加拿大奶牛肉牛無乳鏈球菌乳房炎

1、無乳鏈球菌乳房炎Streptococcus agalactiae MastitisPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理 Cause & Pathogenesis無乳鏈球菌革蘭氏陽性球菌Streptococcus agalactiae gram-positive cocci高度傳染，專性奶牛乳腺寄生細(xì)菌Highly contagious obligate inhabitant of mammary gland of cow擠奶時牛牛傳播Cow to cow transmission at milking

2、不侵入乳房組織，但損害上皮Does not invade mammary tissue but does damage epithelium危險因素Risk Factors帶菌牛只Carrier cows不正確的擠奶程序Improper milking procedure臨床癥狀Clinical Findings主要引起亞臨床性乳房炎Mainly causes sub-clinical mastitis 乳無可視變化No visible changes in the milk所有乳房炎病例的90%是亞臨床性乳房炎（70%的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失來自乳房炎）90% of all cases of mastit

3、is are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亞臨床性乳房炎是最昂貴的疾病Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows體細(xì)胞計數(shù)高High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)可偶爾發(fā)作成臨床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical體溫升高，食欲下降，精神萎靡，奶有變化Elevated temperature, decreased appetite, d

4、epression and changes in the milk診斷Diagnosis根據(jù)SCC，臨床癥狀和乳的細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)Based on SCC, clinical signs and milk culture鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis其他原因引起的乳房炎Other causes of mastitis實驗室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology如果牛群有問題，大批乳桶的SCC升高If herd problem, elevated bulk tank SCC引起單個感染牛只的SCC顯著升高Causes marked increase of SC

5、C in individually infected cows利用SCC鑒別感染牛，然后用CMT鑒別感染乳區(qū)Utilize SCC to identify infected cows then use CMT to identify infected quarter肯定感染乳區(qū)做細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)以區(qū)分其他鏈球菌和葡萄球菌Culture infected quarter-must differentiate from other Streptococcus and Staphylococcus治療Treatment無乳鏈球菌對抗生素敏感，包括青霉素Streptococcus agalactiae is

6、sensitive to antibiotics including Penicillin在泌乳期，用Blitz治療所有感染牛Blitz treat all infected cows during lactation 預(yù)后情況Prognosis治療有效的，預(yù)后良好，可從牛群中消滅Good for response to treatment and elimination from the herd預(yù)防Prevention & Control阻止傳播是基本的預(yù)防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control擠奶程序和衛(wèi)生設(shè)備Milking Pro

7、cedure and Sanitation前浸泡Pre-dip棄掉前幾把奶，檢查臨床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)用一次性紙巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels 如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒劑Disinfectant in wash solution if used只洗臟的奶牛，洗后必須完全擦干Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dri

8、ed擠奶員戴橡膠手套Rubber gloves on milker應(yīng)用奶杯Apply milking claw從程序2至7應(yīng)有6090秒Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds避免過度擠奶Avoid over-milking浸泡乳頭可以傳送排乳信號Teat dip post milking檢驗并套上擠奶器Test and maintain milking machines在干乳期，每頭奶牛的每個乳區(qū)都要干燥Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off淘汰慢性感染牛只Cull chronically infected cows治療所有的臨床性乳房炎病例Treat all cases of clinical mastitis隔離所有的感染牛只及其牛