高三英語(yǔ)-概要寫作專練

1、第一部分千里之行-題型解讀第一節(jié)題型概述概要寫作是新高考中出現(xiàn)的又一個(gè)新題型，大部分考生都沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)這類題 型。它和讀后續(xù)寫兩種題型會(huì)在不同考次不定期交替使用。比如，浙江省自2017 年使用新高考試題以來(lái),分別于2018年11月和2019年6月兩次使用概要寫作， 試題如下：閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will g

2、ive you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus （校園）like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can als

3、o be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your l

4、ocal area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should fi

5、nd some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are m

6、aking it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors （顧問(wèn) ）,and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant tak

7、e the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)第一部分中的閱讀三步驟（確定文章主題和整體結(jié)構(gòu)、提取主題 句或關(guān)鍵詞和支撐性信息、提煉要點(diǎn)）大膽嘗試“提煉要點(diǎn)”吧！文章主題：文章結(jié)構(gòu)：Para. 1 ：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信

8、息：要點(diǎn)1: Para.2：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)2： Para. 3：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)3： Para.4：“Common People” puts forward the view that though the middle-class person may “want to live like common people， they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.【參考答案】Currently Britain seems to be classless in the consum

9、er society.（要 點(diǎn) 1） However, a study shows the British still have a strong sense of classes which continues to be a crucial part for them.（要點(diǎn) 2） What remains the same is that the accent represents a persons class while peoples attitudes to the accent are related to class prejudice.（要點(diǎn) 3） Nevertheless

10、, nowadays the young upper-middle-class cover up their origins with other accents.（要,點(diǎn) 4）Passages閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。We might think we know which colors do what. The idea that red wakes us up or blue calms us down is deeply rooted in Western culture. But do they really change our behavior in t

11、he ways that we assume?When it comes to scientific research, the results are mixed and at times contested. Some studies have found that people do better on cognitive tasks when faced with red rather than blue or green; others show the opposite. The idea is that if you repeatedly have a particular ex

12、perience surrounded by a certain color, then you eventually begin to associate that color with the way you were feeling or behaving. A school career spent reading your teachers red writing circling your mistakes forever makes you link red with danger. Blue meanwhile is more likely to be associated w

13、ith calmer situations like marveling at a big blue expanse of sky.Of course there will always be exceptions the comment from the teacher saying “well done is also written in red. It is true that people do make different associations with different colors, but whether this translates into behaving in

14、 a certain way or succeeding at a particular task is a different question.In 2009 researchers tried to clarify the situation. They sat their participants at computer screens colored blue, red or “neutral” and tested them on various tasks. With a red screen people did better on tasks requiring attent

15、ion to detail, but when the screen was blue they did better on creative tasks. In practice this might be tricky. In a classroom you might want to think creatively some of the time and pay attention to detail at others.However, when another team tried to repeat the study with a larger group of people

16、 in 2014, the effect of color disappeared. The initial study consisted of just 69 people. In this new, bigger study, of 263 volunteers, background color made no difference.So colors might well have an effect, but so far those effects have been difficult to demonstrate consistently and sometimes dont

17、 seem to exist at all.【參考答案】Deeply affected by western culture, people firmly believe that they have a good command of the influence of the colors. Nevertheless, the consequences of valid study arouse various voices.（要點(diǎn) 1） Of course, whether colors are related to behaviors remains to be discovered,

18、despite the fact that colors may habitually play different roles.（要點(diǎn) 2） Furthermore, a new study in 2014 revealed that background colors made little impact.（要點(diǎn) 3）In a word, now we cant entirely know the effect of colors.（要點(diǎn) 4）Passaged閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Why do people like what they like? Scien

19、tists have taken on the task of solving this mystery（奧秘）for ages. In the 1960s, psychologist Robert Zajonc conducted a series of experiments where he showed peoples nonsense words and random shapes. Afterward, he asked his subjects which they preferred out of everything they had been shown. In study

20、 after study, people always chose the words and shapes they had seen the most. Their preference was for familiarity.This discovery was one of the most important findings in modern psychology. But the preference for familiarity has clear limits. People get tired of even their favorite songs and movie

21、s. On the one hand, humans seek familiarity, because it makes them feel safe. On the other hand, people love the thrill of something new. This change between familiarity and discovery affects us all the time not just our preferences for pictures and songs, but also our preferences for ideas and even

22、 people.For that reason, the power of familiarity seems to be strongest when a person isnt expecting it. The opposite is also true: A surprise seems to work best when it contains some familiarity. Nobody knows this better than Raymond Loews, who is considered to be one of the fathers“ of industrial

23、design. He had a theory that he said could help artists sell anything to anyone. He called it MAYA “Most Advanced. Yet Acceptable “ To sell something surprising, make it familiar； and to sell something familiar, make it surprising J he said.One of Loewys final tasks was to add an element（要素）of famil

24、iarity to a truly new invention: NASAs first space station. Loewys biggest contribution to the space station was that he insisted NASA install a window with a view of Earth. Today, tens of millions of people have seen this small detail in films about astronauts. It is hard to imagine a more perfect

25、example of MAYA: a window to a new world can also show your home.【參考范文】 After years of research, psychologists Robert Zajonc discovered that familiarity accounted for peoples preference.（要,點(diǎn) 1） However, our preference is always affected by the change between familiarity and surprise.（要點(diǎn) 2） Raymond L

26、oewy showed a full understanding of this and created MAYA, a theory helping increase sales.（要,點(diǎn) 3） His design of NASA9s first space station is considered a perfect example of the theory.（要點(diǎn) 4）Passage7閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。A million people will live on Mars within one hundred years. This is the b

27、rave expectation of Elon Musk, the founder of the space technology company Space X. “We need to fully fbcus on becoming a multi-planet civilization. Thats the next step” he said in a recent interview with Aeon. Musk expects to see about 80, 000 people living on Mars by 2040.Its all about protecting

28、the human race from extinction, according to Musk. TheEarth has always been a ticking（滴答作 響的）time bomb. As the sun begins to die, it will grow bigger, becoming what is known as a Red Giant. In 500 million years, the sun will have become large enough to kill any plant and animal life on the Earth, ac

29、cording to US scientist Edward Guinan. In a billion years, the Earth will have become a hot planet with little or no water.The brave dream of getting the human race to Mars is not only Musks; others have made plans, too. A Dutch company set up the Mars One Foundation, hoping to be the first project

30、to put humans on Mars. It received over 200, 000 applications to become part of the first group of astronauts to go there. According to Mars One, human settlement on Mars is possible with existing technologies.Water, food, energy and oxygen are needed for life anywhere. According to Mars One, water

31、that was still in the Martian soil would be boiled and taken out. By using a process called electrolysis，astronauts could turn water into hydrogen and oxygen for breathing. Astronauts on the international space station have already done similar things. Food can also be grown in space. Certain plants

32、 such as lettuces and onions can be grown using LED light for different color spectra（光譜）and much less heat. NASA has been reaching this to prepare for visiting Mars.【參考范文】According to Elon Musk, many people will live on Mars in the near future.（要點(diǎn) 1） By doing so, human beings can avoid being ruined

33、 by the increasingly bigger sun.（要/點(diǎn) 2） Luckily, the dream for human to settle on Mars is made possible.（要點(diǎn) 3） Continuous scientific research has made water, food, energy and oxygen available in space and on Mars.Passages閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。第四部分不欠東風(fēng)詞法句法知識(shí)與訓(xùn)練這部分內(nèi)容根據(jù)頁(yè)碼要求待定。主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)4： 結(jié)構(gòu)解

34、讀：總述本文是一篇議論文，第一段開(kāi)頭即提出了論點(diǎn)“It飛a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply.”，后文接著論述了在申請(qǐng)大學(xué)之前去考察學(xué)校的必要性 you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.既然有必要，所以第二、 三、四段規(guī)勸學(xué)生們無(wú)論有沒(méi)有時(shí)間、財(cái)力允不允許都應(yīng)該想方設(shè)法去考察學(xué)校, 更何況

35、你想申請(qǐng)的大學(xué)就在你們本地呢。所以從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，本文是可分為兩部分: 第一段為第一部分，是總述；第二、三、四段是短文的第二部分。Para.l: Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply主題:to visit schoolsPara.2: visit the schools in your local area.于考吸靴撾Para3: find some time between applying and getting your J acceptance letters to visit the schoolsPara.4

36、: check out the online college fairs段落解讀：Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus （校園）like visiting and seeing for yourself t

37、he dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are makin

38、g a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.主題句：Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply.支撐性信息：do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one 分析與解讀：第一句開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地給出本文主題“申請(qǐng)大學(xué)之前去學(xué)?？纯词莻€(gè)好

39、 的選擇“，之后由because引出原因，第二句也是原因。雖然第三句雖然提到了 去“visit school”的困難和障礙，但“醉翁之意不在酒”，實(shí)際上是引出了第四句， 進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào) 了主題“do all the research”,并給出 了原因 to make sure you are making the right one.本段提煉出的要點(diǎn)為：Its a really good idea to visit colleges and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one before yo

40、u apply.溫馨提示：主題句的因或果為支撐性信息，提煉要點(diǎn)時(shí)要包含進(jìn)來(lái)；若段落中有多個(gè)支撐性信息時(shí)，可提煉出這些信息所要表達(dá)的中心意思作為本 段要點(diǎn)的支撐性信息，或者選最概況的那個(gè)作為支撐性信息。比如這里的“到學(xué) ?？纯吹脑颉?， 就用 了 to make sure you are making the right one.There9s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited camp

41、us, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!主題句：Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. 支撐性信息：a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus 分析與解讀：從本段開(kāi)始就規(guī)勸人們無(wú)論如何得去考查學(xué)校，本段首先說(shuō)“

42、本地 學(xué)校一定要去，接下來(lái)提及原因，作為主題的支撐性信息。本段提煉出的要點(diǎn)：Visit the schools in your local area because a lot of collegeapplications even ask if you have visited campus.溫馨提示：英語(yǔ)思維模式多為直線型演繹法-先表明觀點(diǎn)，再解釋說(shuō)明。因此 段落首句常為主題句，段落中的其他句則多半是支撐句，對(duì)主題句加以解釋、說(shuō) 明、支持、補(bǔ)充等。If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very lea

43、st you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.主題句：If campu

44、s visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend.支撐性信息：It can save you a lot of heartache.分析與解讀：本段陳述“若申請(qǐng)前沒(méi)有時(shí)間去考察學(xué)校的話，就申請(qǐng)后被錄取前 去看一看，這樣做的目的就是“It can save you a lot

45、of heartache.，是主題的支撐 信息。本段提煉出的要點(diǎn)：If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend because it can save you a lot of heartache.Now, if time and money are ma

46、king it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors （顧問(wèn)）,and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant take

47、the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informeddecision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.主題句： Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at C

48、ollegeWeekLive.支撐性信息：it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.分析與解讀：最后這段與上兩段是并列關(guān)系，又給出了考察學(xué)校的一種方式一 網(wǎng)上調(diào)查。后文中的Its a chance to、it wont cost you a penny、it can be a very useful tool

49、”都是陳述的好處，都屬于支撐性信息。本段提煉出的要點(diǎn)： Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to atte

50、nd.Passage!閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think th

51、eyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents, praise has put them.Still, don

52、t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much* Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say th

53、at the quality of praise ismore important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not theoutcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to ac

54、hieve a goal,“ says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. One thing to rememberis that its the process not the end product that matters/9Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playin

55、g hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether histeam wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizingyour child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a bookreport. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case

56、basis and beproportionate（相稱的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)第一部分中的閱讀三步驟（確定文章主題和整體結(jié)構(gòu)、提取主題句或關(guān)鍵詞和支撐性信息、提煉要點(diǎn)）大膽嘗試“提煉要點(diǎn)”吧!文章主題：文章結(jié)構(gòu)：Para. 1 ：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)1: Para.2：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)2： Para. 3：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)3： Para. 4：主題句或關(guān)鍵詞：支撐性信息：要點(diǎn)4： 結(jié)構(gòu)解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主題詞為“parents，praise。第一、二

57、段分別論述了“父母表 揚(yáng)孩子過(guò)多或者過(guò)少都會(huì)帶來(lái)不良的影響”，第三、四段提出了正確的表?yè)P(yáng)方式 -應(yīng)著重質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量，應(yīng)著重表?yè)P(yáng)孩子做事過(guò)程中的努力而非結(jié)果。所以 本文是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，屬于problems-solutions模式。ProblemsPM:表?yè)P(yáng)不蹦危害Para,l:表?yè)P(yáng)過(guò)多的危害PM:魏要贛量德圜鞍力耀果SolutionsPm減髓情頻定,與好柵艇力橢段落解讀Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, s

58、ays, Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a 命w decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincer

59、e, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.主題句： By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.支撐性信息：Too much praise can b

60、ackfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.分析與解讀：第一句首先揭示現(xiàn)狀：父母到處表?yè)P(yáng)孩子，是本段主題句“in fact, it may be just the opposite”發(fā)生的背景；第二句通過(guò)引用其他人的話對(duì)第一句傳達(dá) 的信息表達(dá)了看法；第三句給出了作者的觀點(diǎn)：父母認(rèn)