定語從句講義(個人精心整理)匯編

1、學(xué)習(xí)-好資料一定語從句定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語從句B.代替先行詞，C.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分.關(guān)系代詞表格關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句關(guān)系代詞who人主語，賓語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom人賓語Theboy(

2、whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingwhose人，物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主語，賓語表語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Sheisnotthepersonthatsheusedtobewhich物主語，賓語Thebook(which)Igave

3、youwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主語，賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.備注Who,whom,which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that和who關(guān)系副詞更when時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.where地點(diǎn)狀語Iknowaplacewhere

4、wecanhaveapicnic多精品文檔why原因狀語Thisisthereasonwhyhewasfired.學(xué)習(xí)-好資料例如：（注意關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑〥oyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?（作主語）Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主語）Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作賓語）Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）I

5、wouldliketointroducetoyou.（作賓語）Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定語）三.6個關(guān)系代詞的用法1）關(guān)系代詞that禾口which的用法which,that在代替物時，一般可以通用。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.Thecoat（which/that）Iputonthedeskisblack.但在有些情況下，只用that1先行詞是最高級形容詞或它的前面有最高級形容詞修飾時。Thisisthebestwaythatha

6、sbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個序數(shù)詞時。Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatIveeverseen.先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等不定代詞時

7、。Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Wehaventgotmuchthatwecanfferyou.Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,等修飾時。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行詞既有人又有物時。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?主句已有疑問詞which時。避免重復(fù)使用Whichisthebikethatyoulost?that在定語從句中作表語MaryisnoI

8、ongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.不用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。例如：Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.學(xué)習(xí)-好資料介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.有些情況只用which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語。Thisis

9、thehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.2）關(guān)系代詞who禾口whom的用法who指人，在句中作主語和賓語，作賓語可省略。Whom指人，在句中只能作賓語，可省略，但在介詞后面不能省略。Shehasabrotherwhoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.Thedoctorwho/whom/that/xshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.=ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.3）關(guān)系代詞whose的

10、用法whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.當(dāng)whose表示物與物的所有格關(guān)系時，亦可用ofwhich的形式。Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.tThebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或tThebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant

11、.4）關(guān)系代詞as的用法先行詞前有such、thesame時關(guān)系代詞用asIveeverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.學(xué)習(xí)-好資料ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.5)關(guān)系副詞的用法含義相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrive

12、d.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.when=onwhichwhere=inwhichreason=forwhichThedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.Idontknowthe

13、reasonwhy/forwhichhedidntcome.并非先行詞表示時間或地點(diǎn)時都分別用when或where來引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句，若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時間或地點(diǎn)的先行詞的定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等而不是狀語時，需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句。Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinschool?先行詞thedays表時間，但是其定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語而不是狀語，因此不能用when而應(yīng)該用which或that。ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty/whichhespentread

14、ingthebooks/whichIstillneverforget.ThisistheplacewhereIfoundthebook./whichweoncevisited/whichIwillneverforget/whichIamlookingforThisisthereasonwhyhewaslate/thathegaveatthemeetingforhisbeinglate.以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon

15、liketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.四介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。介詞+which(指事)介詞+whom(指人)Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.學(xué)習(xí)-好資料TomorrowIbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Th

16、isistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.weIgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.ThebosswhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.Thebossi

17、nwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who,that;關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.五代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,f

18、ew等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.六限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的

19、定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：.的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.作賓語時可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whom非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom限制性定語從句舉例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghi

20、story.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.在街上我看至U個來自非洲的人。非限制性定語從句舉例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴(yán)格。更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.中國是1949年成立的，現(xiàn)在正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。LastsummerIvisitedthePeopleGSeatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetin

21、gsareheldeveryyear.去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。As和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的辨析關(guān)系。關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句代表整個句子的內(nèi)容，as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能位于句首。As語義正如”Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.Thestreethasntbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.Ashasalreadybeenpointedou