《有機化學(下)》教學大綱

1、有機化學(下)課程教學大綱課程代碼：09041040課程類別：大類基礎課程授課對象：強化班 專業(yè)開課學期：春季學 分：3學分指定教材：T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B.Fryhle, Organic Chemistry(第8版影印版),化學工業(yè)出版社，2004。一、教學目的： 有機化學是介紹含碳類化合物-有機化合物化學性質(zhì)的一門科學。有機化合物通常被稱為有機分子，它涵蓋了生活的方方面面，脂肪、糖類、蛋白質(zhì)、核酸都是含碳化合物。有機化學課程的任務是幫助學生全面了解和掌握有機化學的基本知識和有機化學的最新進展，使學生對有機化學這門學科形成一個符合邏輯的、完整的框架體系。

2、課程的第一部分著重于講解有機化學的一般性的概念；第二部分，介紹各種有機官能團類化合物的性質(zhì)及它們之間的相互轉化；第三部分，介紹三種類型的有機酸堿理論；第四部分，在前三章的基礎上介紹一些高等有機化學的概念；第五部分，介紹一些基本的有機化合物結構鑒定的基本知識及復雜的有機化合物分子的逆合成分析。二、課程內(nèi)容Chapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones 1. Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group71616.1Introduction 71716.2Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones 7171

3、6.3Physical Properties 71916.4Synthesis of Aldehydes 72016.5Synthesis of Ketones 72416.6Nucleophilic Additon to the Carbon-Oxygen Double Bond 72816.7The Addition of Alcohols : Hemiacetals and Acetals 73116.8The Addition of Primary and Secondary Amines 73816.9The Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide 74316.10

4、The Addition of Ylides: The Witting Reaction 74516.11The Addition of Organometallic Reagents: The Reformatsky Reaction 74916.12Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones 75116.13Chemical Analyses for Aldehydes and Ketones 73516.14Spectroscopic Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 754Chapter 17 Aldehydes and

5、Ketones 2.Aldol Reactions 76917.1The Acidity of the Hydrogens of Carbonyl Compounds: Enolate Anions 77017.2Keto and Enol Tautomers 77217.3Reactions Via Enols and Enolate Anions 77317.4The Aldol Reaction : The Addition of Enolate Anions to Aldehydes and Ketones 77917.5Crossed Aldol Reactions 78417.6C

6、yclizations via Aldol Condensations 78917.7Lithium Enolates 79117.8-Selenation : A Synthesis of ,-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 79617.9Additions to,-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 797Chapter 18 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon 81318.1Intro

7、duction 81418.2Nomenclature and Physical Properties 81418.3Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 82318.4Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at Acyl Carbon 82618.5Acyl Chlorides 82818.6Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides 83018.7Esters 83218.8Amides 83818.9Derivatives of Carbonic Acid 84618.10Decarboxylation of Carbox

8、ylic Acids 84818.11Chemical Tests for Acyl Compounds 851Chapter 19 Synthesis and Reaction of -Diccrbonyl Compounds: More Chemistry of Enolate ions 87819.1Introduction 87919.2The Claisen Condensation : The Synthesis of -Keto Esters 88019.3The Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis of Methyl Kethones (Substitute

9、d Acetone) 88519.4The Malonic Ester Synthesis : Synthesis of Substituted Acetic Acids 89119.5Further Reactions of Active Hydrogen Compounds 895 19.6Direct Alkylation of Esters and Nitriles 89619.7Alkylation of 1,3-Dithianes 89719.8The Knoevenagel Condensation 89819.9Michael Additions 89819.10The Man

10、nich Reaction 90019.11Synthesis of Enamines : Stork Enamine Reactions 90219.12Barbiturates 907Chapter 20 Amines 94020.1Nomenclature 94120.2Physical Properties and Structure of Amines 94320.3Basicity of Amines :Amine Salt 94520.4Some Biologically Important Amine 95220.5Preparation of Amines 95420.6Re

11、actions of Amines 96220.7Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 96320.8Replacement Reactions of Arenediazonium Salts 96620.9Coupling Reactions of Arenediazonium Salts 96920.10Reactions of Amines with Sulfonly Chlorides 97220.11The Sulfa Drugs : Sulfanilamide 97420.12Analysis of Amines 97720.13 Elimin

12、ations Involving Ammonium 979Chapter 21 Phenols and Aryl Halides : Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 100021.1 Structure and Nomenclature of Phenols 100121.2 Naturally Occurring Phenols 100221.3 Physical Properties of Phenols 100321.4 Synthesis of Phenols 100321.5 Reactions of Phenols as Acids 10082

13、1.6 Other Reactions of the O-H Group of Phenols 101021.7 Cleavage of Alkyl Aryl Ethers 101121.8 Reactions of the Benzene Ring of Phenols 101221.9 The Claisen Rearrangement 101421.10 Quinones 101521.11 Aryl Halides and Nucleopholic Aromatic Substitution 1016 21.12 Spectroscopic Analysis od Phenols an

14、d Aryl Halides 1025Chapter 22 Carbohydrates 107222.1 Introduction 107322.2 Monsaccharides 107622.3 Mutarotation 108122.4 Glycoside Formation 108222.5 Other Reactions of Monosaccharides 108522.6 Oxidation Reactions of Monosaccharides 108822.7 Reduction of Monosaccharides : Alditols 109322.8 Reactions

15、 of Monosaccharides with Phenylhydrazine : Osazone 109422.9 Synthesis and Degradstion of Monosaccharides 109522.10 The D Family of Aldoses 109722.11 Fischers Proof of the Configuration of D-(+)-Glucose 109922.12 Disaccharides 110222.13 Polysaccharides 110722.14 Other Biologically Important Sugars 11

16、1322.15 Sugars that Contain Nitrogen 111422.16 Glycolipids and Glycoproteins of the Cell Surface : Cell Recognition and the Immune System 111622.17 Carbohydrate Antibiotics 1119Chapter 23 Lipids 1129 23.1 Introduction 113023.2 Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols23.3 Terpenes and Terpenoids 131123.4 Ste

17、roids 114323.5 Prostaglandins 115323.6 Phospholipids and Cell Membranes 115423.7 Waxes 1158Chapter 24 Amino Acids and Proteins 116624.1 Introduction 116724.2 Amino Acids 116824.3 Synthesis of - Amino Acids 117324.4 Polypeptides and Proteins 111724.5 Primary Structure of Polypeptides and Proteins 118

18、124.6 Examples of Polypeptide and Protein Primary Structure24.7 Polypeptide and Protein Synthesis 118924.8 Secondary,Tertiary,and Quaternary Structure of Proteins 119524.9 Introduction to Enzymes 120024.10 Lysozyme : Mode of Action of an Enzyme 120224.11 Serine Proteases 120324.12 Hemoglobin : A Con

19、jugated Protein 121024.13 Purification and Analysis of Polypeptides and Proteins 121124.14 Proteomics 1213Chapter 25 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 122025.1 Introduction 122125.2 Nucleotides and Nucleosides and Nucleotides 122525.3 Laboratory Synthesis of Nucleosides and Nucleotides 122525.4 De

20、oxyribonucleic Acid : DNA 122825.5 RNA and Protein Synthesis 123625.6 Determining the Base Sequence of DNA : the Chain Terninating(Dideoxynucleotide Method) 124325.7 Laboratory Synthesis of Oligonucleotides 124725.8 The Polymerase Chain Reaction 124925.9 Sequencing of the Human Genome : An Instruction Book for the Molecules of Life 1251三、各章課時分配表 章序號章內(nèi)容學時數(shù)16Aldehydes and Ketones 1. Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group817Aldehydes and Ketones 2.Aldol Reactions818Carboxylic