英語謂語動(dòng)詞詳細(xì)講解7教學(xué)課件

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞gerund不定式infinitive分詞participle非謂語動(dòng)詞1性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂語以外一切成分。 主語 定語 賓語 表語 狀語賓語補(bǔ) 足語不定式 過去分詞 v-ing 形式 A 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語1 動(dòng)詞-ing形式可直接置于句首作主語。 Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。2 為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句末。It is no use crying ove

2、r spilt milk.作無益的后悔是沒有用的。 Its a waste of time arguing about it. 爭論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。必背動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語的幾個(gè)常用句型。Its no good talking to him. 和他談話是沒有用的。It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.給他打電話沒用。他不愿意來。Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。There is no saying when it will stop raining. 無法斷定這場雨什么時(shí)候會(huì)停

3、。There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。 B 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語1 表示主語的內(nèi)容Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。2 表示主語具有的特征The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令困惑。1. Her work is _( look )after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University.3. One of my bad

4、 habit is _(bite ) nails（指甲）. C 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式既可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。1 能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞可分兩類，一類是只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，另一類是既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語。只能用-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(這類動(dòng)詞只能用-ing形式作賓語，不能用不定式作賓語。)Fancy meeting you here!想不到在這兒見到你了！I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。必背只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式而不接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：a

5、dmit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推遲 keep 保持 consider 考慮delay 耽擱 dislike 嫌惡 resist抵制mention 提及 enjoy 喜歡 escape 避免excuse 原諒 practice 練習(xí) mind介意fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成risk 冒險(xiǎn) include 包括 forgive 原諒give up 放棄 suggest 建議 miss 逃過 imagine 設(shè)想 cannot help 情不自禁 1.He was in low spirits and even cons

6、ider _(go ) away.2.Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(bite) your nails!6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden.7.You

7、certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.12.They all suggested _( give ) more

8、 chances.13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood). 既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語有些動(dòng)詞，如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式區(qū)別不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian

9、. 他們更喜歡在大連度暑假。I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想買一本英漢詞典。提示應(yīng)盡量避免接連出現(xiàn)兩上動(dòng)詞-ing形式。I am starting to learn Russian. 我開始學(xué)俄語。避免說：I am starting learning Russian. 我開始學(xué)俄語。有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有所不同。有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有所不同。come to do表示一個(gè)漸漸發(fā)展的過程 I hope we shall be friends and come

10、to understand one another.我希望我們會(huì)成為朋友并互相了解come doing表示陪襯性的動(dòng)作It was already two oclock when she came hurrying in. 她急急忙忙跑進(jìn)來時(shí)已經(jīng)兩點(diǎn)了。go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. 做完練習(xí)以后，我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)下一單元的單詞。go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事。Though it was raining h

11、eavily, they went on working, 盡管天下著大雨，他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)工作。mean to do想要做某事I didnt mean to hurt you. 我并不想要傷害你。 mean doing意味著要有一個(gè)結(jié)果Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這班車就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。 regret to do對即將要做的事表示遺憾I regret to say I must leave tomorrow. 很遺憾，我明天必須離開了。 regret doing對所做的事感到后悔I regret not having

12、 told her earlier.沒能更早地告訴她，我很后悔。remember to do 講的是將來的事，表示“不要忘記”Remember to lock the door when you leave. 離開時(shí)記得要鎖門。 remember doing 講的是過去的事，表示“記起來”I remember posting that letter. 我記得寄了那封信。forget to do忘記要做某事She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service. 她幾乎忘記給行李搬運(yùn)工付小費(fèi)。 forget doing忘記以前曾做過的

13、事Ill never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了和我小學(xué)校長初次見面的情景。 stop to do停止原來做的事，開始做另一件事While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的時(shí)候，他不時(shí)停下來和湯姆談話。 stop doing停止正在做的事When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils stopped talking. 教師走進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候，小學(xué)生們停止了說話。try to d

14、o設(shè)法做某事I must try to get everything ready before he arrives. 在他到來之前，我必須盡力把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。 try doing試驗(yàn)做某事Would you please try doing that again? 請你再試一次好嗎？need, require, want作“需要”解時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式，意義上并無差別，但用動(dòng)詞-ing形式比較普通。Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected.你的作文需要修改。His coat wants clean

15、ing/to be cleaned.他的外套需要洗了。The old woman requires looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.這個(gè)老大娘需要細(xì)心地照料。2 作介詞賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞賓語大都和一些固定搭配有關(guān)。 D 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1 動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語，和一個(gè)名詞或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。 We heard t

16、he children shouting upstairs.我們聽見孩子們在樓上叫喊。 I felt my heart beating violently.我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)。2 動(dòng)詞-ing形式和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別。在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作的全過程結(jié)束了。 He saw a girl getting on the bus.他看見一個(gè)女孩在上公共汽車。 He saw a gi

17、rl get on the bus and drive off.他看見一個(gè)女孩上公共汽車后開走了。3 動(dòng)詞-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示致使的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.他們不應(yīng)該不讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。We kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。點(diǎn)津

18、坊如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是一系列的動(dòng)作，通常只能用不定式來表示，不用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。I saw him enter the room sit down and light a cigarette.我看見他走進(jìn)房間，坐了下來，點(diǎn)燃了一根香煙。 E 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a reading room= a room which is used for reading 閱覽室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method=a method of working

19、工作方法必背a drawing board 畫板 a sewing machine 縫紉機(jī)a swimming pool游泳池 a waiting room 候車室a dining car 餐車 a driving permit 駕駛許可證a singing competition歌詠比賽 a walking stick手杖 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家an ordinary-looking h

20、ouse = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困擾人的問題必背a barking dog狂吠的狗 a disappointing play令人失望的戲劇an astonishing adventure驚人的冒險(xiǎn)a sleeping baby 熟睡的嬰兒 boiling water正在沸騰的水failing sight 逐漸衰退的視力 the setting sun落日the coming week下一周 F 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式可

21、以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。(= After we have made full preparations.)2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，

22、他昨天沒有上學(xué)。(= Since he was ill.) 不定式1不定式作主語：1) change the following into the infinitive1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing.2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.3. _( help ) others is our duty.4. _( see ) is to believe.2) change the sentences above into the ones using “it” as informal.3)A: 如

23、果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由for 引起的短語。It is easy for the students to read.It will be a mistake for us to help you.在It is + 形容詞 + of sb + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naught

24、y等。在“It is + 形容詞 + for sb + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞通常表示事物的性質(zhì)，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。比較It is good of you to help me with my English.你真好，幫助我學(xué)英語。(強(qiáng)調(diào)you的特征=You are good to help me.)It is good for you to give up smoking.戒煙對你有好處。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是give up smoking這一行為= For you to g

25、ive up smoking is good.) It is + 形容詞 + for / of sb + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)2不定式作表語 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem. 3不定式作賓語： 有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動(dòng)詞有： want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manag

26、e, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, prefer, intend, etc. 比較一般說來，動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或抽象性的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)。而動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作往往是具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作。Smoking is forbidden here.這里禁止吸煙。(泛指)Its not good for you to smoke so much.吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。(具體)They prefer staying indoors w

27、hen the weather is cold.天冷時(shí)他們喜歡呆在室內(nèi)。(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?今晚你想待在家里嗎？(具體)I like singing ,but I dont like to sing this night . 4.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 A)1. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3. The school ordered all the classroom

28、s _( clean ). 4. My parents expect me _( go )to an ideal university. 5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned. 6. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. He determined me_( tell ) everything.不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞名代詞之后，與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或修飾關(guān)系。1 主謂關(guān)系

29、The future to greet us will be bright.我們的未來會(huì)十分美好的。 The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列到站的火車是從紐約開來的。2 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.星期天，他總是有許多信要寫。 He can find no one to make friends with.他找不到可交朋友的人。3 同位關(guān)系We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我

30、們學(xué)生應(yīng)該有勇氣面對任何困難。 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語不定式作狀語可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。1 表示目的Im saving up to buy a computer.我在存錢買電腦。點(diǎn)津坊有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用in order (not) to do, 和so as (not) to do結(jié)構(gòu) (so as to do不可以置于句首)。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.為了引起注意，他又嚷嚷又揮手。Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it。我要

31、把他的電話號(hào)碼記下來，以防忘記 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語2 表示結(jié)果He got to the station only to find the train had gone.他趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。必背 ： 不定式表示結(jié)果常見于下列句型 1)so.as to doWould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 把你的自行車借給我好嗎？2)such.as to doWe are not such fools as to believe him. 我們還沒蠢到會(huì)相信他的地步。3)enough to doHe didnt run fast enou

32、gh to catch the train. 他跑得不夠快，沒趕上火車。4)only to doHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石頭砸自己的腳。5)too.to doHis eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 他的視力太差了，看不清這么小的字?！癰e + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常有以下兩種情況： 1表示命令和指示The room is to be locked.這房間要上鎖。 2表示計(jì)劃或安排We are to begin the work ne

33、xt month.我們下月開始這項(xiàng)工作。比較be to do表示計(jì)劃和安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Another new railway is to be built in my hometown next year.明年我家鄉(xiāng)又要修建一條鐵路了。be about to do表示最近即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back. 經(jīng)理正要離開時(shí)，他的秘書叫住了他。 be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式有一些不定式短語可以作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，也可被稱為插入語。To be h

34、onest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest.說老實(shí)話，我們不能確保在森林里能找到那個(gè)女孩。 He is very honest, to begin with.首先，他很誠實(shí)。必背to tell you the truth 說老實(shí)話 to begin with 首先 to say nothing of 姑且不說 so to speak 可以這么說 to be sure 誠然，固然 to be exact 精確地說to do him justice 說句對他公道的話to make a long story short 長話短說to b

35、e frank 坦率地說 to be brief 簡言之to conclude 總而言之 用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義的不定式1 不定式做后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又與該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。Do you have anything to say on this question?針對這個(gè)問題，你有什么要說的嗎？2 不定式作形容詞的賓語，與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。The book is difficult to understand.這本書很難理解。3 There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)。There is nothing to wor

36、ry about.沒什么可擔(dān)心的。比較She has two letters to type. 她有兩封信要打。 (自己打) She has two letters to be typed. 她有兩封信要打。 (別人打) 不帶to的不定式3 在had better, had best, would rather, would rather.than, would sooner, would sooner.than, cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but等結(jié)構(gòu)后直接跟動(dòng)詞原形或not + 動(dòng)詞原形。必背常見的帶不定式的短語：be suppo

37、sed to do 應(yīng)該做某事be determined to do 決心要做某事fail to do 未能做某事go all out to do 全力以赴做某事have the nerve to do 有膽量做某事have a great mind to do 很想做某事make up ones mind to do 決定做某事make a point to do 堅(jiān)持做某事prepare oneself to do 有思想準(zhǔn)備做某事take the trouble to do 不辭辛苦地做某事必背常見的帶介詞to的短語：be used to 習(xí)慣 be related to 與有關(guān)get

38、down to 著手做 be given to 沉溺于put ones mind to全神貫注于 give rise to 引起be equal to 勝任 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于lead to 導(dǎo)致 be opposed to 反對look forward to 盼望 object to 反對stick to 堅(jiān)持 pay attention to 注意動(dòng)詞ed形式也是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，它具有動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也具有形容詞、副詞的句法功能，在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足等。動(dòng)詞ed形式的特征 1 動(dòng)詞ed形式表示已完成的動(dòng)作。除了作形容詞用的動(dòng)詞-ed形式外，動(dòng)

39、詞-ed形式可帶有完成的意義，有的同時(shí)也帶有被動(dòng)的意義。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。One of the glasses was found broken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多中國人的喜愛。2 及物動(dòng)詞的ed形式一般表示被動(dòng)的意思。Given more time, I could h

40、ave solved that riddle.要是有充足的時(shí)間，我就能猜出那個(gè)謎語。 (句子的主語I和動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。)When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.你說英語的時(shí)候，一定要讓人懂得你的意思。 (賓語yourself和賓語補(bǔ)足語understand之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。)3 不及物動(dòng)詞ed形式只表示完成的意義，并不帶有被動(dòng)的含義。an escaped prisoner 逃犯 = a prisoner who has escapeda retired worker 退休工人= a worker who

41、has retireda newly arrived guest 新來的客人= a guest who has just arrivedPeople should pay attention to the changed situation.人們應(yīng)該注意到變化了的形勢。 A 動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語 1 動(dòng)詞ed形式在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。The students are fully prepared.學(xué)生們已做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。When we got there, the shop was closed.我們到那兒時(shí)，商店已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。2 同一動(dòng)詞的ed形式與ing形式作表語時(shí)的區(qū)別。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)，含有被動(dòng)的意思，而動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語多表示主語具有的特征，含有主動(dòng)的意思。 B 動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語當(dāng)作賓語補(bǔ)