譯林版五年級上冊英語語法知識點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)課程

1、譯林版五年級上冊英語語法知識點(diǎn)精品文檔精品文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除五年級上冊英語語法知識點(diǎn)一、注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用于： How many 后面； some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three 后面； these/thos詬面all the后面；between后面跟一種物體時，這個物體用復(fù)數(shù)like后面are前面的人稱和名詞用復(fù)數(shù)：we/they/the children2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：一般直接 +s： bears, students,以 s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，力口 es： bus-buse

2、s box-boxes,3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕,再加ies :library libraries hobby-hobbies story-stories4）不規(guī)貝U名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, footfeet, Child-children3、不可數(shù)名詞：water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread（ 面包），rice（米 飯）,hair等等。二、注意一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)；（注：所有否定句、疑問句中，動詞都用原形。）1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù)：（俗稱

3、：三單）1）人稱代詞he, she, it作主語時;2）單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語時；3）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時；4）不可數(shù)名詞作主語時；5、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時，等等c2、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下：1） 一般情況下，動詞后面直接加s.如：works / plays/ reads2）以s. x. sh. ch o結(jié)尾的動詞，在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕,再加es.例：study- studies fly-flies car

4、ry-carries4）不規(guī)則動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：have has; beis三、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數(shù)詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主代詞my我的your你的his他的her她的Its它的our我們的your你們的their他們的1、主格用來作句中的主語，用于動詞前面。例：They are doctors.2、賓格用來作句中的賓語，放在動詞或介詞的后面。本冊書上出現(xiàn)的詞組：in front of her show her around pushme teach you What s wrng with

5、him ? write him a letterHere s a Christmas card foou. Let me. chat with them on the Internet givejt a cake3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞，之所以叫它們形容詞是因?yàn)樗麄?必須放在名詞前面。4、名詞所有格 作形容詞性，表示所屬關(guān)系；在人名或稱呼后加，s以s結(jié)尾的，直接加如：mothers parents5、序數(shù)詞 first-second-third-fourth 1）序數(shù)詞一般要與 the連用；2）在某一層樓用介詞on。四、選擇和用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1、哪些情況加動詞原形（注：有

6、to時，to跟后面的動詞原形放在同一空格）1） want to + 動詞原形2） would like to + 動詞原形 3） its timeto +動詞原形4）情態(tài)動詞can+動詞原形5）助動詞（do, does , dodt, doesnt） +動詞原形6） let+動詞原形7）祈使句中動詞用原形（女口 Do your homework,please.）8）否定句在句首加 Dont （如 Dont do your homework, please）動詞原 形2、哪些情況加動詞inglike 2） go 3） be good at 4 be 5）后面跟名詞，如 swimming less

7、on動詞+ing變化規(guī)則如下：A、直接力口上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancinghave-having come-coming write-writingC、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母，再加上 ing從單詞的末尾開始往前數(shù)符合“輔音-元音-輔音”結(jié)構(gòu)的。（注：詞尾是w和y的除外,如：drawing, playing等除外）;run-running sit-sitting put-putting chat-chattingg

8、et-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping形容詞加名詞（形名） 如：a beautiful girl動詞加副詞（動副） 如：swim wellSome和 any 用法：some 一般用于肯定句，any”用于否定句和疑問句。但在一些表示委婉 請求，想得到對方肯定回答時也用“ some。（小技巧：末尾是句號，句中 是any,那這句型是否定句）There be結(jié)構(gòu)就近原則，be動詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù) 量。如：There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.樂器前加 t

9、he,球類前不加 the.如：play the piano, play footballWho當(dāng)作特殊的第三人稱 單數(shù)（Who sings well?）一般現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成:1）主語+be（am,is,are）+其它。2）主語+行為動詞+其 它。關(guān)鍵詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every（注：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞加s, e或輔音+y時，把y變?yōu)閕再加eg身 他時候動詞用原形）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時關(guān)鍵詞：look, listen, now （注：be動詞（is am are）砌ting, 兩者缺一不可）and前后謂語動詞一致。指當(dāng)句子中有

10、兩個或兩個以上的謂語動詞共用同一個主語時，一般謂語動詞的時態(tài)保持一致She oftengoesfishing and takes photos. Let,s go and have some chicken.相同意思不同用法的辨析：；there is/are 和 have/hasthere is/are 表示在某地有某物（或某人）；表示存在；there be 就近原則；have/has表示某人有某物；表示所屬關(guān)系；前面必須有主語。也；too-either-alsotoo用于肯定句和疑問句句末；either用于否定句句末；also用于句 中。3）者B; both-allboth用于兩者都；all

11、用于三者及以上都。4）好；good-wellgood+名詞；動詞+well 。5）和；with-andwith是介詞，意思是“和一起”，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。and是連詞，意思是“和，用and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時，謂 語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換同義句：Its time for sth= It time to do sth該是時間了 （注:for 后面跟名詞;to后面跟動詞原形）It s time for dinner.=It s time to have dinner.What time is it?=Whats the time?幾,電呢?There is（are） no- （s

12、） - =There isnt / arentany 沒有have no- = don have （any） 沒有They have no legs or arms. =They don t have any legs or arms.has no = doesn have （any） 沒有I like picnics. = I like having picnics. 注：like 后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或動名詞 （動詞+ing） show sth （K物）to sb（某人）=show sb （M物）sth（某人）向展示東西give sth（某物）to sb（某人尸give sb保物）sth（某人）

13、給人東西What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可愛的螞蟻啊That is Jan smbrella.= That umbrella is Janis.那是杰的傘Whats wrong with him? = Whats the matter with him?他怎么了 ?否定句1、有 be動詞 （am, is ,are , be后直接加 not （am not/ is not=isnt/ are not =arent）;2、有 can, can后直接力口 not （can not=cadt）;3、只有動詞，在動詞原形前加 dont三單動詞前加d

14、oesnt,動詞變回原 牘。He does his homework.（改成否定句） He doesn?t do his homework.一般疑問句：用Yes或No回答的句子1、有be動詞，be動詞提前；2、有 can或 would, can或 would 提前；3、只有動詞，句首加Do/ Does,動詞用原形;注意：I 或 Are you ; some變 any; my 變 your; and 變 or .特殊疑問句：有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句There be句型提問：1、對數(shù)量提問：How many +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there +介詞短語？（注：對there be后面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提

15、問時，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用復(fù)數(shù)形式提問）例：There ar24classrooms in our school? / Thorly ioneclassroom in our school?（ 劃線部分提問）How many classrooms are there in our school?（注： 上面兩句提問，都是這句子）How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +介詞短語？例：There is some milk in the glass.（對劃線部分提問）How much milk is there in the glass?2、對主語提問there be針對主語提

16、問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What sn介詞短語？（注：對there be后面的主語提問時，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用Whats 提問）例：There aresix books on the desk. / There isa book on the desk.阿戈4線部分提問）What s on the desk?注：上面兩句提問，都是這句子）感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：感嘆句常用 how或what來引導(dǎo)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是名詞how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，最終修飾的是形容詞/副詞What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可愛的螞蟻?。澗€提問，疑問

17、詞：What問什么； What colour 問顏色；What time問具體時間（如幾點(diǎn)鐘）；when問范圍廣的時間；where問在哪里；How old問年齡；how many問數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）；2）問價錢；how about問怎how much 1）2）問價錢；how about問怎who問誰（人）；whose問誰的東西（問主人）；同音詞：Bbebee, C- seesea, FR- are,廣 tea, U-you,、一why, I-eye, too- two-to, four for, herehear, theretheir, right write, sunson, noknow,

18、 pairpear, its its, buy bybye, hi high, wearwhere, aren taunt, whoswhose,近義詞（或同義詞）：Manylots ofa lot of, desktable, likelove, tallhigh near- beside, tooalso, listenhear, looksee, class- lesson, glass- cup, homehouse, beautifulpretty, usually often, hihello, speaksaytalk, riverlake, would likewant, go

19、 home come home 反義詞（或?qū)?yīng)詞）：yes no, thisthat, thesethose, herethere, gocome, open close, bigsmall, fatthin, tall short, longshort, blackwhite, happysad, hotcold, coolwarm, softhard, onunder, in front ofbehind, in out, boygirl, manwoman, wrongright, down up, sitstand, eas廠 difficult, take off （脫下）一put

20、on（穿上） 完整形式：ImI am, wrewe are, you reyou are, heshe is, itsit is, there isthere is, isntis not whoswho is, Letslet us, IdI would, cantcan not, don 1do not, doesntdoes not 特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)：manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, childchildren, foot feet,fishfish, people people, Chinese-Chinese 三單動詞變化： 特殊的：do

21、-does; go-goes; have-has; teachteaches; watch-watches; wash-washes; push-pushes brush-brushes; catch-catches; study - studies; fly-flies;其余的直接加s.動詞變名詞：A. 一般情況下在動詞后面直接加er。teach-teacher , workworker, play player, singsinger, find finderB.以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加r。write writer, drivedriver, come comer, dance dancerC

22、.符合重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞，先雙寫最后一個字母，再加 er。runrunner, beginbeginner, swimswimmerD.部分單詞在詞尾加or。visit visitor, actactorE.本身既是動詞又是名詞。cookcook, doctordoctorCulture 板塊：U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7. U1: Coffee is popular in Western countries. Tea is popular in China.咖啡在西方國家受歡迎。茶在中國受歡迎。. U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor.

23、 In the US, this is the first floor.在英國，這是一樓。在美國，這是一樓。. U3: You can see pandas in China. You can see bald eagles in the US.你在中國可以看到熊貓。你在美國能看到禿鷹。You can see polar bears in Canada. You can see kangaroos inAustralia.你在加拿大能看到北極熊。你在澳大利亞能看到袋鼠。. U5: In the US, we call a policeman a In the Uop We call a fir

24、efighter a “fireman ” .在美國，我們稱呼警察為cop。在英國，我們稱呼消防隊員精品文檔精品文檔為 fireman。. U6: We write Chinese addresses like thi峨們這樣書寫中文地址。（國名一地名一人名，由大到?。￤e write English addresses like this 我們這樣書寫英文地址。（人名一地名一國名，由小到大）. U7: Basketball is very popular in the US. Football is very popular in the UK.籃球在美國很受歡迎。足球在英國很受歡迎。Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中國很受