加拿大奶牛肉牛炭疽病

1、炭疽病AnthraxPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Fu Xiaoping病因/發(fā)病機理 Cause & Pathogenesis炭疽桿菌引起的高度致死性敗血癥Highly fatal septicemia caused by Bacillus anthracis 大革藍氏桿菌Large gram-positive encapsulated boxcar like rodOIE列為B類疾病OIE Reportable List B disease公眾健康通過呼吸、皮膚接觸、攝取途徑感染Public Health concerns tr

2、ansmissible to humans by ingestion, cutaneous contact or inhalation (several forms depending on route of infection)世界范圍、在熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū)以土源性病原體常見Worldwide, soil borne organism more common in tropics and sub-tropics可在堿性土壤中存活Survives well in alkaline soils發(fā)病率不等，死亡率約100%Morbidity is variable but case mortalit

3、y rate 100%所有動物均易感牛、綿羊山羊、馬、豬All species are susceptible - cattle &sheepgoats, horses & pigs傳播途徑主要為攝取、呼吸、皮膚接觸Main source of transmission is ingestion but can also be by inhalation & cutaneous penetration發(fā)病動物排泄物、感染的尸體解剖、攝取感染死亡的動物或副產(chǎn)品（皮革、毛、肉、骨粉）Transmitted by sick animal discharges, opening infected ca

4、rcasses, ingestion of infected dead animals or by-products (hides, wool, meat & bone meal)危險因素Risk Factors流行地區(qū)水澇Heavy rainfall in endemic areas干旱后出現(xiàn)水災(zāi)Flooding proceeded by drought解剖因炭疽病死亡的動物Opening carcass of animals dieing of Anthrax臨床癥狀Clinical Findings潛伏期1-3周Incubation period of 1 3 weeks多數(shù)常見動物突然

5、死亡Most commonly, animals are found suddenly dead高體溫If seen alive, high temperature嚴重萎靡、無食欲、瘤胃靜止、產(chǎn)量下降Severe depression, anorexia, rumen stasis and drop in milk production粘膜充血、有出血斑點Mucous membranes are congested and covered with petechial hemorrhages皮下水腫、腫大（舌頭、喉嚨、其它器官）SQ edema and swelling (tongue, th

6、roat and other areas)體天然孔流血（血樣腹瀉、血尿、血乳）May be blood from body orifices (bloody diarrhea, hematuria & bloody milk) 心臟快而弱、呼吸困難、蹣跚、虛脫、末期痙攣、1-2天內(nèi)死亡Severe cardiac and respiratory distress, staggering, collapse, terminal convulsions and death in 1 2 days尸僵不全Incomplete rigor mortis of carcass診斷Diagnosis地區(qū)、

7、突然死亡、臨床癥狀、尸體觀察（天然孔出血）History of area, sudden death, clinical signs and view of carcass (bloody discharge from all orifices) 可疑病例不準解剖（頸靜脈處抽取血液樣品）和掩埋尸體Do not open a suspect carcass draw blood sample from jugular & bury or burn carcass鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis泡沫性臌氣Frothy bloat黑腿病Blackleg細菌性血紅素尿Bacilla

8、ry hemoglobinuria電/雷等損傷Lightening strikeDeath from Hypomagnesemia實驗室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology固定血樣品，姬姆薩染色發(fā)現(xiàn)截面平直似車廂樣桿菌Giemsa stain of fixed blood sample string of pearls boxcar like rods血清ELISA檢測Elisa test on serum細菌培養(yǎng)Culture bacteria可疑病例不容許解剖Do not open an Anthrax suspect無尸僵-快速腐爛No rigor mortis

9、rapid decomposition 天然孔排出無凝塊、黑色血液Non-clotted black, tarry bloody discharges from body orifices至于降解的尸體，發(fā)現(xiàn)脾腫大、黑色、多汁On decomposed open carcass, spleen is large, black and pulpy治療Treatment大劑量青霉素或土霉素，最少連用5天Large doses of penicillin or oxytetracycline for a minimum of five days對接觸過的動物預(yù)防用藥Prophylactic admi

10、nistration of antibiotics to contact animals后遺癥Sequelae土源性生物，所以還會發(fā)生Soil borne organism so can be additional cases感染人Human transmission預(yù)防Prevention & ControlNotify National government in charge of Animal Health隔離感染動物（最后一個病例2-3周后）Quarantine infected farm (two weeks after last case)焚燒或在2米深的坑中掩埋動物尸體-用熟石灰覆蓋Dispose of all carcasses by burning or burying 2 metres deep cover with hot lime用長效土霉素治療全部感染動物（預(yù)防2周后接種疫苗）Treat all contact animals with long acting oxytetracycline (two weeks for vaccine to