【課件】定語從句 課件-2023屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、定語從句the Attributive Clause高考句法目錄010203What is the Attribute Clauserelated concept How to solve problems Content01What is the Attribute Clause定語從句I like the students who study hard.定語從句，是指能夠起定語作用的從句。02related concept 1.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，是一個名詞2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞3.分 類：限制性定語從句、非限制性定語從句I like the stud

2、ents who study hard.考點精析(1)限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制、區(qū)分的作用，并與先行詞有著不可分割的關(guān)系，這種從句不能省略，否則主句的意思就不完整、不明確。翻譯時一般作前置定語來譯，意為“的”。Paper cuts of animls have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.早在南北朝時期的墓中就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了動物剪紙?？键c精析(2)非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描繪作用，如果省略不會影響主句的意思，主句

3、也能獨立存在，它與主句之間通常用逗號隔開。翻譯時一般將主句和從句譯成并列形式。I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.上個星期我從圖書館借了夏洛克福爾摩斯這本書，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。關(guān)系代詞that 人或物 主語或賓語 which 物 主語或賓語who 人 主語或賓語whom 人 賓語whose 人的或物的 定語（驗證方法）as 正如 主語、賓語、表語關(guān)系副詞where 地點why 原因when 時間狀語關(guān)系詞選關(guān)系詞看先行詞在定從

4、中成分主語、賓語 關(guān)系代詞狀語 關(guān)系副詞1、引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語時可省略2、當(dāng)定語從句有多個that時，第一個that可以省略3、難題的解法：先行詞代入法一、只用that不用which(1)先行詞為不定代詞anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、 some、much、 none、 little、 few、 no、the one等時。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒絕接受因別人的錯誤而對我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。一、只用that不用which(2)

5、先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the best way that I can solve the problem.(4)先行詞被the only、the very(就是)、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all、one of all、just等修飾時。The only part of the meal

6、that I really liked was the dessert.一、只用that不用which(5)先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.(6)被修飾的詞為數(shù)詞時。He brought two cats yesterday. Now you can see the two that are playing in the garden.一、只用that不用which(7)若主句中有疑問代詞

7、 who 或者 which，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞不要用 who, which而用that。Which was the hotel that was recommended to you? (8)主句是There be結(jié)構(gòu)修飾其主語的定語從句用that作關(guān)系代詞。Theres still a seat in the corner that is still free.二、只用which不用that(1)介詞前置且指物時My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.(2)非限制性定語從句

8、修飾某物或整個句子時The machine ,which I have looked after for many years , is still working perfectly.She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(3)當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時。ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.三、難用的 whose（人的、物的）1.驗證方法2.The house whose window is broken is big.3.whose+名詞 =the +n + of

9、which/whom =of which/whom + the + n.The house the window of which is broken is big.The house of which the window is broken is big.三、難用的 whose（人的、物的）The girl whose hair is goden is from England.四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞介詞的選用原則： （1）固定搭配（從句動詞、先行詞） （2）句意關(guān)系代詞選用原則：（1)指物which （2）指人whomThere are occasions _ one must y

10、ield.Beijing is the place _ I was born.Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?This is the camera _ I spent 6 yuan. This is the camera _ I paid 6 yuan. I remember the day _ I came to my tower of ivory. I remember the days _ I visited Paris. Ps.并不是每個介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能找到對應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when(on which)where(in which)wh

11、y(for which)on which (spend money on sth.固定搭配） for which (pay money for sth. 固定搭配）on which (強(qiáng)調(diào)具體某一天）duing which （強(qiáng)調(diào)在這期間）四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇(1)根據(jù)介詞和定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(2)根據(jù)介詞與前面先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。Well never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall.(3)根

12、據(jù)介詞與定語從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar.(4)根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思。We had supper at six oclock, after which I went to see my uncle.(5)在非限制性定從中表“所有關(guān)系”或“整體中的一部分”時用介詞ofHe wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful.四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞Do you still remember the day w

13、hen (on which)we went to the beach?We cant find the house where (in which) we used to live.The reason why (for which) he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to.特別提醒含有固定搭配的動詞短語，由于其關(guān)系緊密，不宜拆分，所以不能將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。這類常見的動詞短語有：look after, take care of, listen to, look at, look into, ru

14、n across, look forward to, break into等。五、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句：當(dāng)先行詞前有such、the same 、so、as時用作關(guān)系代詞（作主、賓、狀）I saw the same dress in the store as she wore the day before.He is not such a fool as he looks.2.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句：可放在句首意為：“正如” 、“好像”（作主、賓、表）As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.He studie

15、s very hard, as we know.常見插入語：as is expected/reported /mentioned above 、 as we all see/know，as is known to all、 as is often the case(情況常常是這樣）五、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句【學(xué)以致用】The math problem is so hard that nobody can solve it.The math problem is so hard as nobody can solve.FZ is such a wonderful place that many pe

16、ople want to pay a visit. FZ is such a wonderful place as many people want to pay a visit to. 【特別提醒】有so,as,such,the same 時，缺賓語時用as, 不缺賓語時用that六、Where的特殊用法當(dāng)先行詞是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree，meeting,platfrom,activity,job,atmosphere,occasion等詞，表示抽象地點時用whereHe had to face th

17、e condition where pressure was heavy.七、the way 的特殊考法(1)當(dāng)先行詞是the way時，way在從句中作狀語時，則從句引導(dǎo)詞用in which/that/不填(2)如果the way作先行詞，定語從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語，則引導(dǎo)詞用which/that/不填I(lǐng) dont like the way in which/that/不填 he speaks to me.He has given you the way which/that/不填 is best to solve the problem.The way which/that/不填 he

18、 explained to us was quite simple. The way in which/that/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 八、one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞主謂一致問題One of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作先行詞時，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)One of前面有the only 、the very等修飾時，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞)

19、He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞)九、as和whichas 與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，翻譯成“這一點、這件事”但是只有as可以位于句首The earth is round, which/as is known to all.As is known to all, the earth is round.十、先行詞是time的情況It/This/That is (was) the first time that has/had done句型中time

20、表“次數(shù)”，關(guān)系代詞 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，that 可省略。1. Its the first time _ I have been to Beijing.2. There was a time _ I often went to the park.thatwhen03How to solve problems劃分主從句找準(zhǔn)先行詞從句缺什么成分選擇關(guān)系詞方法解讀I saw some trees, and the leaves of them were black with disease.I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black wit

21、h disease.The professor is a little man, on the nose of whom there is a pair of glasses.The professor is a little man, and on the nose of him there is a pair of glasses.方法解讀I was born in New York, _ is the biggest city of America.The number of times “upcycling” has been looked up on the Cambridge Di

22、ctionary website has risen by 181% since December of 2011, _ it was first added to the online dictionary.缺主語which缺時間狀語when物非限制演練提升1.On the last day we have the Lantern Festival, _ we go out at night carrying paper lanterns.2.To help improve students reading and writing skills, we will organize the E

23、nglish composition contest，_ theme is “Colorful Campus Life”3.There are two muscles _ work together to widen and open a dogs eyes, causing them to appear bigger, and objectively cuter. when whose that/which 演練提升4.Another said, “Have we collectively lost our minds？_ any environmentalist will tell you

24、, this is completely crazy.”5.Thats one reason _ when babies are born, they are now usually placed on their mothers skin.6.In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down，_ is the result of the competition with online bookstores. As why which 演練提升7.This was returned

25、 because the person to _ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.8.Our office wasnt far from Chinatown，_ I found some very good Chinese restaurants.9.As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those _ live in downtown ar

26、eas without enough parking spaces.10.He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people _ wanted to work in Silicon Valley. whom where who who/that 演練提升11.I recognized the boss in whose company my sister was working. 12.Do you know the boy your mother is talking? 13. I sti

27、ll remember the day I first got to Paris. 14. He gave me some novels I am not very familiar.to whomon which with which 1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited t

28、en years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. whenwhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhythat/whichvt.vt.vt.如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)注定語從句中的謂語動詞vi.Are these two sentences right?The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin演練提升1(2015新課標(biāo)全國卷語

29、法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.2(2015廣東高考語法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _people from

30、the towns met regularly.3(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷語法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.4(2013廣東高考語法填空)Nicks guests, _ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5(2015江蘇高考改編)The number of smokers,

31、_is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6(2015四川高考改編)The books on the desk, _covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7(2015陜西高考改編)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.8(2015重慶高考改編)He wrote many childrens books, ne

32、arly half of _were published in the 1990s.that/whichwherewhich/thatwhoaswhosewhenwhich演練提升9.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.10.I have many friends to _ Im going to send post cards.11.The school shop, _ customers are ma

33、inly students, is closed for the holidays.12.She showed the visitors around the museum _ had been constructed three years before.13.I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.14.The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.15.The boy was away from home for a week, _ worried his parents very much.16.We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease t