2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)用作介詞賓語(yǔ)的三個(gè)難點(diǎn)

1、用作介詞賓語(yǔ)的三個(gè)難點(diǎn)介詞的賓語(yǔ)通常是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，但有時(shí)也可以是從句、不定式、形容詞甚至介詞短語(yǔ)等。但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：(1) 從句用作介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞后接從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常不能是that 從句，遇此情況應(yīng)在介詞后加上the fact。如： The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her husband. 法官根本不理會(huì)她剛剛失去丈夫這事實(shí)。(其中的 the fact 不可省略)但是，表示“除外”的介詞 except, but 后可直接跟 that 從句。如： He has not changed

2、at all except that he is no longer so talkative. 他一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)變，只是不像以前那樣愛(ài)說(shuō)話(huà)了。(2) 動(dòng)詞用作介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞通常要用動(dòng)名詞形式。如： She was late because of missing the bus. 她遲到了，因?yàn)闆](méi)有趕上公共汽車(chē)。但是，表示“除外”的介詞 except, but 后通常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且這個(gè)不定式有時(shí)帶to(若其前沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞do)，有時(shí)不帶 to(若其前有動(dòng)詞do)。如：He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那兒。I can do ev

3、erything except cook. 除了做飯我什么事都會(huì)做。不過(guò)，表示“除外(還)”的besides卻通常要后接動(dòng)名詞。如：The play was badly acted, besides being far too long. 這出戲除了太長(zhǎng)之外, 演得也不好。(3) 介詞短語(yǔ)用作介詞賓語(yǔ)用后接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)的介詞不多，最常見(jiàn)的是from，其次還有since, until, till等。如： The phrase has been in wide use from before 1950s. 這個(gè)詞組從五十年代前起就被廣泛運(yùn)用了。 Shes lived there since be

4、fore the war. 她從戰(zhàn)前就一直住在那里。 The secret was never told until after the old mans death. 這個(gè)秘密在老人去世后才說(shuō)出來(lái)。介詞后接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法非常少見(jiàn)，主要見(jiàn)于某些固定搭配或特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，比如當(dāng)as表示“當(dāng)作”“按照”時(shí)，就可后接某些過(guò)去分詞。如：We cant regard the matter as settled. 我們不能認(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決。I finished the work as requested. 我按要求完成了工作。He had failed to visit her as promised.

5、他沒(méi)有按他的諾言來(lái)看望她。Not all of them had gone well, and fewer still had gone as planned. 并非所有的事情都進(jìn)展順利，按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的則更少。Owing to the rain the garden party did not take place as advertised. 由于下雨，游園會(huì)沒(méi)有按照廣告說(shuō)的時(shí)間舉行。另一個(gè)比較典型的固定搭配是takefor granted（認(rèn)為是當(dāng)然的，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為）。如：Dont take his kindness for granted. 不要把他的友善看作是當(dāng)然的事。We must n

6、ot take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan. 我們決不可想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為董事會(huì)一定會(huì)批準(zhǔn)這個(gè)投資計(jì)劃的。注意，介詞后接過(guò)去分詞的用法是非常有限的，除一些特殊表達(dá)外，在其他情況下介詞后通常不直接跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)，若語(yǔ)義上需要接過(guò)去分詞（表被動(dòng)），可考慮使用“being+過(guò)去分詞”，如以下各句中的being不能省略： He once did it without being caught. 他有次這樣做而未被人抓住。 Who prevented the plan f

7、rom being carried out? 誰(shuí)阻止這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)現(xiàn)的?Instead of being criticized, he ought to be praised. 他不應(yīng)受到批評(píng)而應(yīng)受到贊揚(yáng)。She looked surprised at being asked such a question. 有人問(wèn)她這樣的問(wèn)題她感到驚訝。 On being introduced, British people often shake hands. 英國(guó)人被介紹給別人的時(shí)候常常和對(duì)方握手。After being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements. 在我們得知飛機(jī)要推遲起飛后，我們另作了安排。【注】有的介詞后接過(guò)去分詞，實(shí)際上是由從屬連接所引導(dǎo)的從句省略“主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be”后所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果：Leave in oven