英語句子成分以及練習

1、關(guān)于英語句子成分及練習第一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月詞類分為實詞和虛詞實 詞名詞（表人或物、表時間、表方位）動詞（動作行為、發(fā)展變化、心理活動等）形容詞（表事物的形狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)）數(shù)詞（含確數(shù)、概數(shù)、序數(shù)）量詞（表物量或動量）代詞（含人稱、疑問和指示代詞）副詞(用在動詞或形容詞前)介詞(用在名詞或代詞前)連詞(起連接作用)助詞(起輔助作用,表附加的語氣、動態(tài)或結(jié)構(gòu)意義)嘆詞(表示感嘆或呼喚應答)擬聲詞(摹擬事物的聲音)虛 詞第二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二）主語：主語 (Subject) 表示句子說的是什么人或什么事. 是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在

2、there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：第三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is

3、 a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）第四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）第五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于202

4、2年6月（三）謂語 謂語 (Predicate) 說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.第六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（三）謂語 2、復合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助動詞加動詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如： Do you speak Engli

5、sh？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。第七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（四）表語 表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如： 第八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6

6、月1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）第九張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞

7、短語）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）第十張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意：系動詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meetin

8、g.3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.第十一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意：系動詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。4）感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river

9、 was beginning to run dry. 6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達結(jié)果是;證明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.第十二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（五）賓語 賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How ma

10、ny dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第十三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）第十四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語

11、種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2）復合賓語（

12、賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.第十五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.第十六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動詞只能

13、接動名詞做賓語 admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .第十七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動作”。如：Dont forget to c

14、ome here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)第十八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（六）賓語補足語 賓語補足語（Object Complement），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：第十九張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.His fathe

15、r named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）第二十張，PPT共三十

16、一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（七）定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）第二十一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.Ou

17、r monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語從句)第二十二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（八）狀語 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（A

18、dverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）第二十三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must contin

19、ue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）第二十四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9種狀語種類如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點

20、狀語）（方式狀語）第二十五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）第二十六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作

21、于2022年6月 （九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.第二十七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school b

22、us.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S. 主Attribute定O. 賓Predicate 謂Adverbial 狀Attribute 定Adverbial 狀Adverbial 狀第二十八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to le