英美文學(xué)考研講座課件

1、 三種抉擇 考研找工作：找什么工作？ 怎么準(zhǔn)備？考什么專業(yè)？選什么學(xué)校？怎么復(fù)習(xí)？出國深造：怎么準(zhǔn)備？英美文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)；英美文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)考研.一、考研：過索橋：比例：1: 7。1. 考什么專業(yè)及方向？1）英語專業(yè)：A. 怎么確定學(xué)習(xí)方向？根據(jù)興趣、特長而定，語言學(xué)（包括教學(xué)法）、翻譯（口譯、翻譯碩士）、文學(xué)（英美文學(xué)）翻譯：看英漢轉(zhuǎn)換能力。文學(xué)：是否喜歡讀小說、詩歌等。語言學(xué)：2）非英語專業(yè)：法律、政治、行政學(xué)等。聽其他系相關(guān)課程；自學(xué)?？佳?我該報哪個學(xué)校？根據(jù)自己的水平；看是否能駕馭所選學(xué)校試題題型。一流外語專業(yè)的學(xué)校：有博士點(diǎn)的學(xué)校：北大、北師大、清華、人大、北語、南開、復(fù)旦、華東師大、南京

2、大學(xué)、上海交大、蘇州大學(xué)、川大、山東大學(xué)、廈門大學(xué)、福建師大、北外、上外、廣外、大連外院、四川外院、河大。二流外語專業(yè)的學(xué)校：211綜合性院校、重點(diǎn)理科院校（同濟(jì)、東南大學(xué)、北航、首都師大等）。三流學(xué)校：C區(qū)（東北地區(qū)、西南（四川、西安、貴州、云南、廣西及本省的部分學(xué)校）學(xué)校地址也與分?jǐn)?shù)高低有關(guān)：京、滬高，報考人數(shù)集中。3. 怎么復(fù)習(xí)？1. 看報考學(xué)校的參考書目：2. 復(fù)習(xí)步驟：三步走：以文學(xué)為例：1）現(xiàn)在-下年6月，細(xì)致學(xué)習(xí)，總結(jié)出各個文學(xué)時期、各位重要作家及其重要作品的筆記。聽課做筆記，記住課件的要點(diǎn)；讀相關(guān)的參考書：自己的復(fù)習(xí)：與課堂同步，讀相關(guān)文學(xué)史2）7-9月，復(fù)習(xí)筆記上的要點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)

3、，同時，看考研英美文學(xué)試題。3）10-1月，做各種文學(xué)試題，鞏固記憶。3. 復(fù)習(xí)三階段：初、中、后期1）理解階段：（現(xiàn)在-明年6或7月），全面掃蕩2）鞏固階段（8-10月）：難點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)3）強(qiáng)化記憶階段（10-1月）：重點(diǎn)放在記憶上?；A(chǔ)英語、翻譯的做題訓(xùn)練應(yīng)當(dāng)放在次要地位，而應(yīng)當(dāng)記憶政治、文學(xué)、語言學(xué)、二外。應(yīng)當(dāng)上政治考前輔導(dǎo)班。4. 具體措施：（初期階段）1）地毯式掃蕩。（中期階段）2）從點(diǎn)到面。融會貫通，3）“撿渣子”。查缺補(bǔ)漏。（后期階段）4）“翻餅烙餅”。5)要“死”去“活”來。4. 怎么下手復(fù)習(xí)？定計劃學(xué)期計劃、每月計劃、每周計劃。5. 各科的復(fù)習(xí)：1）英美文學(xué)內(nèi)容的復(fù)習(xí)：2）語言學(xué)

4、的學(xué)習(xí)：3） 翻譯的學(xué)習(xí)：4）二外的學(xué)習(xí)：5）政治：每一門專業(yè)課都不能忽視。6復(fù)試時的準(zhǔn)備：專業(yè)知識、口語、形象氣質(zhì)。7.“試試就能行，爭爭就能贏”。 1）態(tài)度：要有勇氣去努力嘗試“想贏” ，不想輸：做最大的努力，做最壞的準(zhǔn)備。2）付諸于行動：需要一種投入精神：身體、好性格、學(xué)習(xí)。二. 英美文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：1. Main writers and their main works:1.1. key factors of their principal works: novels: plot, theme, character analysis, language style：mood, poin

5、t of view, symbolism. poems: literal meanings and figurative meanings, theme, style (meter，rhyme, types of the poem， tone, imagery, symbolism, figures of speech, diction, syntax structure， rhythm) c.Drama: plot, characters, theme, language style d. essays: theme, language style.1.2. principal writer

6、s:literary positions, contributions; traits in writings (main themes; style) Eg. Mark twain: 2. Connecting the historical background， the literary situations they are in, i.e. literary trend of thought. Eg. Twain： 3. Minor writers:the literary school; the era; titles of his important works. Eg. Walt

7、 Scott: Ivanhoe 三. 英美文學(xué)考研復(fù)習(xí)范圍：各校各異：1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)典時期：-WWII.2. 綜合性強(qiáng)：從古到今：Chaucer-1960sWWII之后的重要作家作品：Who are representative writers? What themes do they explore? How about their writing features?四. 復(fù)習(xí)方法及時間安排：分-總（由點(diǎn)到面）：three stages：記筆記：微觀上，學(xué)習(xí)每位作家及其主要作品的特點(diǎn)；宏觀上，記住每個時期的主要作家及其共同特點(diǎn)：1. -8月：系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)單個作家，all the related t

8、extbooks and history of literature. Eg. Hardy; 2. 9-10月：將作家作品放在宏觀語境下復(fù)習(xí)記憶：Eg. Victorian lit.3. 11-12月：弱點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練六. 試題類型及解題方法：1名詞解釋：150-200字左右（4%）北航、天津外院1）文學(xué)術(shù)語A. 文學(xué)流派: 答題思路：1）背景：時間,地點(diǎn),所受影響；2）特點(diǎn)：3）意義；4）代表作家作品例如：Naturalism:a new and harsher realism, coming from Europe. In the last decade of the 19th c,

9、with the development of industry and modern science, people began to see that man was no longer a free ethical being in a cold, indifferent and essentially Godless universe. In this chance world he was both helpless and hopeless. They saw mans life as governed by the two forces of heredity and envir

10、onment, forces absolutely beyond mans control.There are such writers as Thomas Hardy, Theodore Dreiser.B. 文學(xué)現(xiàn)象答題思路：其特點(diǎn)，代表性作家作品；Eg. Free verse (自由詩體）: Is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length; attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; it uses the cadences (rhythmic grouping,

11、韻律) of natural speech. It is Whitman who pioneered the form and made it acceptable in A. poetry. It affected later poets such as E. Pound, T.S. Eliot, W.C.Williams, W. Stevens.2）作家、作品（四川大學(xué)40%）：答題思路：詩人, 小說家，戲劇家: 重要性；代表作；主題; 藝術(shù)風(fēng)格；貢獻(xiàn)；Eg. Wordsworth： Dickens：3）作品 小說： 哪位作家所作；主題；主要人物分析; 藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。Eg：Tess of De

12、bevilles： 1. The character：1）a simple, innocent and faithful country girl； 2）the victim of the modern society； 3）a strong woman；4）She stands up for herself and refuses to crumble under pressure. 5）She chastises （嚴(yán)懲） herself for her weakness after her sexual escapade（越軌） with Alec. 2. themes：The inju

13、stice of existence;Men Dominating Women;真題聯(lián)接：the father of English Poetry （Sichuan Uni. 2003）The writer of The Canterbury Tales （Zhongguo Renda 2002）How to comment on a poem?1.Elements: the genre, the speaker, the subject, the images, the sound, the language.What is the genre of the poem? in terms o

14、f content:Lyrical poems: songs, odes, ballads.Narrative poems: epics, ballads.Dramatic poems: usu. In dialogues; in blank verse. In terms of meter:Metrical poems (格律詩）; Blank verse; Free verse2. Who is the speaker? The point of view?His age, sex, personality, moral and intellectual values.3. Paraphr

15、asing the poem ( the literal and implied meanings).4. What is the subject of the poem? The climaxes, the tone, the setting.5. What is the structure of the poem?Formal structure: the way the poem goes together in terms of its component parts: eg. Sonnet: 4 quatrains and 1 couplet.thematic structure:

16、in modern poems, eg. T.S.Eliot: The Love Song of J.D.Prufrock6. Sound effect: ? Shakespeares Sonnet 184.作品選段分析題： （多考詩歌和散文重要片段）出題形式：給出某個作品的選段，根據(jù)選段回答相應(yīng)的問題，如作者、作品名稱，其主體思想、寫作風(fēng)格、藝術(shù)手法，對某個單詞、短語或句子的理解。思路：對相應(yīng)問題只答要點(diǎn)。對策：熟悉指定教材中的選段。如The Road Not Taken。Please analyze the symbolic meanings of the poem with your u

17、nderstanding of the theme implied in it. 5.簡答題：Give a brief answer to each of the questions below. 6-10分給出某個作家作品，要求對作家所屬的流派、世界觀及其重要作品的分析（人物、寫作風(fēng)格、主題思想等）。多校：南開、上海交大、川大、武漢大學(xué)、浙大、人大等。答題思路：分要點(diǎn)列出答案，并聯(lián)系作品中相關(guān)情節(jié)進(jìn)行闡釋。200-300字，例如，Why did Fitzgerald use “great” to modify the protagonists name Gatsby in the title

18、 of the novel? (Nanjing Uni. 2009, 10%) Why the Gatsby, called “the great”? (Nanjing Uni. 2008 ）a. the title is ironic; b. But he is great-at least in Nicks eyesc. his power to make his dreams come true6. 論述題：思路：列要點(diǎn)，并舉例闡釋；進(jìn)行總結(jié)。南大：根據(jù)理論選擇作品進(jìn)行文學(xué)批評宏觀及細(xì)節(jié)問題，活學(xué)活用。武大：作家作品的對比、比較，Eg. Based on Jane Eyre, Pride

19、 and Prejudice and Tess, discuss the development of Womens awareness of their status in love and marriage (10 points) (Wuhan uni. 2009 20%) Tess：mens attachment；Elizabeth：independent；Jane：equal with menDeveloping from being obedient to men to fighting for their own rights。Prepare for some subjective

20、 factors:a. the research orientation of postgraduate tutors.b. the test papers of the selected school in the former several years. c. the test style of the course of that school. 五. 一些學(xué)校的考試重點(diǎn)：考研英國文學(xué)重點(diǎn)作家Chaucer:what is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales? (Zhongshan Uni)the Canterbury Tal

21、es中的女修道院院長吃飯，Knight南開 univ。2009 Shakespeare:Hamlet：To be or not to be. Beijing Normal Uni 2003 (beihang 2009) Comment on Hamlet. (Xiamen Uni. 2009Sonnet 18 (Wuhan uni. 2008 20%)The Merchant of Venice Portia MacbethKing Lear:the common characteristics of Shakespeares great tragedies? (Xiamen 2008, 10

22、 points,)John Donne:metaphysical conceit: beiwai 2002Death, be not proud (beihang 2008) Charles Lamb：the Shakespeare of the English essay.Defoe: Robinson Crusoe: SignificanceHenry Fielding: Tom Jones (beihang 2010)Swift: A modest Proposal解釋 四川univ。2010 William Blake:The Tyger? (Nanjing Uni. 2009, 10

23、%) Robert Burns:A red red rose: (beihang 2009) William Wordsworth:“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” To the Cuckoo (Wuhan uni. 2009,10%) John Keats “Ode on a Grecian Urn” discuss the main features of the Romantic poetry (Wuhan uni. 2008 20%)Shelly: Ode to the West Wind (Nanjing Uni. 2008) Jane Austen: P

24、ride and Prejudice: Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre Xiamen Uni.2009 Emily BronteWuthering Heights 20% 四川univ。2010Charles Dickens:Oliver Twist: Renmin Uni. 2007Great ExpectationsHardy: Tess. (Xiamen Uni. 2010； Jude. (Xiamen Uni. 2010, W.B.YeatsD.H.Lawrence：The Rocking-horse Winner? (Nanjing Uni. 2008)Comm

25、ent on Lawrence 20% (Zhejiang Uni. 2008） Virginia WoolfMrs Dalloway 中的片段 (Zhejiang Uni. 2008 James JoyceAraby； the characteristics and social influence of James Joyces works. (Xiamen 2007, 10 points)George Bernard Shaw Widowers Houses (beihang 2010)Mrs. Warrens Profession and Shaws social criticism

26、through this play. (wuhan uni. 2010, 20 %)Comment on Shaw (Zhejiang Uni. 2007 Major Barbara: 20% (Sichuan uni. 2010 PYGMALION. Tianjin waiyuan univ。Dorris Lessing:“A Woman on a Roof” (Nanjing Uni. 2008, 10%) Zhejiang Uni. 2007Ted Hughes “Hawk Roosting”.考研美國文學(xué)作家考點(diǎn)Washington Irving The Legend of Sleep

27、y Hollow:Cooper The leather Stocking Tales 四川大學(xué)2009 Allan Poe: The fall of the house of Usher: (beihang 2010) “The Cask of Amontillado”. (Xiamen Uni. 2009The Raven （Renmin Uni. 2007）Emerson Self-reliance Nature 選段 南開 uni. 2009 Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter (Zhejiang Uni. 2008; Tianjin waiyuan univ,

28、2007; Nanjing uni.2008 ) Young Goodman Brown (beihang 2009) Melville: Moby Dick 四川univ。2010Whitman: Leaves of Grass （Nankai univ。2010Emily Dickensonimages. “because I could not stop for death” Tianjin waiyuan univ。2008 Mark TwainThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (Dlian waiyuan univ。2007 Comment on

29、 Twain 20% (Zhejiang Uni. 2008)Stephen Crane:The Red Badge of Courage ，Sichuan uni. 2010Dreiser:Sister Carrie Renmin Uni. 2007T. S. Eliot:The love song of J.A.Prufrock (beihang 2008)The Waste Land: Tianjin waiyuan univ。2007 Ezra Pound:In a station of the metro: Beihang 2009)Fitzgerald: Chap3 quotati

30、on Why did Fitzgerald use “great” to modify the protagonists name Gatsby in the title of the novel? (Nanjing Uni. 2009, 10%) Why the Gatsby, called “the great”? (Nanjing Uni. 2008) Comment on Nick. (Xiamen Uni. 2009Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms (Nanjing Uni. 2008) ；“Iceberg Theory”William Faulkner：

31、American southern literature. A Rose for Emily （Tianjin waiyuan univ。2009 ）；The Sound and The Fury （Tianjin waiyuan univ。2007）Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar南開 univ。2008 Robert Frost : the Road Not Taken南開 univ。2007 Stopping on Woods J.D.Salinger: Cather in the Rye (Xiamen Uni. 2010Josepher Heller: Black humor (beihang 2009) Catch-22南開 univ。2010 Tennessee Williams A streetcar Names Desire (beihang 2009) The Glass Menagerie Tianjin waiyuan univ。2008 Arthur Miller: Death of a Salesman: (beihang 2010) GinsbergTake the poem A Supermarket in California as an exam