2013年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試衛(wèi)生類(lèi)級(jí)試題及答案

1、2013 年英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)B 級(jí)試題及第 1 部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第 1-15 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有 1 個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定 1 個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1. Rumors began to circulate about his finanl problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread2. The contract betn the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. startC. endD. resume3. I have little inform

2、ation as regards her fitness for thet.A. aboutB. atC. withD. from4. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A. worriedB. offensiveC. sleepyD. anxious5. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A. taughtB. keptC. changedD. attracted6. As a politin, he knows how to manipulate public opin

3、ion.A. expressB. divideC. voiceD. influence7. These animals migrate sounnually in search of food.A. exploreB. travelC. inhabitD. prefer8. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. generalB. inflexibleC. complexD. direct9. There was something peculiarhe way he s.A. differentB. strangeC. wr

4、ongD. funny10. Come out, or Ill bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. beatD. break11. Thewill need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. cautiousB. nakedC. blindD. private12. She came across three children sleng under a bridge.A. passed byC. woke upB. took a notice ofD. found by chance13. Make sur

5、e the table is securely anchored.A. repairedB. clearedC. fixedD. booked14. He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.A. withholdB. understandC. exchangeD. contact15. It seemed incrediblet he had been there ak already.A. rightB. obviousC. unclearD. unbevable第 2 部分：閱讀判斷（第 16-22 題，每題 1 分，共 7

6、 分）Promising Results from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine () has shown promising resultshe fight againstg cancer. In asmall Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA, curedg cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the dis

7、ease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients sufferingfromg cancer were involvedhese trials. Ten of these patients werehe early stages and thirty-threehe advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every twoks for t

8、hree months,and were carefully monitored for three years.hree of the patientshe advanced stages of cancer, thedisease disappeared andhe others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no greatdifference was seenhe patientshe early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the pa

9、tients own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and isinjectedo the arm or leg. It stimulates the bodys immune system, which then recognizest the cancercells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great ho

10、pe for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.16. The vaccine cured all the participantshe trial.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Over forty people participatedhe study.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Patientshe early s

11、tages of the disease recovered more quicklyhe trial.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. All the patients were from Dallas.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The vaccine activates the immune system.A. RightB. WrongC

12、. Not mentioned22. The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意與完成句子（第 23-30 題，每題 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有 2 項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第 2326 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇 1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第 2730 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。anic Food: Why?1. Europe is now the biggest market forthe pas

13、t 10 years. So what is the attraction ofanic foodhe world, expanding by 25 percent a year overanic food for some people? The really important thing istanic sounds more “natural”. Eatinganic is a way of defining olf as natural, good, caring,different from the junk-food-eating masses.2. Unlike convent

14、ional farming, the man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniqueanic approach means farming with natural rathernch as crop roion improve soil quality and helpanicanic is,farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production,however, inefficient in its use of labo

15、ur and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artifil fertiliser are tiny compared with the amount ofcarbon dioxide emitted by transporting food.3.anic farming is often claimed to be safern conventional farming. Yet studiesoanicf

16、arming worldwide continue to reject thi. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agencyfoundt there was no sistically significant difference betnanic and conventional crops. Evenwhere results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no signwould have any noticeable effe

17、ct on healtht these differen4. The simplistic claimtanic food is more nutritiousn conventional food was always likely tobe misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of so

18、il it is grown in, the amount ofsunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do withwhether it was fertilised with manure or something out of a plastic sackhow long ago it was dug up.n with the variety of carrot and5. The notiontanic food is safern

19、“normal” food is also contradicted by the factt many of t the moret is true:our most common foods are full of natural toxins. As one research expert says: “People thinknatural something is, the better it is for them.t is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opitethe closer a plant is to its natur

20、al se, the more likely it ist it will poison you. Naturally many plants donot want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years develofrom crops.”agriculture and breeding ourmful traits23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 27. Techniques ofanic farming help.28. There is no co

21、nvincing evidence to .29. The weather conditions during the growth of crops .30. The closer a plant is to its natural se, the lesitable it is to.第 4 部分：閱讀理解（第 31-45 題，每題 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定 1 個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇“t Drink Alone” Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pub

22、s, a European research group has foundt people drinkingalcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neckn do thosetaking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500patients from four cancer studies and

23、another 3, 500 adults who had never had cancer.After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they foundt individuals whoaffect their nutritional contentpoison youimprove soil qualitybe eatenshowtanic crops are safern conventional onesbe spelly trainedFactorst affect food health

24、 valueMain reason for the popularity ofanic foodTesting the taste ofanic foodResearcho whetheranic food is betterNesity to remove hidden dangers from foodDescription ofanic farmingdowned a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals facedeast a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer inthe oral, pha

25、rynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who dronly at meals. Consumingalcohol without food also increased byeast 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. “Roughly 95percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study voteers,” Dal Maso says.The discouraging

26、 news, hithe sites.reports, ist drinking with meals didniminate cancer risk at any ofFor their newysis, the European scientists divided peoplehe studyo four groups, basehow many drinks they reported having in aagek. The lowest-ake group included people whoaveraged up to 20 drinks ak. The highest gro

27、up reported downingeast 56 servings of alcoholklyfor an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people inthe lowest-consumption group, participants wh

28、o dr21 to 34 alcohol servings ak at least doubledtheir cancer risk for all sites othern the larynx. If peoplehese consumption groups took some of thosedrinks outside meals, thoseesophageal cancers.he higher consumption groupeast quadrupled their risk for oralandPeople in the highest-consumption grou

29、p who dronly with meals had 10 times the risk of oralcancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared withthose who averaged 20 or fewer drinks ak with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in thehigh-ake, with-meals-only group was only triplethe

30、 low-ake consumers who drwith meals.“Alcohol can inflame ties. Over time,tinflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. Hest food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract ties or by scrubbingalcohol off those ties. He speculatest the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically

31、 lower for all studyparticipants trato the ties lower exure to alcohol.31. Who are more likely to develop cancerhe mound neck?People who drink alcohol at meals.People who never drink alcohol.People who drink alcohol outside of meals.People who drink alcohol at bars and pubs.32. Which of the followin

32、g is NOT the research finding about “drinking with meals”?It lowers cancer risk compared with drinking without food.It may be a cause of cancer.C. It does noiminate cancer risk at any of the sites.D. It increases by 20 percent the risk of cancer in all the four sites.33. How many drinks do the lowes

33、t-ake group average perk?A. 21.B. 20.C. 34.D. 56.34. Which of the four cancers has the lowest risk?A. Oral cancer.C. Pharyngeal cancer.B. Laryngeal cancer.D. Esophageal cancer.35. According to the last paragraph, ties lower exure to alcoholA. reduthe risk of laryngeal cancer.explains why inflammatio

34、n triggers cancer.accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tiis the reason why food can scrub alcohol off ties.es.第二篇 The Worlds Best-Selling MedicineSince ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree containssalicylic acid (水楊酸). This stops pain, but

35、 there is one problem. Salicylic acid alrts the stomach. In1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willowt did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixturewas difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. H

36、e tried it himselfand then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His fathers pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who testedthe drug and foundt it worked well. Bay

37、er decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put theBayer name on every pill.Aspirin was an immediate sucs. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a trueneed. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective, it also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.At, Bayer so

38、ld the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the companystarted to sell aspirin in drugstores.he United Ses, Bayer had a patent on the drug. Other companiescould make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin inthe Unit

39、ed Ses. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United Ses. Othercompanies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years,it was the market leader.By the 1950s, neinkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to trea

40、t pain andreduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However,he 1970s they got asurprise. Doctors noticedt patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heartacksn otheople. ABritish researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heartacks. In 1982, h

41、ewon the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started tol some of their patients to take aspirin every dayto prevent heartacks. Is made life better for the many people who take it. Is also made a lot ofmoney for companies like Bayert produce and sell it!36. Why didnt the French scientist continue t

42、o make the medicinet stopped pain?It didnt work well.It hurt the stomach.It was hard to make.It was not cost-effective.37. Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?A. His company told him to dot.He wanted to make a lot of money.His father was in pain.He suffered from headache.38. Bayer starte

43、d making aspirin becauseA. it helped prevent heartacks.B. other companies were making it.C. the manager was a scientist.D. it worked well in stoppain.39. Bayer aspirin wasA. the only drug with the name “aspirin”.B. theaspirin soldhe United Ses.C. not sold in drugstores in 1915.D. not easy to find in

44、 drugstores.40. Whas happened to aspirin since neinkillers came on the market?A. Companies have stopped selling it.B. Ise the best-selling painkiller.C. Its new use has been discovered.D. Doctors have sold it to patients.第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey BadgersOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Des

45、ert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow thebadgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behaviour as discreetly(謹(jǐn)慎地) assible, without frightening t

46、hem away or causing them to change their natural behaviour.They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animalsrepuion, this was somethingt even Khama was reluctant to do.“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, espelly w

47、hen they seesomething new,” he says. “t, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. Ifthey sense you have food, for exle, they wont be shy abooming right up to you for something to eat.Theyre actually quite soble creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might

48、 be in danger,they cane extremely vicious (兇惡的). Fortunay this is rare, but it does happen.”The research confirmed many thingst were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate anycreatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonouakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, werenot safe from th

49、em. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animals fondness for local melons,probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thoughtt the animal got all of itsliquid requirements from its prey (獵物). The team also learntt, contrary to previous research findings,the badge

50、rs occaally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results fromprevious research, including the factt femaadgers never solized with each other.Following some of the maadgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distanin a shortspace of time. Someting territories co

51、ver moren 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy toshare these territories with other males, there are occaal fights over an important food source, and malebadgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of p

52、eople, it gave the team the chance to get upclose to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity or their sudden aggres. Thebadgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observemore closely some of the other creaturest form working ass

53、otions with the honey badger, as theseseems to adopt the badgers relaxed attitude when near humans.41. Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?To observe how honey badgers behave.To find where honey badgers live.To catch some honey badgers for food.To find out why honey badgers have a

54、 bad repuion.42. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?A. They showeresthings they are not familiar with.B. They are always looking for food.C. Theyot enjoy human company.D. It is common for them to attack people.43. What did the team find out about honey badgers?There were some creatures th

55、ey did not eat.They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.They were afraid of poisonous creatures.D. Femaadgers did not mix with maadgers.44. Which of the following is a typical feature of maadgers?A. Theyt run very quickly.B. They defend their territory from other badgers.C. Theyt over a

56、 very large area.D. They are more aggressiven females45. Whappened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?A. They losterest in people.They became less aggressive towards other creatures.They started eating more.Other animals started working with them.第 5 部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第 46-50 題，每題 2 分，共 10 分）下面

57、的短文有 5 處空白，短文后有 6 個(gè)句子，其中 5 個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。The Tough Grasst Stens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild grasst grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofingtheir houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose andwas chewefo

58、r its st taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commerl plant, grownthroughout the world. 46.Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable. 47. Many cropswithere

59、d and died, despite growers attempts to save them, and there were fearswould continue to deteriorate.t the health of the planthe 1960s, scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commerl species strongerand more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixi

60、ng genes from the wildspecies of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commerl type.48. Thigar cane is not yet ready to be sold commerlly, but when this happens, it isexpected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.49. Brazil, which produone quarter of the w