙、端 硯；After the Song Dynasty 960AD-1279AD, the “ Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the