2015年考研英語模擬試題

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)Passage One However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying (否認) the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored by the teacher. The

2、y can become strong help to the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously go against the learning aims. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted lectures explaining such matter as the read

3、ing readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of repor

4、ting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly inter If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he w

5、ill soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to pretty accounts of childrens misbehaviors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for punishm

6、ent and rewards at home. What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fu

7、llest development of youngsters capacities. (355)1.The central idea expressed in the above passage is thatA home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the aims of the scho

8、ol.C there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.D parents unconsciously have gone against the teaching aims.2.The author directly discusses the fact thatA parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B principals have explained the new art programs to pare

9、nts.C a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.D a parents misguided efforts can be properly directed.3.It can reasonably be inferred that the authorA is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.B feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly

10、superior to the developmental program.C feels that teacherparent conference can be more productive.D is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation.4.The author implies thatA participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones

11、achievement in that area.B too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.5.We may infer that the writer of the article does favorA a fathers he

12、lping his son with the latters studies.B written communications to the parents from the teacher.C having the parents observe lessons which the children are being taught.D principal parent conferences rather than teacher parent conferences.Passage Two The importance and focus on the interview in the

13、work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interv

14、iewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such

15、 study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other h

16、and, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful gene

17、ral literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are mo

18、re familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interview

19、er is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis (診斷) and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivi

20、d acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates. (371)6.The main idea of the firs

21、t paragraph is thatA generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism.B importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.Cconcepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing.

22、D personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.7.Much research has been done on interviews in generalA so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.B though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much att

23、ention.C but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected.D and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing.8.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interviewA but most of them wish to stay away from it.B and many of them h

24、ope to be interviewed someday.C and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it.D but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.9.Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?A The patient. B The physician.C The Journalist. D The psychologist.10.The passage is most lik

25、ely a part of.A a news article B a research reportC a journalistic interview D a prefacePassage Three Since 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur, leather, wool, and food. They have mounted protests against all forms of hunting

26、and the trapping of animals in the wild. And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals” by

27、Peter Singer, formerly a professor of philosophy at Oxford University in England. This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement. The post 1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors, and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical. Many

28、new organizations are formed. The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public. Since the mid1980s there have been frequent news reports about animal right organizations picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to fre

29、e animals. Some of the more extreme organizations advocate the use of assault, armed terrorism, and death threats to make their point. Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals, most of the organizations have directed their tact

30、ics at institutions. The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed. Companies are reducing reliance on animal testing. Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research. New tests have been developed to

31、 replace the use of animals. Some wellknown designers have stopped using fur. While the general public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a probl

32、em, since fibers used to make fake fur such as the Japanese invention Kanecaron can look almost identical to real fur. Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations. But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion

33、 to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.(383)11.1975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because A many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that year.B a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement.C the en

34、vironmentalists began to show interest in animal protection.D the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world.12.Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order toA wipe out cruel people.B stop using animals in the laboratory.C attack hunters in the wild.D

35、catch full public attention.13.When the author says that “the results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed” (in Para.3),he means the protest and other tacticsA have produced desired effects.B almost amounted to nothing.C have some influence on the public.D have proved to be too radical.

36、14.The word “marshaling” (in the last paragraph) probably means.A conducting B popularizingC changing D outraging15.It seems that the author of this articleA is strongly opposed to the animal rights movement.B is in favor of the animal rights movement.C supports the use of violence in animal protect

37、ion.D hates the use of fake fur for clothes.Passage Four If something you have bought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right. It is the shopkeepers responsibility to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article b

38、ecause he is the person with whom you have entered into an agreement. Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your inquiry, otherwise, you may

39、 never find out who dealt with the complaint later. Even the bravest person finds it difficult to stand up in a group of people to complain, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbe

40、r, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director (總經(jīng)理) of the shop. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive. If your compl

41、aint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to replace or repair the faulty article. You may find this an attractive solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even

42、when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some special loss, for example if a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for advice from your Citizen

43、s Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back. If, for example, he changes an article simply because you dont like it or it does not fit. He does not have to take back the goods in the

44、se circumstances. (398)16.The shopper may make a complaint becauseA he dislikes causing a fuss (大驚小怪).B it doesnt do what is claimed for it.C the article bought is not up to standard.D he was at fault in buying the article.17.When complaining on the telephoneA you should speak direct to the owner.B

45、you must ask for the manager.C you may never find out who dealt with the matter.D you should find out with whom you discuss the matter.18.You can demand your money back only ifA the article cannot be replaced or repaired.B you have gone back immediately.C the article has not gone up in price since y

46、ou bought it.D the article has had hard wear.19.If a shopkeeper will not give you money you shouldA take a credit note instead. B refuse to leave the shop.C ask your office for advice. D find out your lawful rights.20.The shopkeeper may change an article ifA he gives you your money back. B he thinks

47、 it is unsuitable.C it is the wrong size. D he doesnt like it.Passage One （一）注釋1. manuscript n.手稿, 原稿2. enlighten vt.啟發(fā), 啟蒙, 教導, 授予.知識, 開導3. illustrate vt.舉例說明, 圖解, 加插圖于, 闡明 vi.舉例（二）長難句結構分析1. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making sat

48、isfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.整個句子是狀語從句，主句的it是形式主語，主語是由非謂語動詞引導的一個賓語從句。本句可譯為：如果學生的父親接受建議，父親很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子在數(shù)學方面取得滿意的進步的同時也喜歡干活，這種設想都是意料之中的事。（三）答案解析大意：文章討論教師和家長之間如何共同合作幫助學生完成學習目標。1.B 主旨題。文章第一段指出父母對子女的影響不容忽視；第二段說管理人員知道讓父母了解最新教學方法的必要性；第三段說教師可以啟發(fā)家長相互配合；第四段和第五段舉例具體說明

49、家長該如何配合及其成效；最后指出讓家長好好利用孩子們在家的時間，只有這樣，學校和家長才能使青少年的能力得到全面發(fā)展?？梢娺@篇文章寫的是教師能夠而且也應該幫助家長了解學校教育的目的，并起到促進作用，因此，選項B是正確答案。2. D 推斷題。文章第四段開頭，“比如，假設父親每天晚上幫助上初中的孩子做算術題。經(jīng)過一次友好的面談，老師可以幫助父親將其做父親的天生興趣轉化成卓有成效的方法。”由此可見，父親被誤導的努力可以適當?shù)丶m正。3. C 推斷題。文章第六段第一句說，“然而我們卻常常看到家長會把精力放在報告孩子行為不端、抱怨懶惰及學習習慣不好，以及在家中要實行獎懲?！笨梢?，作者認為家長可以比目前更有成

50、效。4. A 推斷題。文章第四段第三句說，“父親可以讓上初中的孩子參與討論家庭預算，買東西，在家用量尺或量杯，定鬧鐘，旅途中量里程并參與各種以數(shù)學為基礎的活動。”在第五段又指出如果父親按這個建議行事，他很快就會認識到孩子在數(shù)學方面取得了令人滿意的進展。由此可見，作者暗示參與同一課程有關的活動可以提高學生的成績。5. D 態(tài)度題。文章第二段和第三段以及第六段中，分別提到了校長召開的家長會在啟發(fā)父母、激勵孩子方面所起的正面作用和教師家長會的弊端。因此可見，作者贊同校長召開的家長會，而不贊成教師召開的家長會。Passage Two（一）注釋1. acquaintance n.相識, 熟人2. ref

51、lect v.反射, 反映, 表現(xiàn), 反省, 細想3. journalism n.新聞業(yè), 報章雜志 journalistic adj.新聞事業(yè)的, 新聞從業(yè)員的,新聞工作者的4. indicate vt.指出, 顯示, 象征, 預示, 需要, 簡要地說明5. devoted vt. devoted, devoting （與to連用）獻身；專心于6. mass media n.大眾傳播媒體，大眾傳媒, 海量媒體數(shù)據(jù)（二）長難句結構分析1. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the jo

52、urnalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.由that引導的從句是一個定語從句修飾主語fact。本句可譯為：通常關于采訪的文藝作品很少涉及新聞采訪這個事實，讓人從兩個方面感到驚訝。2. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects o

53、f journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context and implications.整個句子由一些插入語分割開，造成了閱讀上的一定難度。其實books，journalism and broadcasting handbooks，reporting texts是一個層次的概念，而“how to”aspects， conceptual aspects，context and implications是另一個層次的概念。本句的主語是books,謂語是stress。本

54、句可譯為：大部分書不包括新聞廣播方面的手冊和報告文章，或者這些書的幾個章節(jié)，把重點放在新聞采訪如何做這些方面，而不是放在新聞采訪的概念方面或放在上下文及其關聯(lián)上。（三）答案解析大意：這是一本書的序言。在新聞采訪領域，許多書都在大談理論，而對具體操作實踐卻閉口不提。6. B 主旨題。文章第一段后半部分提到，在新聞界，如同在其他領域一樣，通過對專業(yè)實踐進行系統(tǒng)的研究可以學到許多東西。這種研究可積累證據(jù)，人們可從中形成廣泛的具有概括性的原理。由此可見，文章第一段的中心思想為應重視對新聞采訪進行系統(tǒng)研究。7. C 細節(jié)題。文章第二段第一句說，“但對新聞采訪本身的研究并未受到重視?！钡诙蔚谒木溆终f，“

55、不幸的是，這些大量的有關采訪的論著幾乎忽視了新聞采訪?！庇纱丝梢?，作為一個特殊領域，新聞采訪被人們忽視了。8. D 細節(jié)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句說，“然而，我們之中很少有人真正地親自受過大眾媒介的采訪，尤其是電視采訪。”由此可見，西方人雖然對新聞采訪很熟悉，但是大多數(shù)人都未被采訪過。9. A 推斷題。文章第二段后半部分說，在臨床采訪中，采訪者，即專業(yè)人士只想得到必要的信息以對尋求幫助的人進行診斷和治療。由此可推斷出在臨床采訪中被采訪者應該是患者。10. D 推斷題。文章最后一句說“正如本書中所陳述的?！庇纱丝赏茢喑鲞@篇文章是一本書的前言。Passage Three（一）注釋1. mount v

56、t. 發(fā)動mount protest意為“發(fā)起抗議”2. commercial or residential development指商用建筑、普通住宅開發(fā)3. give a new impetus to意思是“為注入新的動力”4. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication.受到新的關注的起因是的出版5. aside from意思是“除了以外”6. The post 1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors.本句的意思是

57、“1975年后的動物權利保護者的呼聲比他們的前人更高。”7. picket派出糾察員，在示威期間設置一個或幾個糾察隊8. make their point說服別人贊同自己的觀點7. curtail v.限制9. .marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.這個分句的意思是“引導公眾輿論，強烈要求國家限制在某些地區(qū)狩獵”。press for意為“迫切要求”。10. has become less of a problem意思是“已經(jīng)不成問題”。（二）長難句