七年級(jí)英語譯林版上冊(cè)Unit2-詞句精講精練

1、Unit 2 Let s play sports!詞句精講精練【詞匯精講】likelike 是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“喜歡，喜愛” 。后面可以跟名詞或者代詞作賓語，也可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)或者動(dòng)名詞(doing)作賓語。跟“to do”作賓語時(shí)，表示某一次的行為傾向，跟doing”作賓語時(shí)表示一種習(xí)慣或者愛好。例如：I like English. 我喜歡英語。 (名詞作賓語)Usually I like doing my homework after supper, but today I like to watch TV.我通常喜歡晚飯后做作業(yè)，但是今天我想看電視。 (動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓

2、語)【拓展】like 還可以作名詞，表示“愛好，喜好” ，常用于復(fù)數(shù)形式，它的反義詞是dislike 。例如：Please tell me your likes and dislikes. 請(qǐng)告訴我你的好惡。walkwalk 作動(dòng)詞，意為“走，步行” ，可與 on foot 進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：He walks to work every day. = He goes to work on foot every day. 他每天步行去上班?！就卣埂縲alk 還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為“走，步行” ，尤指為娛樂或運(yùn)動(dòng)所作的“散步” ，常構(gòu)成短語：take/have a walk 散步 go for a

3、 walk 去散步 go out for a walk 出去散步talk about sth.talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“談話，講話”。常用短語：talk about sb./ sth.談?wù)撃橙?某事；talk to sb.和某人談?wù)摚?talk with sb. 和某人交談。例如：Dont talk to me while I m studying. 在我學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)不要和我說話。They are talking about a movie. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撘徊侩娪?。playerplayer是可數(shù)名詞，意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，它是由動(dòng)詞play +后綴-er構(gòu)成的名詞。例如：Who s your favori

4、te basketball player? 誰是你最喜歡的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員？【拓展】 表示職業(yè)或身份的名詞小結(jié)：以 -ist 結(jié)尾的有：pianist 鋼琴家 chemist 化學(xué)家 violinist 小提琴家physicist 物理學(xué)家scientist 科學(xué)家(2)以-er, -r或-or結(jié)尾的有：teacher 教師 painter 畫家 writer 作家 singer 歌唱家 visitor 參觀者actor 演員 engineer 工程師 inventor 發(fā)明家 professor 教授 reporter 記者以 -man 結(jié)尾的有：postman 由B遞員policeman 警察

5、businessman 商人 spaceman 宇航員fisherman 漁夫dustman 清潔工以 -ian 結(jié)尾的有：musician 音樂家politician 政治家look stronglook 在此作連系動(dòng)詞，表示“看起來，看上去” ，后面要跟形容詞或名詞作表語。例如：Her mother looks very young. 她媽媽看起來很年輕?！就卣埂縧ook 還可以是行為動(dòng)詞，意為“看” ，指看這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：Look at the blackboard, please! 請(qǐng)看黑板！What are you looking at? 你在看什么？look 還可

6、以做名詞，用于一些詞組中。例如： have a look 看一看alsoalso是副詞，意為“也”。通常用于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，連系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后。例如：He is also a student.他也是一位老師?！就卣埂縜lso; too與either都有也”的意思，但用法不同：also用于肯定句，位置通常位于句中，比too更為正式。例如：I also go to work by bike. 我也騎自行車上班。too用于肯定句且置于句末，其前用逗號(hào)隔開；在簡略答語中too常置于代詞的賓格形式之后。例如：一Tom likes music and Mary does, too.湯姆喜歡音樂，瑪麗也喜歡。

7、一Me, too.我也是。Jack is a worker, too. Jack 也是工人。either用于否定句且置于句末，其前用逗號(hào)隔開。例如：He cant swim. I cant swim, either. 他不會(huì)游泳，我也不會(huì)。enjoyenjoy是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“喜愛；享受的樂趣”，后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語，不接動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：I enjoy working with you very much.與你工作我很愉快?！就卣埂縠njoy oneself意為玩得開心；過得愉快”，相當(dāng)于have fun/have a good time。例如：Do you enjoy yourse

8、lf at the party? = Do you have fun/have a good time at the party? 你在聚會(huì)上玩得開心嗎？hopehope意為希望”，用于表示有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望， 其后可接不定式， 即：hope to do sth.意為“希 望(自己)做某事”；若表達(dá)“希望別人做某事” 時(shí)則需用hope + that從句，不能用hope sb. to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I hope you can pass the exam.我希望你能通過考試。I hope to go to Tibet some day in the future. 我希望將來有一天

9、去西藏。【拓展】hope與wish的辨析：soto do sth. 注意：沒有 hope sb. to do sth.的用法hope + that從句表本很有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望for sth.廠 sb. to do sth. 能接sb.的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)sb. sth.能接雙賓語wish + 一to do sth. 可與 hope互換J that從句用虛擬語氣表示不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望My mother wishes/hopes to find her lost watch somewhere.我媽媽希望在什么地方找到她丟失的手表。I wish you to finish the work in time

10、.我希望你及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。ask sb. about sth.ask sb. about sth意為“詢問某人有關(guān)某事；向某人打聽某事”。例如：My father often calls me up and asks me about my study.爸爸經(jīng)常給我打電話，詢問我的學(xué)習(xí)情況?！就卣埂縜sk sb. sth. “問某人某事” 。例如：Can I ask you some questions? 我能問你一些問題嗎？ask sb. to do sth.“ 讓某人做某事” ， 其否定形式為 ask sb. not to do sth“. 讓某人不要做某事”。例如：I often as

11、k him to help me with my housework. 我經(jīng)常讓他幫助我做家務(wù)。My mother asked me not to read in the sun. 媽媽讓我不要在太陽下看書。ask for sth. “請(qǐng)求某事，要某物” ，相當(dāng)于 want sth. 例如：Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有問題，請(qǐng)尋求幫助。ask sb. for sth. “向某人要某物” 。例如：If you don t find the way to the school, please ask a policeman

12、for help.如果你找不到去學(xué)校的路，請(qǐng)向警察求助。elseelse意為“另外的，其他的“，無比較級(jí)，常用在 who; whose; what等疑問代詞及 when; where 等疑問副詞之后；也放在 some; any； no 與 body; thing; where 等構(gòu)成的詞之后。例如：Would you like anything else to drink? 你還想喝點(diǎn)別的什么嗎？What else do you want to say? 你還想說點(diǎn)別的什么嗎？I m going to take you somewhere else.要帶你去另1J處?！驹~匯精練】I. 根據(jù)句意

13、及首字母或漢語提示寫出句中所缺單詞。I have a d. I hope to visit the USA someday.My parents ereading newspaper after supper.I want to join the English cto practice English.Li Na is a good tennis p.He is a ( 成員 ) of the basketball team.Reading book is ( 樂事 ).What ( 其他 ) do you like?I ( 希望 ) you will come tomorrow.In hi

14、s ( 空余的 ) time, he likes listening to music.There is a football ( 比賽 ) this afternoon.英漢互譯。1. play sports 2. 一天許多次3. 談?wù)?4. 去游泳 5. a member of 6. 實(shí)現(xiàn) 7. 在某人空閑時(shí)間 8. want to do sth. 9. hope to do sth. 10. enjoy doing sth. III. 根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Amy is good at (draw).Mille (do) morning exercises every

15、 day.Let s go (swim) after school.He goes to the library many (time) a week.My grandpa enjoys (listen) to the radio.Music makes me (feel) great.He hopes (become) a member of the music club.He wants me (go) with him.Does Daniel (get) up at 6:30 every morning?What about (watch) TV at home?【句式精講】What a

16、boutWhat about意為怎么樣？“，可用來詢問有關(guān)情況、提出建議或征求意見等。about是介詞，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，即：what about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名詞及代詞 )what about + doing sth.例如： What about sitting in the garden? 在花園里坐坐怎么樣？I m going to the park. What about you? 我要去公園，你呢？What about your exam last week, Tom? Tom ，你上周考試怎么樣？ 【拓展】What about？與How abou

17、t通?？梢曰Q，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，但不能接動(dòng)詞不定式或 動(dòng)詞原形。go doing sth.“go+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”表示“去做某事”，常用于從事某一項(xiàng)體育活動(dòng)或休閑娛樂活動(dòng)，動(dòng)名詞前 面不能用 some 或其他表示數(shù)量概念的詞語修飾，常見的短語有：go bike riding 騎自行車遠(yuǎn)行g(shù)o shopping 去買東西go swimming 去游泳go walking 去散步go dancing 去跳舞go sightseeing 去觀光go skating 去滑冰go boating 去劃船go climbing 去登山go hiking 去遠(yuǎn)足【拓展】動(dòng)詞do后跟動(dòng)名詞形式構(gòu)成短

18、語，動(dòng)名詞作do的賓語，具有名詞性質(zhì)，可以用some或the修飾。例如：do some reading 閱讀 do some washing 洗涮 do some cooking 做飯do some swimming 游泳 do some speaking 多說 do some listening 多聽make sb. + adj. make作使役動(dòng)詞，意為使；讓”講時(shí)，常構(gòu)成 make +賓語(sb./sth.) +形容詞/名詞(作賓補(bǔ)) ，即 make sb. / sth. + adj ./n. 。例如：What he said makes us happy. 他所說的話使我們很高興。We

19、 made John our monitor. 我們選約翰當(dāng)班長?！就卣埂縨ake 作使役動(dòng)詞， 還可后接省略to 的動(dòng)詞不定式， 即： make sb. do sth. 意為 “使 /讓某人做某事”類似的動(dòng)詞還有l(wèi)et, have等。例如：The boss made them work for long time. 老板讓他們長時(shí)間工作。They made us forget past. 他們使我們忘記了過去。want to do sth.want 動(dòng)詞，意為“想要，需要” ，其后可接名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事例如：He wan

20、ts me to play with him. 他想讓我和他一起玩。want to do sth. 想要做某事例如：I want to have a rest. 我想要休息一下。want sth. 想要某物 例如：She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。【拓展】want 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，相當(dāng)于would like 。 want (sb.) to do sth.=would like (sb.) to do sth.動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如：Swimming is good for our health. 游泳對(duì)我們的健康有益。【拓展

21、】動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語，但在用法上有區(qū)別：（1）不定式作主語通常表示一次性、未來的且具體的特指動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示習(xí)慣 性、經(jīng)常性和不具體的泛指動(dòng)作。例如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.步行對(duì)年輕人和老年人來說都是一種好的鍛煉形式。To carry the heavy box is not easy for the boy.對(duì)這個(gè)男孩來說，搬這個(gè)箱子是不容易的。（2）動(dòng)名詞作主語和不定式作主語有時(shí)可以互換。例如：Playing with fire is dangerous. =

22、To play with fire is dangerous.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的?！揪涫骄殹縄.句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。My brother does his homework at school.（ 改為否定句 ）My brother his homework at school.Li Hua is 22 years 01d.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）is Li Hua?I am in our school football team.（ 改為同義句 ）I am our school football team.Yao Ming plays basketball very well.（改為同義句）Yao M

23、ing playing basketball.David likes sports.（改為一般疑問句）David sports?Do they enjoy the lessons?（作否定回答）, they.What other things do you often do?（改為同義句）do you often do?She likes playing tennis.（改為同義句）She playing tennis.We dont know how to have a good time.（改為同義句 ）We dont know how to.The children play games after school.（把主語改為單數(shù)）The games after school.完成句子，每空一詞。.我希望他夢想成真。I his dream.他想去購物。He go. Mike是我們班的新成員。Mike is a new our class. Tom看起來很強(qiáng)壯。Tom.周末你經(jīng)常做什么？What you often at weekend?.我最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)是足球，你呢？My is football.you?. Amy喜歡看電視和聽音樂。Amy TV and to music.他們經(jīng)常去我們學(xué)校附近游泳。They often near our school.【參考答案】I.