高中英語(yǔ)-概要寫作-素材

1、概要寫作，考生并不陌生。在日常的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，教師經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生就所學(xué)英語(yǔ)課文逐段概括段落大意或者 復(fù)述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打 下基礎(chǔ)。除此之外，作為考生，耍積累常見的同義短語(yǔ)和句型 轉(zhuǎn)換，掌握并熟 練運(yùn)用單詞、短語(yǔ)和句型。“巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒(méi)有相 應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí)，也很難寫出概要寫作的上乘之作。因 此，考生要在基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí)上下功 夫，以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。另外，要進(jìn)行適度地專題練習(xí)。這有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要點(diǎn)，找到概要寫 作的感覺(jué)，沖破對(duì)概要寫作的不適感。平時(shí)可多關(guān)注往年的高考閱讀文章，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu) 分析和主旨概括訓(xùn) 練?？砂次捏w和題材，分類訓(xùn)練篇

2、章結(jié)構(gòu)的局，增強(qiáng)對(duì)文章上下文連貫性的把握，提高寫作能力。（二）使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)（一）中的改寫句子進(jìn)行仿寫.我感到筋疲力盡，于是就早早地上床睡覺(jué)了。.我給他打電話，邀請(qǐng)他參加我的生日派對(duì)。.面對(duì)困難，我們永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。.他出生于1993年，今年快18歲了。.由于我對(duì)這個(gè)城市很了解，我感到就像在家一樣。.剛才談到的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我的同班同學(xué)。.生活在這兒的人忍受著污染之苦。.他遲到了讓老師很不高興。（三）使用倒裝句改寫下列句子didnt go to bed until Father came back.We can get along very well with each other o

3、nly in this way.A tall tower stands in front of the building.Travelling can not only relax us, but also broaden our horizons.spare no efforts to do 替換 try ones best to domany a 替換 manybe rushed off ones feet 替換 be busy in doinga handful of 替換 a little / somemeanwhile 替換 at the same timeget to ones f

4、eet 替換 stand upbeneath 替換 underoccasionally 替換 sometimes /once in whilefor instance 替換 for exampleseldom 替換 not oftenwealthy 替換 richamazing 替換 surprisingas a matter of fact 替換 in fact二.高級(jí)句型結(jié)構(gòu) It句型It will be + some time + before.It wont be long before humans visit the Mars.It is + adj./n.+ for sb to

5、do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. （ 2008 年 湖北卷）It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that*It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.Those who l

6、ike reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. more .than any other 表示最高級(jí)Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.名詞從句It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. （

7、2004 全國(guó) 卷in）My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定語(yǔ)從句The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. （NMET 2003）It was quite an experience for us both, which

8、 ril never forget for the rest of my life. （2002 北京卷）分詞結(jié)構(gòu)I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. （NMET 2001）Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. （2004 全國(guó)卷 IDHearing

9、this, a few people began to run after him. （2004 遼寧卷）Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. （2008 年湖南卷） with結(jié)構(gòu)A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large

10、 suitcase in his left hand.倒裝句The library is to the east of the teaching building. 一East of the teaching building is the library.Although we are tired, we are happy. Tired as we are, we are happy.Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)May all your dreams come true! May our friend

11、ship last till the end of the universe.! (2007 年湖南卷)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004 全國(guó)卷 IV)New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江蘇卷)巧妙的改寫. Only 改成 no one butOnly Tom pass

12、ed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam. as soon as 改成 No sooner.than./Hardly.when./Immediately./The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.). have sb/sth do/doneThe girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).變換插入語(yǔ)的位置Howev

13、er, they suggest fees should be charged low.They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese.This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve lear

14、ned Chinese. (2004 全國(guó)卷 I).用同位語(yǔ)代替非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.一Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.(2002 上海卷)Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and p

15、oems that are read all over the world. (2008 年湖南卷)其它(1)注重句子的開頭用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)開頭With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.With his help, we*ve learned how to analyze and settle problems. (2006 年湖南卷)With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to

16、 edit test, browse web page and download what we want. (2009 年江蘇卷)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式開頭i ) In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.ii ) Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.(2)長(zhǎng)短句交錯(cuò)使用(注意：應(yīng)突出主題句；長(zhǎng)句子并非越長(zhǎng)越好) 相關(guān)過(guò)渡語(yǔ).表示時(shí)間順序：first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later, first of all

17、, finally, at last.表示空間順序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side.表示比較、對(duì)照：like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise.表示因果關(guān)系：because, for, as a result, therefore, thus.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, fu

18、rthermore, in addition, on topof.表示并列關(guān)系：and, as well as, also.to conclude.表示總結(jié)性：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型躬耕英語(yǔ)百家號(hào) 10-1207:10簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型典型例句五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)、句型1： Subject住語(yǔ)）+ Verb （謂語(yǔ)）（謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞）The red sunrises in the east.紅彤彤的太陽(yáng)從東方升起來(lái)。Lucy and

19、 Mary get upearly every morning.露西和瑪麗每天早上很早就起床。His parents have workedin the company for ten years.他的父母在這家公司工作十年了。What he said does not matter.他說(shuō)的話不重要。They had to travel by boat.他們不得不乘船旅行。二、句型 2： Subject （主語(yǔ)）+ Link. V（系動(dòng)詞）+ Predicate（表語(yǔ)）Our English teacher is thirty years old.我們的英語(yǔ)老師 30 歲了。The cake

20、tastes delicious.這個(gè)蛋糕吃起來(lái)很可口。The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就壞了。They seemed very happy together.他們?cè)谝黄鸷孟窈苄腋?。It gets colder and colder.天氣越來(lái)越冷了。The leaves have turned yellow.樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。三、句型3： Subject（主語(yǔ)）+ Verb （謂語(yǔ)）（謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞）+ Object （賓語(yǔ)）He put the dictionary in the backpack.他把詞典放進(jìn)了背包里。I saw her jus

21、t now and she was doing her homework in the classroom,我岡ij才看至U她了，她正 在教室做作業(yè)。They havent decided when and where to hold the party.他們還沒(méi)有決定什么時(shí)候、在哪兒舉辦這次聚會(huì)。She stopped teaching English two years ago.她兩年前就不教英語(yǔ)了。Do you know when he left for Beijing?你知道他什么時(shí)候去的北京嗎？Mother promised to give me a present.母親答應(yīng)要給我一

22、件禮物。Would you mind opening the window?打開窗戶你介意嗎？注意：跟不定式to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：打算(intend)計(jì)劃(plan)和期盼(expect)假裝(pretend)喜歡(would like)表祝愿(wish)決定(decide)同意(agree)設(shè)法(manage)說(shuō)服(persuade)不拒絕(refuse)好像(seem/appear)答應(yīng)(promise)做努力(attempt)失敗(fail)也付得起(afford)注意：常要求接“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask, consider, decide, discover, expl

23、ain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。注意：只接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式而不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考慮delay耽擱dislike嫌惡enjoy喜歡escape避免excuse原諒fancy想不到feel like意欲finish完成forgive原諒give up放棄cannot help情不自禁imagine設(shè)想include包括keep保持mention 提及 mind 介意 m

24、iss 逃過(guò) put off 推遲 practice 練習(xí)resist抵制risk冒險(xiǎn)四、句型 4： Subject(主語(yǔ))+ Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+ Direct object (直接賓 語(yǔ))Mr.Smith taught us English last year.史密斯先生去年教我們英語(yǔ)。Grandma told me an interesting story last night.奶奶昨晚給我講了 一個(gè)有趣的故事。Would you please pass me that dictionary?=Would you please pass tha

25、t dictionary to me?請(qǐng)你把那本詞典遞給我好嗎？He bought his mother a new sweater with his first months salary.=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first months salary.他用第一個(gè)月的工資給母親買了一件新毛衣。注意：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（物）。如果把表示物的直接賓語(yǔ)放在表示人的間接賓語(yǔ)前，需要借助于介詞to或for。to表示:朝著，向著，對(duì)著;for表示:為（某 人）潛（某人）。需 要 借 助 介 詞 to 的 動(dòng) 詞W

26、：bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write 等。需要借助介詞 for 的動(dòng)詞有:bring,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,save,spare 等。五、句型 5： Subject（主語(yǔ)）+Verb （動(dòng)詞）+Object （賓語(yǔ)）+Complement（補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）If you let me go. Ill make you king.（名詞作賓補(bǔ)）Leave the door open.（形容詞作賓補(bǔ)）We found Li Ming out when we arr

27、ived.（副詞作賓補(bǔ)）Make yourself at home.（介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）I saw a stranger enter the building.（不定式作賓補(bǔ)）The boss kept them working all day.（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)）Yesterday he had his leg broken.（過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)）5.1 was so angry that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.6. It is true that money can contribute to our happiness,

28、but it is by no means everything.（四）使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句改寫下列句子The villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment until all the fish in the river died out.（強(qiáng)調(diào) until 從句）What should I do then?（強(qiáng)調(diào) what）The old man found his wallet missing in the shop.（強(qiáng)調(diào) in that shop）He realized what a terrible mista

29、ke he had made then.（強(qiáng)調(diào) then）The ability to do the job matters, not where you come from or what you ar已（強(qiáng)調(diào) the ability to do the job）（五）使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣翻譯下列句子.我要是你，我不會(huì)灰心的。.要不是你的幫助，我們不會(huì)取得這么大的進(jìn)步。.要是沒(méi)電，生活會(huì)是另一番樣子。.我多么希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)說(shuō)那話!.是人們?cè)撚X(jué)醒到污染的巨大危害的時(shí)候了。Being worn-out, I went to bed early.I called him up, inviting him t

30、o my birthday party.Never shall we give way to disappointment when faced with difficulties.= When faced with difficulties, we shall never give way to disappointment.Born in 1993, he is nearly 18 years old.Being very familiar with his city, I feel myself at home.People living here are suffering from

31、pollution, not where you come from or what you areHis being late made the teacher unhappy.Not until Father came back did I go to bed.Only in this way can we get along very well with each other.In front of the building stands a tall tower.Not only can travelling relax us, but also broaden our horizon

32、s.So angry was I that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.It was not until all the fish in the river died out that the villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment.What is it that I should do then?It was in that shop that the old man found his wallet missingIt was the

33、n that he realized what a terrible mistake he had made.It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.If I were you, you wouldnt lose heart.Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.Without electricity（=If there were no electricity）, life wo

34、uld be quite different.How I wish I hadnt said that then.It is high time that people awake to the great danger of pollution.（二）使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)（一）中的改寫句子進(jìn)行仿寫.我感到筋疲力盡，于是就早早地上床睡覺(jué)了。.我給他打電話，邀請(qǐng)他參加我的生日派對(duì)。.面對(duì)困難，我們永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。4他出生于1993年，今年快18歲了。.由于我對(duì)這個(gè)城市很了解，我感到就像在家一樣。.剛才談到的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我的同班同學(xué)。.生活在這兒的人忍受著污染之苦。.他遲到了讓老師很不高興。（

35、三）使用倒裝句改寫下列句子1.1 didnt go to bed until Father came back.We can get along very well with each other only in this way.A tall tower stands in front of the building.Travelling can not only relax us, but also broaden our horizons.5.1 was so angry that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.6. It

36、 is true that money can contribute to our happiness, but it is by no means everything.（四）使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句改寫下列句子The villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment until all the fish in the river died out.（強(qiáng)調(diào) until 從句）What should I do then?（強(qiáng)調(diào) what）The old man found his wallet missing in the sh

37、op.（強(qiáng)調(diào) in that shop）He realized what a terrible mistake he had made then.（強(qiáng)調(diào) then）The ability to do the job matters, not where you come from or what you are.（強(qiáng)調(diào) the ability to do the job）（五）使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣翻譯下列句子.我要是你，我不會(huì)灰心的。.要不是你的幫助，我們不會(huì)取得這么大的進(jìn)步。.要是沒(méi)電，生活會(huì)是另一番樣子。.我多么希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)說(shuō)那話!.是人們?cè)撚X(jué)醒到污染的巨大危害的時(shí)候了。Being worn-ou

38、t, I went to bed early.I called him up, inviting him to my birthday party.Never shall we give way to disappointment when faced with difficulties.= When faced with difficulties, we shall never give way to disappointment.Born in 1993, he is nearly 18 years old.Being very familiar with his city, I feel

39、 myself at home.People living here are suffering from pollution, not where you come from or what you areHis being late made the teacher unhappy.Not until Father came back did I go to bed.Only in this way can we get along very well with each other.In front of the building stands a tall tower.Not only

40、 can travelling relax us, but also broaden our horizons.So angry was I that I telephoned the police, who came shortly after.It was not until all the fish in the river died out that the villagers didnt realize the importance of protecting environment.What is it that I should do then?It was in that sh

41、op that the old man found his wallet missingIt was then that he realized what a terrible mistake he had made.It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.If I were you, you wouldnt lose heart.Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.Witho

42、ut electricity(=If there were no electricity), life would be quite different.How I wish I hadnt said that then.It is high time that people awake to the great danger of pollution.使用部分倒裝的情況l.only修飾的狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)位于句首時(shí)。如：Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做過(guò)三次手術(shù)之后，他才能不用拐杖行

43、走。Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多練習(xí)你才能通過(guò)駕駛考試。但only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則不倒裝。如：Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎樣解那道題。2,含有否定意義的副詞(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首時(shí)。如：Seldom in all my life have 1 met such a brave man,我一生很少見過(guò)這么勇敢的人。Never did she care abo

44、ut her own safety, though she was in great danger herself雖然她處于極大的危險(xiǎn)之中， 但她根本不顧自己的安全。3.not until位于句首時(shí)。如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世紀(jì)初，人們才知道熱是何物。在復(fù)合句中，只有主句用倒裝，until引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝。如：Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直至U失去健康才會(huì)戒酒。4.在110$00優(yōu)

45、匚.如11.,1祖丫品“1丫必正1乂.1.結(jié)構(gòu)中，前面部分位于句首時(shí)，其后的分句要部 分倒裝(謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí))。如：Hardly had the baby seenthe dogwhen she cried.那女嬰一看到狗就哭了起來(lái)。NO sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻譯剛踏進(jìn)國(guó)門就又受命要去他國(guó)。5.not only.(but also)位于句首引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句中的主謂要采用部分倒裝，第二個(gè)分 句則不倒裝。如：Not only does h

46、e teach in school, but hewrites novels.他不但在學(xué)校教書，而且還寫小說(shuō)。Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但說(shuō)得正確，而且說(shuō)得流利。6.so/neither/nor開頭的句子，說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者時(shí)，用倒裝句so/neither/nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。如：She has been to Dalian and so have I.她去過(guò)大連，我也去過(guò)。John cant speak Japanese, nor can Helen.約

47、翰不會(huì)講日語(yǔ)，海倫也不會(huì)。但同意對(duì)方的看法，表示“是的、確實(shí)之意時(shí)，用“so+主語(yǔ)+be/have /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”句式，即主 謂不倒裝。目前考查這種句式的省份較多。如：Maggie had a wonderful time at the pany., and so did I.A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she(安徽2003)7.as/thoush引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可將謂語(yǔ)部分的形容詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞等提到句首，采用部分倒裝。 如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。如：Brave as they were, the

48、 danger made them afraid.盡管他們很勇敢，但這樣的危險(xiǎn)仍使他們感到畏懼。8.在so/suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，so/such及其修飾部分位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。如：So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂亮，她在選美比賽中獲得冠軍。Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他發(fā)表的演說(shuō)那么有教育意義，以至于所有的聽眾都很感動(dòng)。9.在含有w

49、ere/had/should虛擬條件句中，省去if,把這三個(gè)詞放在句首時(shí)。如：Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents.如果她現(xiàn)在在這兒，她就能照顧她的父母了。Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should have seen you.要是你參加了畢業(yè)典禮，我就會(huì)見到你了。10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：May you be happy

50、!祝你幸福！沖刺2012回扣材料之書面表達(dá)中的高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)我們高三英語(yǔ)教師在講評(píng)書面表達(dá)時(shí)，經(jīng)常告訴同學(xué)們說(shuō)，書面表達(dá)要得高分，就得有高級(jí)句型和高級(jí)詞 匯；但很多同學(xué)在寫書面表達(dá)時(shí)，總認(rèn)為高級(jí)句型和高級(jí)詞匯很神秘，高不可及。其實(shí)，未必如此！通過(guò) 研讀一些優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生習(xí)作和歷年高考書面表達(dá)的范文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多所謂的高級(jí)句型和高級(jí)詞匯正是我 們老師反復(fù)講解和訓(xùn)練的。下面列舉一些常見且高級(jí)的詞匯和句型，供同學(xué)們參考。一.高級(jí)詞匯occur 替換 think ofSuddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. 一An idea o

51、ccurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.devote 替換 spendHe spends all his spare time in reading.一He devotes all his spare time to reading.seek 替換 want / look forThey sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.average 替換 or

52、dinaryIm an average ( ordinary ) student.but 替換 veryThe fllm we saw last night was very interesting.一The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The Him we saw last night was anything but boring.seat 替換 sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking wo

53、rried.suppose 替換 shouldHe is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.appreciate 替換 thankThank you very much for you help. 一We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.the case 替換 trueI dont think it is the case (true ).on 替換 as soon asAs soon as he arrived, he began his

54、 research.On his arrival, he began his research.due to 替換 because ofHe arrived late due to ( because of) the storm.cover 替換 walk/readAfter covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.contribute to 替換 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. 一Plenty of memory

55、 work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.round the corner 替換 coming soon/ nearby The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).come to light 替換 discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost

56、 jewels.一The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to lighthave a ball 替換 have a good time/ enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).come up with 替換 think ofJack is very clever. He often comes up with (thinks of) new ideas.set aside 替換 saveSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004 天津卷)be of + n.替換 adj.The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.refer to 替換