語法精講系列(六)

1、語法精講系列（六） 定語從句 考 查 角 度題號關(guān)系代詞who、whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的考查13關(guān)系副詞where與when引導(dǎo)的定語從句的考查4、5介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句的考查68易混關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句的考查915 1.(2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom【解析】選B?？疾閣ho引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：艾倫是一位畫

2、鳥和自然的畫家，由于某種原因，已經(jīng)過起了遁世生活。who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，who在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Ellen(人名)。故選B。2(2012江蘇高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what【解析】選B。考查who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：洪災(zāi)過后，那個(gè)地區(qū)的人們正在受苦，他們急需潔凈的飲用水、醫(yī)藥和庇護(hù)場所以便生存。

3、先行詞people在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故選B項(xiàng)。3.(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which【解析】選B。考查whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：我想感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我就不會走這樣遠(yuǎn)。whose表示所有關(guān)系，代指上面的史密斯教授，靠了他的幫助，故選B。4.(2012重慶高考)Sales director is a position _ commu

4、nication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. thatC. when D. where【解析】選D?？疾殛P(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：銷售總監(jiān)是一個(gè)交際能力和銷售能力同等重要的職位?！皃osition”為先行詞，后面是其定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語，因此，應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞“where”來引導(dǎo)定語從句。因此，正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。5.(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease tha

5、n ever before. A. why B. whenC. to whom D. on which【解析】選B?？疾殛P(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：我們生活在一個(gè)信息比以前更容易獲得的時(shí)代。when引導(dǎo)定語從句在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，修飾先行詞an age(時(shí)代)，此處的when=in which。故選B。6.(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in themC. of whom D. of them【解析】選C?？疾榻樵~提前的非限制性定語從句。句意：我們班有46

6、名學(xué)生，其中一半學(xué)生戴眼鏡。前后兩句話之間無連詞，故不能用人稱代詞them，而應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語從句；在46個(gè)學(xué)生當(dāng)中，表所屬，應(yīng)用of。故答案選C。7.(2011江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with whichC. of which D. to which【解析】選C?？疾榻樵~提前的定語從句。句意：她帶游客參觀了這個(gè)花了三年多時(shí)間才建成的博物館。先行詞為museum，在從句中充當(dāng)定

7、語，博物館的建造工程花費(fèi)了超過三年的時(shí)間，介詞用of。故選C。8.(2012山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what【解析】選C?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。句意：Maria寫了兩部小說，兩部都被拍成了電視連續(xù)劇。此處先行詞是two novels，后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句且介詞前置，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。故選C。9.(2012全國卷)That evening, _ I will tell yo

8、u more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when【解析】選B?？疾閣hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：那天晚上我工作到了很晚，詳情以后再跟你談。這里That evening是先行詞，在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語，所以用which。10.(2011山東高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D.

9、 that【解析】選D?？疾閠hat引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：這座古老的城鎮(zhèn)有狹窄的街道和比鄰而建的小房子。關(guān)系代詞that代替先行詞small houses，在從句中作主語。故選D。11.(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what【解析】選C。考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞as。句意：正如報(bào)告所顯示的，這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去的兩個(gè)月里得到了改善。本句把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了，

10、把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成_is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months. 就能直接看到非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞放于句首指的是下文所提到的一句話，用as引導(dǎo)。故選C。12.(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during

11、that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this【解析】選A?？疾閍s引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：正如已發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，大量的語言學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在出生后的第一年，所以父母們應(yīng)當(dāng)在那期間多跟孩子們交流。關(guān)系代詞指整句話 lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。傳統(tǒng)考法是直接把從句放在句首。故選A。13.(2012江西高考)By 16: 30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. w

12、hich B. when C. what D. that【解析】選A?？疾閣hich引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：到下午四點(diǎn)半，也就是打烊時(shí)間，幾乎所有的畫都已經(jīng)賣出去了。從后面的closing time打烊時(shí)間, 停止?fàn)I業(yè)時(shí)間可以得知此句是在談時(shí)間，但是此句中缺少主語，前面又有一個(gè)逗號，所以可以確定這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，用which。故選A。14.(2012北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. whichC. wher

13、e D. when【解析】選B?？疾閣hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：每當(dāng)他沉迷于工作中，就會廢寢忘食，而他常常如此。which在從句中作表語，代指上面的情況，故選B。15.(2012陜西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. A. that B. whereC. which D. what【解析】選C?？疾閣hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意：這是她第三次贏得比賽了，這讓我們大家都很驚訝。所填詞前有逗號，是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個(gè)主句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，選C。 考點(diǎn)

14、 1 關(guān)系代詞who，whom, whose引導(dǎo)定語從句 考查指數(shù) 1. who和whom的用法(1)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those指代人時(shí)。例The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well. (2)在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人。例Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. (3)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)修飾人的定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that, 另一個(gè)宜用who以避免重復(fù)。例The stu

15、dent that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. (4)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用whom，關(guān)系代詞whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí), 介詞可放在后面, 也可提前構(gòu)成介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom(先行詞指人)。例The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. 2. whose的用法whose指人或物，作定語，表示“的”，可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of 關(guān)系代詞”。關(guān)系代詞whos

16、e一般指人, 表示“該人的”, 也可指物, 表示“該物的”, 在以物為先行詞時(shí), 可用of which代替在從句中作定語。例Thats the painter whose works/the works of whom are so highly regarded. The building whose roof/the roof of which we can see from here is a hotel. 【點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。例如：Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.

17、 湯姆是派往國外的工程師之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師?？键c(diǎn) 2 關(guān)系副詞when，where, why引導(dǎo)定語從句 考查指數(shù) 1. when的用法先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；也可用介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。例They were excited on Singles Day when/on which many more group weddings took place. 2. where的用法

18、(1)先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，where在從句中作狀語，也可用介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。例This is the factory where/in which he worked last year. (2)如果定語從句分別修飾point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)3. why的用法先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason 時(shí), 可以用why 引導(dǎo)定語從句，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，可用for which替代。例The reason w

19、hy/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. 【點(diǎn)津】當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞時(shí)，后面的定語從句可以用that或in which引導(dǎo)，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。但是如果定語從句中缺少賓語時(shí)，要用that或which引導(dǎo)。I dont like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother. The way that/which/不填 he explained to us was quite simple. 考點(diǎn) 3 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的6個(gè)考查點(diǎn) 考查指數(shù)(1)考查從句中

20、謂語部分的搭配習(xí)慣:(a) 看定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配; (b) 看定語從句中形容詞或分詞與介詞的搭配 例This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. (2)考查形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣例He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. (3)考查根據(jù)句意確定介詞例I am looking for my glasses, without which I cant watch TV clearly. (4)考查表示所屬關(guān)

21、系的of which whom例On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand. (5)考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的of which whom例The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. (6)考查表示同位關(guān)系的of which whom例Her sons, both of whom worked abroad, rang her up this morning

22、. 【點(diǎn)津】選擇介詞3原則: (1)根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要；(2)根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配；(3)根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配?？键c(diǎn) 4 5組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析 考查指數(shù) 類型主要用法典句例示 只用that不用which的情況 先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時(shí) All that glitters is not gold. He told me everything that he knew. 先行詞被only, any, few, no, very, littl

23、e等修飾時(shí) It is the very novel that I have ever read. Australia is the only country that is also a continent. 類型主要用法典句例示 只用that不用which的情況 先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?類型主要用法典句例示

24、 只用that不用which的情況主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)Which is the bike that you lost?先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be. 類型主要用法典句例示 只用which不用that的情況 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)Tom came back, which made us happy.先行詞為that/those時(shí)Whats

25、that which was put in the car?which用作定語時(shí)He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 類型主要用法典句例示 the same. . . as與the same. . . that the same. . . as表示相似的東西the same. . . that表示同一人或物 This is the same book as he lent me last week. 這是他上星期借給我的那類書。This is the same book that he lent me last week

26、. 這是他上星期借給我的那本書。 類型主要用法典句例示 such/so. . . as與such/so. . . that such/so. . . as(定語從句)像那樣such/so. . . that(狀語從句)如此以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 類型主要用法典句例示 as與whichas引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后 a

27、s意為“正如”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”Avatar is a very successful film, as is known to all. As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 考點(diǎn) 5 定語從句與其他從句的辨析 考查指數(shù) 類型主要區(qū)別典句例示 與并列句的區(qū)別如果兩個(gè)句子之間是分號，或有and，but，so等連接詞，則這兩個(gè)句子為并列句；如

28、果兩個(gè)句子之間是逗號，且沒有上述的連接詞，則這兩個(gè)句子之間就是主從關(guān)系，須有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句They have more than 100 books; most of them are English books.(并列句)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.(定語從句) 類型主要區(qū)別典句例示 與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵在于把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was. . . that. . . ”去掉后，主句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的It i

29、s from this library that I borrowed the book.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) This is the library where I borrowed the book.(定語從句) 類型主要區(qū)別典句例示 與狀語從句的區(qū)別狀語從句通常沒有先行詞，整個(gè)從句在復(fù)合句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因等的狀語，而定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定或解釋說明作用的After the war, a new school building was put up where there once had been a theatre.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)Have you ever been to the

30、house where Lu Xun once lived?(定語從句) 類型主要區(qū)別典句例示 與同位語從句的區(qū)別定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用；而同位語從句對先行詞起解釋、說明作用；引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中的作用不同：在定語從句中，that既起連接作用，又須在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語等；而在同位語從句中，that只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分；翻譯方法不同：限制性定語從句通常翻譯成“的”，而同位語從句通常翻譯成“即”, 也可用冒號或破折號表示W(wǎng)e all have heard the news that our team won.(同位語從句)We dont believe the

31、 news that he told us yesterday.(定語從句) 【模擬題組】1.(2013南京模擬)How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：你們班里有多少家住在農(nóng)村的學(xué)生？先行詞是students, in your class分隔了先行詞和關(guān)系代詞，后面homes，需要表示所有關(guān)系的關(guān)系代詞，故選A。2.(2013鄭州模擬)Do you remember a certain occas

32、ion _ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand？A. where B. which C. why D. when【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系副詞when的用法。句意：你還記得一次你陷入困境，我?guī)椭愕那榫皢幔扛鶕?jù)后面的時(shí)間短語at that moment可知occasion指時(shí)間，故要使用關(guān)系副詞when，相當(dāng)于at which time。故選D。3.(2013北京模擬)In English class, our teacher often creates an environment _ we are given

33、 the opportunity to solve problems ourselves. A. when B. which C. where D. that【解析】選C。考查定語從句的關(guān)系副詞where。句意：在英語課堂上，老師經(jīng)常創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，在此情境中，我們可以有機(jī)會自己解決問題。本句中，先行詞是environment, 從句中缺少表示地點(diǎn)的狀語，因此選擇where，故選C。4.(2013鄭州模擬)There are moments _ we remember our childhood days with fondness, embarrassment, regret or mixed f

34、eelings. A. when B. that C. which D. where【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系副詞when的用法。句意: 我們經(jīng)常會記起童年時(shí)代那些歡樂、尷尬、后悔和有復(fù)雜感情的時(shí)刻。此處moments是先行詞，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。因此選A。5.(2013石家莊模擬)How about your job-hunting？No luckNow，Ive reached the point _ I dont care what I doA. which B where Cwhen D. that【解析】選B。考查定語從句的關(guān)系副詞where。答語句意：現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)到了我不關(guān)心我

35、做什么的境地。此處the point是先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故用where。6.(2013成都模擬)A turning point of the continuously high housing price wont appear suddenly because there must be a certain process _ many factors lead to the changeAwhich Bwhat Cwhere Dthat【解析】選C。考查定語從句的關(guān)系副詞where。句意：持續(xù)高房價(jià)的拐點(diǎn)不會突然出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樵诖诉^程中，要有許多因素才能導(dǎo)致這一變化。此處proc

36、ess作先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。7.(2013南昌模擬)More teens are smoking in Beijing, _ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years. A. which B. when C. where D. that【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系副詞where。句意: 在北京越來越多的青少年在吸煙，而且小學(xué)生和中學(xué)生開始染上吸煙習(xí)慣的人數(shù)比前幾年翻了一番還多。Bei

37、jing 是先行詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。8.(2013邯鄲模擬)Leave him a note at the reception desk, _ he will learn how to find you. A. which B. from whichC. with which D. on which 【解析】選B?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”的用法。句意：在前臺給他留個(gè)紙條，他就可以知道如何找你了。此處a note是先行詞，在定語從句中作from的賓語，相當(dāng)于he will learn how to find you from the note。故選

38、B。9.(2013成都模擬)Janes struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story _ a fascinating novel might be writtenA. where Bby whomCfor what Dabout which【解析】選D。考查定語從句的“介詞+which”的用法。句意：簡為了在音樂圈謀得一席之地的奮斗故事，可以根據(jù)其寫一部傳奇小說了。此處life story是先行詞，其后是介詞前置的定語從句。相當(dāng)于a fascinating novel mig

39、ht be written about the kind of life story。故選D。10.(2013杭州模擬)Judging from his face _ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didnt lose heart. A. in which B. from whichC. by which D. on which【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法。句意: 從他臉上帶著自信的微笑來判斷，我們知道他沒有失去信心。先行詞是face, a confident smile on his face。故選D。11.(20

40、13桂林模擬)Well take the conditions into careful consideration _ you have attached to this contract. Thanks. Hope for further cooperation. Aas Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系詞which的用法。前一句句意：我們會認(rèn)真考慮你這份合同上所提到的條件。此處the conditions是先行詞，其在定語從句中作to的賓語。故用which。故選B。12.(2013煙臺模擬) He failed in the exam, _ prov

41、es that he wasnt working hard enough. A. which B. what C. it D. that【解析】選A。考查which的用法。句意：他考試沒及格，這證明他學(xué)習(xí)不夠努力。這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，代指前面句子的內(nèi)容，只能用which，故選A。13.(2013臨沂模擬) It is the first time _ my cousin has gone abroad. A. that B. which C. what D. when【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意: 這是我表弟第一次出國。先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾，所以用that，故選A。14.(2013南昌

42、模擬)There are many places in the world _ have been visited only by a few, many _ are of an enormous beauty. A. where; of which B. which; of whomC. that; of which D. that; of whom【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：在世界上有許多地方幾乎沒有人到過，而且許多地方很美。前面先行詞是places，在后面從句中作主語，用that或which，后面是非限制性定語從句，只能用which, 故選C。15.(2013鄭州模擬)Such n

43、ews _ you are expecting has just been let out _ the US will become the worlds biggest oil producer by around 2020. A. which; which B. as; whichC. as; that D. that; as 【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句和同位語從句。句意：你所盼望的消息剛剛透露出來，美國在2020年左右將成為世界上最大的石油生產(chǎn)國。第一個(gè)空為定語從句，缺關(guān)系詞，由于先行詞由such修飾，應(yīng)選as; 第二個(gè)空為同位語從句，缺引導(dǎo)詞，應(yīng)選that, 故選C。16.(2013銀

44、川模擬)This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. /【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：這是我今年一直在尋找的最好的一本書。先行詞是the best book，在后面句子中作賓語，所以用that 或者省略，故選D。17. China and the US have just signed an agreement to introduce more Hollywood films, _ , explains Chinas attitude to foreign

45、 products. A. which B. that C. what D. it【解析】選A?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。句意：中美兩國剛剛簽訂引進(jìn)更多好萊塢影片的協(xié)議，這說明了中國對外國產(chǎn)品的態(tài)度。應(yīng)選擇which而不用that。what和 it 不能用于定語從句。18.(2013杭州模擬) We have spotted the location, _ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang. A. that B. what C. which D. where【解析】選C?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系代詞which的用法。句意: 我們已經(jīng)確定了我們認(rèn)為是秦始皇陵遺址的地點(diǎn)。分析句子可知空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，we thought 是插入語，從句缺少主語，應(yīng)考慮用關(guān)系代詞，又是非限制性定語從句，故選C。19.(2013杭州模擬)When did the young man save you? January 1st, 2000, the first day of the new century, _ I can never forget. A. when B. which C. that D. where【解析】選B?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系詞which的用法。句意：那個(gè)年輕人何時(shí)救的你？2000年1月1日，新世紀(jì)的