貢獻(xiàn)撞擊和物種滅絕milankovitch周期冰川時(shí)代加場(chǎng)整套重復(fù)詞句

1、Impacts and Mass ExtinctionsWords & Phrases1.Meteorites and impact craters bear witness to the factt large i pactsoccaally occur on Earth.Meteorite：n. 隕石impact craters：撞擊形成的隕石坑 crater：n. 隕石坑bear witness to：作證，impactor roughly 50 meters across：直徑大約 50 米的撞擊物across：某物的寬，直徑=diameter radius: n. 半徑a major

2、 impact coincided with the death of the dinosaurs：一個(gè)大的撞擊和恐龍2.3.的恰巧同時(shí)發(fā)生coincide with: 與恰巧同時(shí)發(fā)生instantly melt bedrock and propel it far from its origin：立即熔化基底巖石并且推出基底巖石遠(yuǎn)離它的最初位置bedrock：n. 基底巖石propel：v. 向前推出far from its origin：遠(yuǎn)離它的最初位置 wiped out：被一掃而空，ignited wildfires：點(diǎn)燃野火effects propagated throughout t

3、he food chain：影響蔓延下去貫穿整個(gè)食物鏈 propagate: v. 原義是“繁殖”，引申為“擴(kuò)展蔓延”=spread表示繁殖的詞總結(jié)如下：Propagate=proliferate=reproduce=multiplythe most astonishing fact：最令人吃驚的事實(shí) rodent-like mammals：像嚙齒類的哺乳動(dòng)物they lived in underground burrows and managed to store enough food to outlast the long spell of cold, dark days.

4、8.9.10.underground burrows：的outlast：v. 比時(shí)間持續(xù)的久spell: n. 一段時(shí)間Syntax1.Although the crater is only slightly moren one kilometer across, an areacoveringejecdreds of square kilometers was probably battered by the blast andhe debris ejected or displaced during the formation of an impact crater.名詞后面+ng，ng

5、是對(duì)名詞的修飾所以，“an area coveringdreds of square kilometers”的意思是：覆蓋著成百上千平方千米的一個(gè)區(qū)域Batter：v. 連續(xù)猛擊Blast：n. ejecta：n. 噴出物debris：n. 碎屑?xì)埡?.After a decade-long search, scientists identified what appears to be the impactcrater from the event.What 引出的整句話做 identify 的賓語(yǔ)，what 任何情況下翻譯成“什么”即可impact crater：撞擊坑3.Located

6、off the coast of Mexicos Yucatan peninsula, it is 200 kilometers across,which is close to what to 65 million years ago.ould expect for a 10-kilometer impactor, and dates1）主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)前的所有東西都是對(duì)主語(yǔ)的鋪墊修飾，所以“Located off”是對(duì)后文 it 的鋪墊修飾；2）What 引出的整句話做 close to 的賓語(yǔ)，what 任何情況下翻譯成 “什么”即可；3）one 做主語(yǔ)指“任何一個(gè)人”，以“任何一個(gè)人”代替整體

7、；4） and dates 并列對(duì)象的尋找，應(yīng)該是和前面的第三人稱單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列，所以和前文的“is 200”并列，指的仍是主語(yǔ) it “dates to 65 million years ago”4.Further evidencet the Yucatan crater is the right one comes from thedistribution of small glassy spheressolidified as it rained back to Earth.t formed when the molten impact ejecta主謂分離，comes from 動(dòng)

8、作的發(fā)出者（主語(yǔ)）在很遠(yuǎn)的句子開(kāi)頭glassy spheres：玻璃球molten impact ejecta：融化的撞擊噴射物 solidified：v. 變成固體，5.The impact almost immediay sent a shower of debris raining across much ofNorth and South America and generated huge wavest may have sloshedmoren 1,000 kilometers inland.“and generated” 并列對(duì)象的尋找，應(yīng)該是和謂語(yǔ)-ed 并列，所以找到前文的

9、sent，這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者都是主語(yǔ) the impact整句話意為：這次撞擊幾乎立即發(fā)射出一片碎屑雨，降落覆蓋大片的和南美地區(qū)，并且這次撞擊還產(chǎn)生巨大的沖擊波(waves)，這個(gè)沖擊波向內(nèi)陸地區(qū)潑濺了超過(guò) 1000千米的距離。shower of debris: 碎屑雨Slosh：v. 濺，潑Inland：adv. 向內(nèi)地地；n. 內(nèi)地Milovitch Cycles and GlationWords & PhrasesGlations: n. 冰川形成，冰川作用；冰川期 In geology, glation is the pro1.sby which the land is covered

10、 by glaciers. Glahappens.tions are periods when thisGlacier: n. 冰川（陸地上的大塊冰體，達(dá)到一定厚度后緩慢滑動(dòng)）Iceberg：n. 冰山（是冰川墜入海中形成）elaborated the theory with calculations：用計(jì)算詳細(xì)發(fā)展了該理論 elaborate：v. 精心制作;詳細(xì)計(jì)劃;進(jìn)一步完善If you elaborate a plan or theory, you develop it by making it more complicated and more effective2.3.The in

11、clination, or tilt, of Earths axis also varies periodically, moving betn 22degrees and 24.5 degrees. Inclination：n. 傾向性；傾角 Tilt：v. 傾斜；n. 傾斜度，傾角 Earths axis：地軸Also, Earth wobbles as it spins, like a slightly unsteady top.4.Wobble：v. 搖擺;搖晃 If something or someobbles, they make smallmovements from side

12、 to side, for exUnsteady: adj. 不穩(wěn)定的=unstableecause they are unsteadyhow evenly or unevenly this radiation is distributed over the course of a year：一年當(dāng)中這種輻射被多大程度均勻還是不均勻地分布evenly or unevenly：均勻還是不均勻地 distribute: v. 分布區(qū)別：contribute：v. 貢獻(xiàn)于；attribute: v. 歸因于（to）5.6.A correspondence betn Milovitch cycles

13、and climate fluctuationsM 周期和氣候變化之間的對(duì)應(yīng)相符 Correspondence：n. 對(duì)應(yīng)，相符，關(guān)聯(lián) climate fluctuations：氣候變化波動(dòng)聯(lián)想：flutter：v. 鳥(niǎo)上下扇動(dòng)翅膀arise from: 來(lái)自于= stem from=result from=spring from7.8.l epochs wifixed regularity：伴隨有固定規(guī)律性的冰川glaepoch：n.，時(shí)代fixed：adj. 固定的account for the ice ages：解釋冰川時(shí)代 account for = explain （考過(guò)詞匯題）9.

14、Suns luminosity：Luminosity: n. 光亮度的光亮度10.Lumin：n. 流明，光亮Illuminate：v. 照亮，闡明，說(shuō)明shield Earth from the Suns rays：遮擋地球不能收到 shield: n. 盾牌；v. 遮擋shieldfrom: 遮擋使不能ray: n. 光束，光線eg. cosmic rays 宇宙射線; X-ray：X 射線的射線11.12.Recent studies of the carbon dioxide content of gas bubbles pin theGreenland ice capn fact s

15、howt high carbon dioxide levels are assotedwith warm erglal periods, and low levels with cold glagas bubbles: 氣泡ice cap：冰蓋are assoted with：和有關(guān)l periodserglal periods：間冰期Syntax1.One characteristic of Earths orbit is its eccentricity, the degree to which the orbitis an ellipse rathern a circle.介詞+whic

16、h， which 指代介詞前面的名詞，對(duì)該名詞作展開(kāi)修飾 Eccentricity：n. 離心率（ec-+centri+city，即遠(yuǎn)離中心的意思） Ellipse：n. 橢圓區(qū)別：eclipse：n.日/月食；v. 黯然失色2.The tilt of Earths axis, toward the Sun at some times of the year and away fromthe Sun at other times, is responsible for the annual cycle of seasons.主語(yǔ)之后加逗號(hào)，是對(duì)主語(yǔ)的解釋，后面必有另一逗號(hào)，標(biāo)志著解釋的結(jié)束，然

17、后返回句子主干繼續(xù)閱讀整句話意思為：地軸的傾角，（一年當(dāng)中有些時(shí)間朝向并且有些時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)離），對(duì)季節(jié)的年周期變化負(fù)責(zé)。is responsible for：對(duì)負(fù)責(zé) annual：adj. 每年的3.According to the Milovitch theory, about every 40,000 years the threeseparate cycles combine in such a wayt the difference betn summer andwer temperatures is at a minimum.固定搭配的識(shí)別，so/sucht 如此以致于Separate:

18、adj. 分別的，各自的=respective Combine：v. 結(jié)合at a minimum：處于最小值4.Milovitch worked out the ideas of climatic cycleshe 1920s and 1930s, butit was not until the 1970st a detailed chronology of the Pleistocenetemperature changes was determinedtheory.t could test the predictions of thist 修飾對(duì)象的確定，此處t 跳過(guò)謂語(yǔ)向前指代“a detailed chronology”,因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)部分是子chronology：n. 編年語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞 determine 只和主語(yǔ)有關(guān)而不能向下延伸句代表A chronology is an account or record of thetimes and the order in which a series of past e