必修二Unit5Music語法知識讀后續(xù)寫筑基講義

Part1單元語法講義過去分詞作表語和狀語Part2讀后續(xù)寫素材八大自然現(xiàn)象描寫Part3單元語法+讀后續(xù)寫即時檢測必修二Unit5MusicPart1單元語法講義過去分詞作表語和狀語一、過去分詞作表語Thecupisbroken.(表被動，完成)Heisretired.(完成)注意過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(被動語態(tài)，表示動作)Thelibraryisnowclosed.(過去分詞作表語)過去分詞做形容詞表示“感到……”之意beamazed（at）感到驚異beamused（at）感到好笑beannoyed（at）感到煩惱bebored（with）感到厭煩beconvinced（of）感到信服bedisappointed（at）感到失望bediscouraged（in）感到沮喪beembarrassed（in）感到為難beencouraged（in）感到鼓舞beexcited（at）感到激動befrightened（of）感到害怕behorrified（with）感到恐懼bemoved（at）深為感動bepleased（about）感到愉悅bepuzzled（about）感到困惑besatisfied（with）感到滿意beshocked（about）感到震驚besurprised（at）感到驚奇betired（of）感到厭煩【提示】①現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，意為“令人……，使人……”，主動意味。Ourtripwasdisappointing.我們的這次旅行讓人失望。②過去分詞作表語，意為“感到……”，被動意味。Weweredisappointedatourtrip.我們對這次旅行感到失望。注意：過去分詞作表語與ving形式作表語的區(qū)別。interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞來修飾人，用ving形式來修飾物。ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.Weareexcitedatthenews.四、過去分詞作表語1)過去分詞作表語，總是位于系動詞的后面，表語即說明主語的狀態(tài)或特征。如：Theylookeddisappointed（失望的）.Shewasastonished（驚訝的）tohearwhathadhappened.常見的系動詞有：1.狀態(tài)系動詞：be動詞;2.感官系動詞：look/feel/smell/taste/sound等；3.變化系動詞：get/bee/turn/grow/fall/grow等4.持續(xù)系動詞：remain/stay/keep（仍然）5.表象系動詞：seem/appear（似乎，好像）6.終止系動詞：prove/turnout(結(jié)果是，證明是)1.Shewasexcitedtohearthegoodnews.2.Ifeltsurprisedathisbehavior.3.Thepassengersshouldbeseatedastheplaneismakingalanding.2）過去分詞作表語一般用來表示感受或狀態(tài)。此時的過去分詞作表語相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。(1)表感受的過去分詞常有：disappointed/excited/frightened/surprised/delighted/encouraged/interested/puzzled/worried/pleased…(2)表狀態(tài)類的過去分詞常有:dressed(打扮好的),lost(迷路的),drunk(喝醉的),seated(就坐的),absorbed(全神貫注的),devoted(忠誠的)3）過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別?1.Thestoryisinteresting.2.Iaminterestedinthisstory.現(xiàn)在分詞做表語修飾物,翻譯成“令人……的”；過去分詞做表語修飾人,翻譯成“感到……的”。二、過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時間、讓步、條件、原因、方式和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。其邏輯主語為主句主語，且與主句主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。1.作時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句；可在過去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時間意義更明確。Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.從山上看，這個公園非常美麗。(=Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.)2.作原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)從句。Touchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboycried.這個男孩被老師的話打動了，所以他哭了。(=Theboywastouchedbyhisteacher’swords,sohecried.)3.作條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句；可加連詞if,unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從句。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.多給我們點(diǎn)時間，我們會做得更好。(=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.)4.作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句；有時可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語從句。Warnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.盡管農(nóng)民們已被告知將有暴風(fēng)雨，但他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫睢?=Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.)5.作方式伴隨狀語加and可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列結(jié)構(gòu)從句。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老師走進(jìn)教室,后面跟著一群學(xué)生。(=Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandhewasfollowedbyagroupofhisstudents.)分詞作狀語記憶口訣：分詞作狀語，主語是問題。逗號前后兩動作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動用ing，被動用ed，Havingdone表先后，千萬要牢記?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，句子的主語是現(xiàn)在分詞的動作的執(zhí)行者，而過去分詞作狀語，句子的主語是分詞的動作承受者。Seeingthenewbike,hejumpedwithjoy.看見了新自行車，他高興地跳了起來。(he做了see這個動作)Seenfromhere，thepictureappearsbeautifulindeed.在這里看，這張畫確實很美麗。(畫是被看的)2)從時間上看。過去分詞可以表示完成或模糊的時間概念，而與現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示與主語動詞同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboyill.他們到那時發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩病了。(arriving與found同時發(fā)生)Hearingthenoiseoutside,herushedout.聽到外面的吵鬧聲，他沖了出去。(hear和rush幾乎同時發(fā)生)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完了作業(yè)，他出去了。(finish先于went)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall.從山頂上看，城市看上去很小。(seen不表示完成，也不強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，只表示被動)Explainedmanytimes(=Havingbeenexplainedmanytimes)，heunderstoodwhattodointheend.給他解釋了好多次了，他終于知道該做什么了。(Explain與句子的主語是被動的，而且在謂語動作understood之前完成，可以用過去分詞表示，相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動形式，但是后者Havingbeenexplained更強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成。)Part2讀后續(xù)寫素材積累與練習(xí)一、花香鳥語【必背金句】1..Flowersarewavinginthebreezeoftheearlyspring.花兒在早春的微風(fēng)中搖曳。2.Thesweetsongofbirdsmademespellbound.我沉浸在小鳥悅耳的歌聲中。3.Thefragrantflowersattractedlotsofbutterflies,lingering(縈繞)aroundthem.鮮花的香味引來了很多蝴蝶，它們圍著花朵。4.Thenewspringgrassshotupastimeitselfhadspedup.隨著時間的腳步加快，新的春草拔地而起。4.Thebirdsbusythemselvesaroundme,notcaringthatI’mthere.鳥兒們在我周圍忙碌著，并不介意我在哪里。6.Theyheardthetwitter/chatterofbirdsamongthebushes.他們聽到樹叢中鳥兒發(fā)出的唧唧喳喳聲。7.Birdswerechattering/twitteringsomewhere.鳥兒在某處唧唧喳喳地叫著。8.Onaquitemorninginthemountains,feelthesunonyourskinandbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.山中寧靜的清晨，感受陽光灑在你的身上，呼吸鮮花的芳香，聆聽鳥兒們用它們的歌聲迎接新的一天。二、雷電描寫【名詞】lightning閃電thunder雷【動詞】crash發(fā)出巨響boom/rumble轟鳴【詞組】aflashoflightening一道閃電aloudcrashofthunder一聲巨雷breakout爆發(fā)inaflash一剎那間flashacross一閃而過【必背金句】1.Thundercrashedinthesky.雷在空中發(fā)出巨響。2.Thethunderwasrumblinginthedistance.遠(yuǎn)處雷聲隆降3.Anashoflightningflashedacrossthesky.一道閃電劃過天空。4.Outside,thunderboomedandcrashed.外面雷聲隆降，發(fā)出巨響。5.Thunderboomedintheskyoverhead,雷聲在頭頂上的天空中隆隆作響。6.Theweatherinsummerisunpredictable.Justnowitwassunny.Inaflash,lightningandthunderbrokeout,andthestormbegantorain.夏天的天氣真是變幻莫測。剛才還是晴空萬里，一霎時就電閃雷鳴，開始了狂風(fēng)暴雨。7.Thunderrumbledinthemountainsallaroundandrainbegantofallinheavydrops.山里雷聲隆隆雨點(diǎn)開始大顆大顆地往下落。8.Afteraloudcrashofthunder,itrainedfuriously.一聲巨雷過后，大雨傾盆而下。三、云描寫【動詞】part散開drift飄移spread擴(kuò)散【形容詞】cloudy多云的overcast陰沉沉的【詞組】befullofdarkclouds布滿烏云darkmassesofclouds層層烏云clearaway散去driftacross飄過breaksth.up使散開【必背金句】1.Theskyisovercast,darkenedwithgloomyclouds.天空陰沉，烏云密布。2.Theskywasacurdledgrayburdenedwithlumpsofclouds.填空是濃濃的灰色，伴著擁擠的朵朵云彩。3.Asthenightadvanced,thecloudsclosedinanddenselyoverspreadthewholesky.夜色漸深，烏云密布，籠罩了整個天空。4.Thecloudshadspreadandnearlycoveredtheentiresky.云層散開，幾乎遮住了整個天空。5.Theskywasfullofdarkmassesofclouds.天空中烏云密布。6.Byafternoon,thecloudshaveclearedaway.到了下午，云已經(jīng)散去。7.Theskywasovercast,darkenedwithgloomyclouds,andthewholeworldseemedtobeenvelopedinahugegrayquilt.天陰沉沉的，烏云密布，整個世界仿佛都被籠罩在一張巨大的灰色被子里。四、太陽描寫【動詞】melt融化heat變熱burn燃燒rise升起set落下【形容詞】hot炎熱的burning熾熱的sweltering悶熱的【詞組】clearup放晴sweatlikeapig汗流浹背thickair悶塞的空氣【必背金句】1.Theweatherwassohotthattherewasnowind,andthethickairseemedtobefrozen.天氣熱得雪命,一絲風(fēng)也沒有，悶塞的空氣好像凝住了。2.Thisweatheristerrible.Iamsweatinglikeapig,althoughI'mnotdoinganything.天熱得嚇人，雖然我什么都沒做，但還是汗流浹背。3.Inthisheat,eventhetreesappeareddefeated,withleavesdroopinglifelessly.在這種炎熱的天氣里、連樹木都顯得萎靡不振,樹葉都毫無生氣地垂落著。4.Thesunwasatitshighest.TheheatbeatdownonmyheadasifIwasbaconunderthegrill.太陽處于最高點(diǎn),熱浪擊打在頭上，我好像烤架下的培根一樣。5.Thewaterwasdeepblueandthesunlightglitteredonitsglassclearsurface.湖水深藍(lán)，陽光在風(fēng)平浪靜的湖面上熠熠生輝。6.Thebeachisbathedintheamberlikesunshine.海灘沐浴在琥珀色的陽光中。五、霧描寫【名詞】fog霧mist薄霧【動詞】obscure使模糊melt消散envelop/enpass籠罩【形容詞】foggy有霧的misty薄霧籠罩的shadowy朦朧的【詞組】ablanketoffog厚厚的一層霧heavy/densefog濃霧athickblanketoffog大霧castanetover在……撒下一張網(wǎng)【必背金句】1.Thefogfinallylifted.霧終于散了。2.Theviewwasobscuredbyfog.霧中景色朦朧。3.Thehillswereenvelopedindensefog.群山被濃霧籠罩著。4.Themorningfogblockedourview.清晨的霧擋住了我們的視線。5.Thefogsoonenpassedthewholevalley.霧很快籠罩了整個山谷。6.Thetownwascoveredinathickblanketoffog.大霧籠罩著這個城鎮(zhèn)。7.Theheavyfogseemedtobecastinganetoverme.濃霧似乎在我身上撒下了一張網(wǎng)。六、雪描寫【名詞】snow雪blizzard雪暴snowstorm暴風(fēng)雪snowflake雪花【動詞】dance跳舞fall/drift飄落blanket以厚層覆蓋crunch嘎吱響weigh重壓【形容詞】snowy多雪的frosty霜凍的feathery羽毛似的pure純的【詞組】bestruckbyheavysnow被暴雪襲擊becoveredwiththicksnow被厚厚的積雪覆蓋featherysnowflakes羽毛般的雪花danceinthenightair在夜空中飛舞driftdown飄落meltaway融化frozensnow凍雪beburiedinthesnow深埋在雪中【必背金句】1.Themountaintopwascoveredwithsnow.山頂被積雪覆蓋。2.Thenthesnowslowlymeltsaway.然后雪慢慢地融化了。3.Thefrozensnowcrunchedunderourfeet.凍結(jié)的雪在我們的腳下嘎吱作響。4.Snowblanketedeveryrooftopandweighedonthebranchesofoldtrees.雪覆蓋了每一個屋頂,壓在老樹的枝丫上。5.Thecountrysidewastransformedintoahugewhiteplainbythesnow.It'sdarknowandthesnowisfalling,clumpsofwetflakesdriftingdown.鄉(xiāng)村被雪變成了一片巨大的白色平原?，F(xiàn)在天黑了，雪還在下，一片片濕漉漉的雪花飄落下來。6.Thefeatherysnowflakesdancedinthenightair,makingabeautifulpicture.鵝毛般的雪花在夜空中飛舞，像一幅美麗的畫。7.Itwasachillywinternight,themoonshiningbrightlyandthesnowblanketingtheground.那是一個寒冷的冬夜,月光皎潔,白雪覆蓋著大地。8.Soonthetinyflakesfloatedsoftlydown,likeflocksoflittlewhitebirds.很快，細(xì)小的雪花像成群的小白鳥一樣輕輕飄落下來。七、雨的描寫【名詞】rain雨drizzle毛毛細(xì)雨shower陣雨downpour傾盆大雨【動詞】fall落下drum不停地敲打stop停止quiet使安靜【形容詞】stormy暴風(fēng)雨的rainy多雨的torrential傾瀉的fine纖細(xì)的icy/freezing冰冷的dreadful可怕的【詞組】beat/flapagainst拍打pourdown傾盆而下aheavydownpour大暴雨lightrain小雨arainyseason多雨的季節(jié)astormynight暴風(fēng)雨之夜fierce/heave/violentstorms狂風(fēng)暴雨atimely/seasonablerain好雨知時節(jié)becaughtintherain被雨淋continuousrain連續(xù)不斷的雨sheetsofbitterlycoldrain陣陣刺骨的冷雨thedark,rainingevening雨夜交加的夜晚【必背金句】1.Therainletsup.雨小了。2.Itwasrainingcatsanddogsyesterdayafterschool,andIwasallwetwhenIgothome.昨天放學(xué)的時候下著傾盆大雨，我到家時全身都濕了。3.Therewasaheavydownpour.Unfortunately,Tomwascaughtintheheavyrain.下了一場大暴雨。不幸的是，Tom在暴雨中被淋成了落湯雞。4.Theraindrummedonthewindow,biddingfarewelltothelastbeamofsunlight.雨敲打在窗上，并向最后一縷陽光告別。5.Springrain,likecattlehair,likeneedles,likefinesilk,closelyinclinedweaving.春雨、像牛毛、像花針、像細(xì)絲，密密地斜織著。6.Iwasdisturbedbytheannoyingsoundoftherain.淅淅瀝瀝的雨聲擾亂了我的思緒。7.Immediately,sheetsofbitterlycoldrainfilledtheair.頃刻間，空中下起了陣陣刺骨的冷雨。8.Theraincamepouringdown,thestreamsrose,andthewindsblewandbeatagainstthehouse.大雨傾盆，溪水上漲，狂風(fēng)咆哮這撞擊房屋。9.Thoughtherainstopped,thewindrushedbyandwhistledandmadestrangesounds.雨雖停了，風(fēng)卻呼嘯而過，發(fā)出奇怪的聲音。10.Theraindrummedonthewindow,biddingfarewelltothelastbeamofsunlight.雨滴敲打著窗戶，向最后一縷陽光告別。11.Thewindwashowlinghorriblyandtherainwaspouringdown,flappingagainstthetrees.狂風(fēng)呼嘯，大雨傾盆而下，拍打著樹枝。八、風(fēng)之描寫【名詞】breeze微風(fēng)typhoon臺風(fēng)hurricane颶風(fēng)tornado龍卷風(fēng)【動詞】blow刮whip鞭打whistle嗖嗖地刮waft吹拂rustle沙沙作響kiss親吻【形容詞】gentle/soft輕柔的moderate/mild溫和的strong/violent猛烈的chilly凜冽的【詞組】sweepacross席卷waftthrough拂blowthrough吹過dieaway風(fēng)逐漸變?nèi)鮬ickup風(fēng)力加大cutdeepintoone’sbones刺骨exposedtothefourwindsofheaven四面受風(fēng)【必背金句】1.Thesunwentin,andthebreezebecamecold.云層遮住了太陽，微風(fēng)有了新涼意。2.Thoughtherainstopped,thewindrushedbyandwhistledandmadestrangesounds.雨雖停了，風(fēng)卻呼嘯而過，發(fā)出奇怪的聲音。3.Fallingleavesdanceddowninthecoolmidautumnair,biddingfarewelltosweetsummerandwelingtheautumnin.落葉在秋風(fēng)中飛舞，告別了甜美的夏天，迎接秋天的到來。4.Thewindhadpickedup.風(fēng)愈刮愈大。5.Itwasgettingdarkandthewinddiedaway.天漸漸黑了，風(fēng)漸漸小了。6.Thebreezegentlykissedhischecks.微風(fēng)輕柔地親吻著他的臉龐。7.Acoldbreezewaftedthroughmyhair.寒冷的微風(fēng)吹過我的頭發(fā)。8.Acoolbreezeblewthroughthequietpark.涼爽的微風(fēng)吹過安靜的公園。9.Thewindstoodupandgaveashout.大風(fēng)凜冽，發(fā)出怒吼。。10.Agentle/light/cool/warmbreezeblowsin/esinoffthesea.微風(fēng)/輕風(fēng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)涼園暖風(fēng)從海上吹來。11.Theicywindstartedhowling,stingingmyface.焊縫開始咆哮，刺痛了我的臉。12.ThewindwassobonechillingthatIcouldn'tstopshiveringfromthecod.寒風(fēng)刺骨，我冷得不停打哆嗦。13.Outside,thewindsblewthetreesandbeatagainstthehouse,whichmadepeopleunabletoonetheireyes.外面，風(fēng)吹著樹，拍打著房子，使人們無法睜開眼睛。14.Asthewindblows,wecanheartheleavesrustlinginthetrees,隨著風(fēng)的吹拂,我們可以聽到樹沙沙作響。15.Theicewindstartedhowling,cuttingmyfacelikeasharpknife.寒風(fēng)開始咆哮，像鋒利的刀子一樣刮在我的臉上。Part3單元語法+讀后續(xù)寫即時檢測一、單句語法填空1．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習(xí)）Besidesperformances(create)bylightandshadow,performersmustmasterasetofvariousskillsastheplaysbinepainting,carving,operaandliterature.【答案】created【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：除了光影創(chuàng)造的表演，表演者還必須掌握一系列的技巧，因為戲劇結(jié)合了繪畫、雕刻、歌劇和文學(xué)。主句中已有謂語動詞mustmaster且無連詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，create和邏輯主語performances之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填created。2．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習(xí)）HealsogiveslecturesaboutthefightagainstdesertificationatschoolsofAlshaaLeague,hoping(raise)awarenessamongyoungpeople.【答案】toraise【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他還在阿爾沙亞聯(lián)盟的學(xué)校做關(guān)于防治荒漠化的講座，希望提高年輕人的意識。hopetodosth.“希望做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作賓語。故填toraise。3．（2324高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）Thesecretaryhadnooptionbut(resign)fromthejobaftergivingawaythesecretofthepany.【答案】toresign【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：秘書在泄露了公司的秘密后，別無選擇，只得辭職。此處上文為短語havenooptionbutdosth.表示“別無選擇，只得……”。故填toresign。4．（2324高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）Severalpeopledeserve(mention)fortheirassistanceinprovidinginformationforthisreport.【答案】mentioning/tobementioned【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：有幾個人在為本報告提供資料方面提供了協(xié)助，值得提及。deservedoing/tobedone“值得做，值得被做”，固定用法，動名詞是主動形式表示被動漢語，故填mentioning/tobementioned。5．（2324高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）Shefoundthewavelength(波長)oftheirbroadcasts,andlefttheradio(tune)totheirstation.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】tuned【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她找到了他們的廣播波段，把收音機(jī)調(diào)到那個位置收聽他們電臺的節(jié)目。此處是“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞tune和賓語radio之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故填tuned。6．（2324高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）Robert,(accuse)oftheftinasupermarket,mightfacetheresultofbeingarrestedandputintoprison.【答案】accused【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：羅伯特被控在超市偷竊，他可能面臨被捕入獄的結(jié)果。accuse和邏輯主語Robert之間是被動關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，故填accused。7．（2324高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）The(shade)areasshowinguswherethehouseswillbebuiltcanbedistinguishedfromthesurroundingareasonthemap.【答案】shaded【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在地圖上，向我們顯示房屋建造位置的陰影區(qū)域可以與周圍區(qū)域區(qū)分開來?？仗幮揎椕~areas，需用非謂語動詞作定語，shade和areas為邏輯動賓關(guān)系，需用過去分詞形式。故填shaded。8．（2324高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）Yourlifeandcareerdon’trelyontheideas(bounce)aroundinyourheadsbutyourdowntoearthactions.【答案】bouncing【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：你的生活和事業(yè)不依賴于你腦海中跳躍的想法，而是依賴于你腳踏實地的行動。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，bounce在句子中不作為謂語動詞使用，它和ideas之間為主動關(guān)系，因此使用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填bouncing。9．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Youngmenandwomensinganddancehandinhandaroundthebonfire(express)theirgratitudeforalifeofplentyandgoodwishesfortheingyear.【答案】toexpress【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：青年男女手拉手圍著篝火唱歌跳舞，以表達(dá)他們對豐饒生活的感激之情和對來年的美好祝愿。此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填toexpress。10．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Independenceisanotherwordforfreedom,whichisauniversalvalue(cherish)byallpeople.Freedomislikethedriftingofwhitecloudsintheopenskyandthehappybloomingofaflowerinthewoods.【答案】cherished【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：獨(dú)立是自由的另一個詞，這是所有人都珍視的普遍價值。自由就像在開闊的天空中漂浮的白云，像在樹林中快樂開放的花朵。該句的謂語是is，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，cherish與名詞value之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填cherished。11．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）PossiblythemosthelpfulandjoybringingappI’veaddedtomyphonelatelyisMerlin,afreebirdidentificationprogram(create)bytheCornellUniversityLabofOrnithology.【答案】created【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最近我給安裝的最有用、最能帶來快樂的應(yīng)用程序可能是Merlin，這是康奈爾大學(xué)鳥類學(xué)實驗室開發(fā)的一款免費(fèi)的鳥類識別程序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，create與邏輯主語afreebirdidentificationprogram構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填created。12．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Due(e)intoeffectfromApril1,thelawexplainswaterconservationontheriverbasin,ecologicalprotectionandrestoration,conservationandintensiveuseofwaterresources,floodcontrolandpollutionpreventionamongothermeasures.【答案】toe【詳解】考查不定式。句意：該法將于4月1日起實施，對流域水資源保護(hù)、生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)、水資源保護(hù)和集約利用、防洪和污染防治等措施作出解釋。形容詞due“預(yù)定的，預(yù)期發(fā)生的”后跟不定式，構(gòu)成duetodosth意為“預(yù)定……”，設(shè)空處填動詞不定式toe。故填toe。13．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Hangzhouisrecognizedasthe“CityofWellBeing”inChina.Hangzhoumadeitsname(know)totheworldin2016byhostingtheG20Summit.【答案】known【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：杭州被譽(yù)為中國的“幸福之城”。2016年，杭州因舉辦二十國集團(tuán)峰會而聞名世界。分析句子可知，空處在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，且動詞know與賓語name構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。故填known。14．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Asheplayedhisguqininthemountains,awoodcutternamedZhongZiqiheardthemusicandunderstoodexactlywhatYuwanted(express).【答案】toexpress【詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：當(dāng)他在山上彈奏古琴時，一位名叫鐘子期的樵夫聽到了音樂，并完全理解了他想表達(dá)的意思。wanttodo意為“想要做某事”，為固定搭配，所以此處應(yīng)用todo不定式作賓語。故填toexpress。15．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）AnalltimefavoritedishandsymbolofspringtimeinZhejiangisYanDuXian,adelicioussoup(make)withfreshspringbambooshoots,curedporkandfreshpork.【答案】made【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：腌篤鮮是浙江人最喜歡的一道菜，也是春天的象征，腌篤鮮是一種由新鮮的春筍、腌豬肉和新鮮豬肉制成的美味湯。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，make在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語adelicioussoup構(gòu)成邏輯被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作定語。故填made。16．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Kowkui’sexceptionallylargeleavesoftenleadtoits(mistake)for“vegetable”byfirsttimeviewers,butthis“king”ofgreenteainFang’seyesbeatsothervarietiesatmorethanjustsize.【答案】beingmistaken【詳解】考查動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：猴魁茶的葉子特別大，經(jīng)常讓第一次觀看的人誤認(rèn)為是“蔬菜”，但在方看來，這種綠茶“王”勝過其他品種的不僅僅是大小。分析句子可知，此處為動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)one’sdoingsth.作leadto的賓語，由mistake和邏輯主語Kowkui’sleaves為被動關(guān)系，所以為動名詞被動形式。故填beingmistaken。17．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）ConsistingoftheSuiandTangGrandCanal,theJingHangGrandCanalandtheZhedongCanal,theCanalstretchesover2,700kilometers,crossingeightprovincialleveladministrativeregionsand(link)fivemajorwatersystems.【答案】linking【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：京杭大運(yùn)河由隋唐大運(yùn)河、京杭大運(yùn)河和浙東運(yùn)河組成，全長2700多公里，跨越八個省級行政區(qū)，連接五大水系?？仗幒蜕衔腸rossing并列作狀語，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，邏輯主語theCanal和link之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填linking。18．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Thereef,between15kilometersand150kilometersoffshoreandaround65kmwideinsomeparts,isagatheringofbrilliant,vividcoral(provide)diverswiththemostspectacularunderwaterexperienceimaginable.【答案】providing【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：大堡礁距離海岸15公里至150公里，部分地區(qū)寬約65公里，是一片明亮、鮮艷的珊瑚聚集地，為潛水員提供了可以想象到的最壯觀的水下體驗。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，provide與邏輯主語Thereef之間為為主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填providing。19．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Wearingacostumeand(arm)withapropspear(道具長矛),the42yearoldwalksconfidentlyacrossthestage,practisingavarietyofmartialartmovements,beforeendingthedrillwithaliangxiang(strikingaposeonthestage).【答案】armed【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：42歲的他穿著戲服，手持道具矛，自信地走在舞臺上，練習(xí)各種武術(shù)動作，最后以一個“亮相”(在舞臺上擺出一個姿勢)結(jié)束練習(xí)。固定短語bearmedwith表示“裝備有、配備有”，再分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)省去be，用過去分詞作狀語。故填armed。20．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）First(manufacture)inShanghaiinthe1940s,WhiteRabbitwasn’tonlyahouseholdnameinChina,italsowasusedasgiftsforforeigndignitaries(政要).【答案】manufactured【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：大白兔于20世紀(jì)40年代在上海首次生產(chǎn)，它不僅在中國家喻戶曉，還被用作送給外國政要的禮物。這里為非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語，manufacture和主句主語WhiteRabbit之間存在被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞形式。故填manufactured。21．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）ForWang,(win)thistitleisjustthebeginningofapromisingfuture.Therisingstarsaidhewouldheadtothetopspotsintheprofessionalarena.【答案】winning【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：對王發(fā)來說，贏得這個冠軍只是他美好未來的開始。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動名詞作主語。故填winning。22．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）What’smore,ChineseCultureCentersinCairo,Paris,Berlin,TokyoandDenmark,tonameafew,areintroducingChinabyholdingculturalactivities,openingtrainingclasses,and(build)libraries.【答案】building【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：此外，開羅、巴黎、柏林、東京、丹麥等地的中國文化中心正在通過舉辦文化活動、開設(shè)培訓(xùn)班、建設(shè)圖書館等方式介紹中國。根據(jù)上文openingtrainingclasses,and可知本句與上文構(gòu)成并列非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，為動名詞作介詞的賓語。故填building。23．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Whenshespottedsuchabandonedgoods,sheputapairofeyeballshapedstickersonthembeforepublishingnotesonhersocialmediaaccounts,andguidingothers(pick)themupfromthestreets.【答案】topick【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)這些被遺棄的物品時，她在上面貼了一對眼球形狀的貼紙，然后在她的社交媒體賬戶上發(fā)布注釋，并引導(dǎo)其他人從街上撿起這些物品。guidesb.todosth.意為“指導(dǎo)某人做某事”。故填topick。24．（2023高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Aresort(度假勝地)inVietnamhasopenedaglassbottomedfootbridge,thethirdsuchbridgeintheSoutheastAsiancountry,(connect)twomountains.【答案】connecting【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：越南的一個度假勝地開設(shè)了一座玻璃底人行橋，這是東南亞國家的第三座這樣的橋，連接兩座山。句子的謂語為hasopened，設(shè)空處作非謂語動詞，connect與邏輯主語aglassbottomedfootbridge之間為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作后置定語。故填connecting。25．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）AsanexpertfortheBabyAnnabellAskTheExpertscampaign,peoplehaveaskedmeif(have)ashypersonalityissomethingwearebornwithorifit’ssomethingwedevelopbasedonourexperiences.【答案】having【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：作為“寶貝安娜貝爾問專家”活動的專家，人們問我，害羞是我們天生的性格，還是我們根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷發(fā)展起來的性格。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在以if為連接詞的賓語從句中做主語，使用動名詞作主語，故填having。26．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Oneshouldbeclearaboutwhat(love)orhate.Renesfromlearningandselfcultivation:itcanbeseenfromaperson’sappearance.【答案】tolove【詳解】考查不定式。句意：一個人應(yīng)該清楚地知道愛什么或恨什么。分析句子可知此處為“疑問詞+不定式”作介詞about的賓語，故填tolove。27．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Fromthelate13thuntil19thcentury,withthehighestsectionbuiltandtheoveralllength(shorten),theCanalwasturnedintoamainpassagebetweennorthernandsouthernChinaaswellastheeconomiclifelineofthecountry.【答案】shortened【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從13世紀(jì)末到19世紀(jì)，隨著最高段的建造和總長度的縮短，運(yùn)河成為中國南北之間的主要通道和國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈。在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，空處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)，shorten和邏輯主語length之間為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。故填shortened。28．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Sofar,Shandonghaslaunchedmanyculturaltourismprojects,makinggreatprogressindiggingintothecultureandvalueoftheYellowRiver(boost)thehighqualitydevelopmentoftheregion.【答案】toboost【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：迄今為止，山東已經(jīng)啟動了許多文化旅游項目，在挖掘黃河文化和價值方面取得了重大進(jìn)展，以推動該地區(qū)的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知boost在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。故填toboost。29．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Sincethesummerof2022,a26yearoldShanghairesident(name)ChenJiaoronghasbeenwalkingalongJuluRoadinShanghai’sdowntownareaonceortwiceaweek,lookingaroundandpickingup“garbage”.【答案】named【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：自從2022年夏天開始，一個名叫陳嬌蓉的26歲的上海居民，經(jīng)常會在上海市中心的巨鹿路上一周走一到兩次，四處看看并撿起“垃圾”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，此處name作為后置定語，修飾名詞resident，之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞形式。故填named。30．（2024高三·全國·專題練習(xí)）Theministrywillmakecontinuousefforts(increase)theproportionofgreenbuildings,raisebuildingenergyefficiencystandardsandpopularizebuildingswithextralowenergyconsumptioninregionswithsuitableclimateconditions.【答案】toincrease【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：環(huán)保部將繼續(xù)努力提高綠色建筑的比例，提高建筑能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并在氣候條件適宜的地區(qū)推廣超低能耗建筑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定式，在句中作目的狀語。故填toincrease。二、書面表達(dá)1．（2024·江蘇徐州·模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。OnApril8,MikeKrugman,74,hadlethisdogRileyoutforapredinnerwalkonhis36acreproperty.Krugmangotitskibble(狗糧)ready,waitingforit.SometimesRileylikedtogodowntothebarnandbarkedatthehorses.WhenKrugmanwenttothebarnandcouldn’tfindthedog,hebecameconcernedanddecidedtotakearidearoundthepropertyonhisATV.Thefivefootfencethatsurroundshispropertywasburiedinsnow,leavingKrugmantowonderwhetherRileyclimbedonthesnowandwalkedoverthetopofthefence.TherewasanotherpossibilityKrugmanwasworriedabout.KrugmanthoughtthatmaybeRileyhadgonelookingforRose,hiswife,whohaddiedofaheartconditioninJanuary.SheandRiley,whowouldsleeponherpilloweverynight,wereextremelyclose.“ThenwhenRosepassedaway,ithidbehindthebedforseveraldays,”Krugmansaid.“Youcouldtellitreallymissedher.”AfterRileywentmissing,Krugmanbegantolookforit.HetriedtofindRiley’stracksinthesnowbutfailed.ZachHackett,onMay14,wasup12,000feethikingonamountaininColoradowhenhethoughtheheardafaintyipfromadog.Ashewalkedthroughaclearing,hesawit:ablackandwhiteShetlandsheepdog,visiblyshiveringbehindsomefallenpinetrees.“Heybuddy,”hecalledout,thenwhistled,“ehere!Doyouwantatreat?”Thedogletoutapitifulgroanwithpain,gettingstuckundertangled(亂糟糟的)branches.Hewasalittlestartled,becausedogsshouldn’thavebeenuptheresohigh.Hackettrealizedthedogwastooweaktomove.Itwasfreezingcold.Thedoglookedlikeitwasneardeath.Hackettbelievedwhathe’dheardwasthedog’slastcryforhelp,andthatifhehadn’tealongthedogwouldhavediedthere.Hetriedtocall911forhelpbuttherewasnosignal.Heknewhewasgoingtohavetocarryhimdownthemountain.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Hetookactionimmediately.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hackettdialedthetelephonenumberonthetagaroundthedog’sneck.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】【Onepossibleversion】Hetookactionimmediately.Carefullyliftingthedogintohisarms,Hackettfeltitsbonesthroughitsthinfur.Thedogwhinedsoftly,butdidn’tresist.Hackettbeganthearduousjourneydownthemountain.Everystepwasdeliberate,mindfuloftherockygroundandthedog’sfragilestate.Hespokesoothinglytothedog,hopinghisvoicewouldprovidesomefort.Hourslater,theyfinallyarrivedatananimalhospitalwhereRileyreceivedimmediatetreatment.Hackettstayedbyitssideandnoticedatagpeekingoutofthefur.Hackettdialedthetelephonenumberonthetagaroundthedog’sneck.Awearyvoiceanswered.Onthephone,HacketttoldthemanhefoundaShetlandsheepdogindistressupinthemountains.Thetagofthedoghadthetelephonenumberonit.ThemanontheotherendgaspedinamazementandaskedforHackett’slocation.ThenitwasnotlongbeforeMikeKrugman,overwhelmedwithgratitude,wasreunitedwithRiley.“Mr.Hackett,you’vebroughtbackapartofourfamily.”Krugman’svoicechoked.Rileybarkedhappily,hiseyesbrightoncemore,readytoreturnhomeandcontinuehiswalksaroundtheproperty,thistimeunderKrugman’swatchfuleye.【導(dǎo)語】本文主要以尋找Riley為線索。文章講述了主人公Krugman4月8日讓他的狗Riley在他36英畝的土地上散步，之后準(zhǔn)備喂他的狗時，發(fā)現(xiàn)狗失蹤了。于是主人公開始進(jìn)行各種猜測并四處尋找Riley，但是找不到。5月14日，一個名叫Hackett的人在一座海拔1.2萬英尺的山上徒步旅行時發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只黑白相間的設(shè)得蘭牧羊犬，在一些倒下的松樹后面瑟瑟發(fā)抖，非常虛弱。Hackett撥打911但是沒有信號，于是決定把它帶下山?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“他立即采取了行動?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼慔ackett帶著狗下山的艱難過程。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“Hackett撥打了狗脖子上標(biāo)簽上的號碼?！笨芍诙慰擅鑼慔ackett聯(lián)系到了Krugman，Krugman和他的狗Riley團(tuán)聚了，并感謝了Hackett。2.續(xù)寫線索：采取行動——安撫——帶下山——治療——聯(lián)系Krugman——團(tuán)聚——感謝3.詞匯激活行為類①到達(dá)：arriveat/getto/reach②注意：notice/takenoteof/takenoticeof③回家：returnhome/gobackhome情緒類①感激：gratitude/appreciation/thankfulness②吃驚：inamazement/insurprise/amazingly/surprisingly【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Hourslater,theyfinallyarrivedatananimalhospitalwhereRileyreceivedimmediatetreatment.（運(yùn)用了由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句）[高分句型2]ThenitwasnotlongbeforeMikeKrugman,overwhelmedwithgratitude,wasreunitedwithRiley.（由before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句）2．（2024·山東菏澤·模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。InthemunityofBelfast,Mainelivedanoldlady,MarinaDelune,67,whohadacutedognamedRuth.ThebrighteyedWestHighlandWhiteTerrier(梗犬)jumpedoutofherowner’scaronTuesdayandranofffromherBelfasthome.Asapersonwithmultipledisabilities,Marinacouldn’tdomuchsearchingherself.SoshepostedapieceofinformationonaBelfastFacebookpagethatsheneededhelplookingforherlostdog.Sheexpectedonlyafewpeoplewouldrespond.However,theresponsethatshegotwasbeyondherexpectation.“Itwasextraordinary.Icouldn’tevenkeepupwith