最新2016年電大開放教育本科

1、電大天堂【憲法學(xué)】形成性考核冊答案 注：本答案僅供參考，如有錯誤敬請指正來源：【電大天堂】 電大天堂【憲法學(xué)】形考作業(yè)一：（第13章） 一、單項選擇題：每空2分，共20分 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、D 5、C6、B 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、A 二、多項選擇題：每題3分，共15分 1、CD 2、ABD 3、AC4、ABCD5、ABCD 三、名詞解釋：每題5分，共30分1、愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線：是指在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，有各民主黨派和各人民團(tuán)體參加的，包括全體社會主義勞動者，擁護(hù)社會主義的愛國者和擁護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一的愛國者組成的政治聯(lián)盟，是我國人民民主專政的重要內(nèi)容之一。2、憲法：所謂憲法，就是規(guī)定一個國

2、家的根本性問題，使民主制度法律化，集中體現(xiàn)統(tǒng)治階級的意志和利益，具有最高法律效力，反映政治力量實際對比關(guān)系的國家根本法。3、剛性憲法：所謂剛性憲法，是指制定和修改憲法的機(jī)關(guān)或程序與普通法律不同。4、統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線：統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線是指無產(chǎn)階級及其政黨在革命和建設(shè)過程中，為了獲得最廣泛的同盟軍已壯大自己的力量而同其他階級異己一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的人群所組成的政治聯(lián)盟。5、成文憲法：指以一個或幾個法律文件的形式所表現(xiàn)出來的憲法。6、民定憲法：指由議會、制憲會議或公民投票方式通過的憲法。四、填空題：每題1分，共10分1、司法機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督 立法機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督 專門機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)督2、欽定憲法 民定憲法 協(xié)定憲法3、法律 行政法規(guī) 地方性法規(guī)

3、4、138 五、簡答題：每題6分，共12分 1、憲法和普通法的區(qū)別。答：一、憲法規(guī)定的內(nèi)容與普通法律規(guī)定的內(nèi)容不同。二、在法律效力上與普通法律不同。三、在制定和修改程序上與普通法律不同。2、憲法實施的監(jiān)督包括哪些內(nèi)容？答：一、審查法律、法規(guī)和規(guī)范性法律文件的合憲性。二 、審查國家機(jī)關(guān)及其公務(wù)員的合憲性。三、審查政黨、社會團(tuán)體等行為的合憲性。六、論述題（13分）為什么說人民民主專政和無產(chǎn)階級專政本質(zhì)上是一致的？人民民主專政和無產(chǎn)階級專政本質(zhì)上是一致的，主要表現(xiàn)在：（1）從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)看，人民民主專政與無產(chǎn)階級專政一樣，都是以工人階級為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國家政權(quán)，工人階級是通過自己的政黨來實現(xiàn)對國家政權(quán)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，在

4、我國即通過中國共產(chǎn)黨來實現(xiàn)。（2）從階級基礎(chǔ)看，人民民主專政與無產(chǎn)階級專政一樣，都是以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎(chǔ)的。（3）從國家職能看，人民民主專政與無產(chǎn)階級專政的職能一樣，有對內(nèi)職能和對外職能。在對內(nèi)職能方面，有政治職能即民主和專政的職能，也有經(jīng)濟(jì)文化職能，在對外職能方面，都擔(dān)負(fù)著保衛(wèi)國家，抵御外來入侵和維護(hù)世界和平，發(fā)展國際友好合作的任務(wù)。（4）從歷史使命看，人民民主專政與無產(chǎn)階級專政歷史使命一樣，都是為了發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消滅剝削階級，最終實現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義。姓 名： 學(xué) 號： 得 分： 教師簽字： 憲法學(xué) 電大天堂【憲法學(xué)】形考作業(yè)二：（第46章）一、單項選擇題：每空2分，共20分 1、D 2、C

5、3、D 4、A 5、C6、C 7、A 8、C 9、C 10、C 二、多項選擇題：每題3分，共15分 1、AC 2、AD 3、ABCD 4、AB 5、ABCD 三、名詞解釋：每題5分，共30分1、自治條例 ：是指民族自治地方的人民代表大會，根據(jù)憲法和法律規(guī)定的原則和精神，依照自治地方的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的特點制定的，用以調(diào)整民族自治地方內(nèi)基本社會關(guān)系的地方性自治法規(guī)。2、民族區(qū)域自治：是在國家統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在各少數(shù)民族聚居的地方實行區(qū)域自治，設(shè)立自治機(jī)關(guān)，行使自治權(quán)，管理本自治區(qū)域內(nèi)的事務(wù)。3、地方制度：是指在國家治理上有關(guān)行政區(qū)域劃分和地方國家機(jī)關(guān)或自治機(jī)關(guān)的組織、職權(quán)以及行使職權(quán)的程序法律、政策

6、、慣例的總稱。4、單行條例：是指有民族自治地方的人民代表大會依照憲法和民族區(qū)域自治法的規(guī)定，根據(jù)本自治地方的民族特點，制定的關(guān)于某一方面的具體事項的法律規(guī)范性文件。5、選舉：是由選民依照法律規(guī)定的程序和方式推舉民意機(jī)關(guān)代表或國家公職人員的政治活動。6、行政區(qū)劃：是指國家為了便于行政管理，根據(jù)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、民族、歷史等各種因素的不同，把領(lǐng)土劃分成大小不同、層次不等的區(qū)域，并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立相應(yīng)的政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行社會管理的制度。四、填空題：每題1分，共10分1、 議會制 總統(tǒng)制 委員會制 2、 普遍 平等 直接 秘密 3、省 自治區(qū) 直轄市 五、簡答題：每題6分，共12分 1、簡述為什么說人民代表大會制度

7、是我國的根本政治制度？答：（1）我國現(xiàn)行憲法規(guī)定：“中華人民共和國的一切權(quán)力屬于人民?！边@是我國國家制度的核心內(nèi)容和基本原則，而人民代表大會制度正是實施這一核心內(nèi)容和基本原則的組織形式。 （2）人民代表大會制度比較全面、比較充分地反映了我國的階級本質(zhì)。 （3）人民代表大會制度不以其他制度為根據(jù)，可以創(chuàng)立多種制度。2、我國民族區(qū)域自治制度的優(yōu)越性有以下幾點： 答：（1）民族區(qū)域自治制度，可以促進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)，保證國家的統(tǒng)一，有利于加強(qiáng)邊疆建設(shè)和鞏固國防。 （2）民族區(qū)域自治制度，有助于把統(tǒng)一性和特殊性、原則性和靈活性結(jié)合起來。 （3）民族區(qū)域自治制度，有助于實現(xiàn)民族平等，保障少數(shù)民族當(dāng)家作主的權(quán)利。

8、 （4）民族區(qū)域自治制度，有助于逐步消除少數(shù)民族間發(fā)展事實上的不平等，達(dá)到各民族的共同繁榮和昌盛。六、論述題（13分）我國為什么實行單一制的國家結(jié)構(gòu)形式? 答：中華人民共和國是單一制的國家結(jié)構(gòu)形式的國家，現(xiàn)行憲法序言指出：“中華人民共和國是全國各族人民締造的統(tǒng)一的多民族國家?！蔽覈圆扇我恢频膰医Y(jié)構(gòu)形式是綜合了上述因素而確立的，其中，解決民族關(guān)系問題起了重要的作用，其主要依據(jù)是：一、從歷史因素來看，實行單一制是歷史的必然選擇。我國從公元前221年起，秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國，開始形成了以漢族為主體的包括少數(shù)民族在內(nèi)的中央集權(quán)制的多民族國家。從那時起直到中華人民共和國成立，2000多年以來，雖然有

9、分有合，但“統(tǒng)”是主流的，中國基本上是統(tǒng)一的單一制國家。二、從民族關(guān)系發(fā)展因素來看，長期統(tǒng)一的中國，在歷史上雖有漢族統(tǒng)治壓迫少數(shù)民族人民，少數(shù)民族統(tǒng)治者壓迫漢族人民，但同樣也有各民族人民相互交流、友好、融合的一面。無論是相互壓迫還是相互友好，中國國內(nèi)各民族沒有分離過。他們共同勞動生息在這個土地上，創(chuàng)造了祖國光輝燦爛的中華文明，人民之間經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化的交流和滲透經(jīng)久不衰。統(tǒng)一是各民族人民的共同愿望。三、從我國民族成分和民族分布來看，建立單一制的國家有利于民族的團(tuán)結(jié)。四、從我國資源分布的情況和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡的情況來看，建立單一制的國家有利于各民族的共同繁榮。五、根據(jù)我國尚未完全統(tǒng)一和少數(shù)民族多的

10、特點，我們需要建立具有自身特色、具有靈活性的單一制國家。姓 名： 學(xué) 號： 得 分： 教師簽字： 憲法學(xué) 電大天堂【憲法學(xué)】形考作業(yè)三：（第710章） 一、單項選擇題：每空2分，共20分 1、C 2、D 3、A 4、A 5、D6、C 7、A 8、D 9、B 10、C二、多項選擇題：每題3分，共15分 1、AB 2、AB 3、ACD 4、ACD 5、ABCD三、名詞解釋：每題5分，共30分1、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度：是指一國通過憲法和法律所確認(rèn)和調(diào)整的，以生產(chǎn)資料所有制形式為核心的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系存在和發(fā)展的各種原則、規(guī)則和政策的總合。2、國籍：所謂國籍是指一個人作為蜜一國家的公民的法定資格。3、公民權(quán)利：是指公

11、民依照憲法和法律的規(guī)定，由從事一定行為和要求他人作出或不作出某種行為，以實現(xiàn)某種權(quán)力或愿望。4、平等權(quán)：平等全是公民平等的享有權(quán)利，不受任何差別對待，要求國家同等保護(hù)的權(quán)利與原則。5、國家機(jī)構(gòu)：國家機(jī)構(gòu)是一定社會的統(tǒng)治階級為實現(xiàn)其統(tǒng)治職能而建立起來的進(jìn)行國家管理和執(zhí)行統(tǒng)治職能的國家機(jī)關(guān)的總合。 6、緊急狀態(tài)：只遇到戰(zhàn)爭或遇到其它非正常情況，對全國或局部地區(qū)采取的特別措施。四、填空題：每題1分，共10分1、買賣 使用權(quán)2、監(jiān)督 管理3、人民檢察院 人民法院決定 公安機(jī)關(guān)4、 基層群眾性自治組織5、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展 多種分配方式并存 五、簡答題：每題6分，共12分 1、簡述全國人大代表的權(quán)利

12、。答：（1）出席全國人大會議，行使代表職權(quán)。 （2）提出議案、建議和意見。 （3）提出質(zhì)詢案或提出詢問。 （4）依法提出罷免案。 （5）人身特別保護(hù)權(quán)。 （6）言論和表決的免責(zé)權(quán)。 （7）物質(zhì)保障權(quán)。 （8）其他權(quán)利。2、簡述我國現(xiàn)行中央國家機(jī)關(guān)的組織體系。答：根據(jù)現(xiàn)行憲法的規(guī)定，我國中央國家機(jī)關(guān)分為：全國人大及其常委會、中華人民共和國主席、國務(wù)院、中央軍事委員會、最高人民法院和最高人民檢察院。六、論述題（13分）我國憲法為什么要規(guī)定宗教信仰自由？我國憲法之所以規(guī)定宗教信仰自由，是因為： (1)宗教是一種歷史性的特點，有它發(fā)生、發(fā)展和消亡的過程； (2)宗教信仰具有民族性和群眾性的特點，干涉和

13、禁止的辦法是無濟(jì)于事的； (3)宗教具有國際性特點，（4）有利于團(tuán)結(jié)宗教界的各界人士，調(diào)動一切積極因素，進(jìn)行社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。（5）宗教文化是一筆寶貴的遺產(chǎn)。姓 名： 學(xué) 號： 得 分： 教師簽字： 憲法學(xué) 電大天堂【憲法學(xué)】形考作業(yè)四：（綜合） 一、單項選擇題：每空2分，共20分 1、A 2、D 3、C 4、C 5、B6、B 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、D 二、多項選擇題：每題3分，共15分 1、ACD 2、AB 3、ABC 4、BC 5、ACD 三、名詞解釋：每題5分，共30分1、不成文憲法：是指以國家的一般法律、慣例或法院判例形式出現(xiàn)的憲法。2、黨制：就是指一個國家的政權(quán)完全掌握在一

14、個政黨的手里，只有該政黨才是惟一合法政黨的制度。 3、差額選舉：指候選人名額多余應(yīng)選代表名額的選舉。4、選舉制度：指公民享有選舉為人民代表機(jī)關(guān)代表或某些國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員的權(quán)利。5、國家結(jié)構(gòu)形式：指國家的內(nèi)部構(gòu)成形式，即國家的整體與部分之間、中央與地方之間的相互關(guān)系。6、檢舉權(quán)：是指公民對國家機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員的違法失職行為有檢舉揭發(fā)的權(quán)利。四、填空題：每題1分，共10分1、出版 集會 結(jié)社 游行 示威2、多黨合作 政治協(xié)商 3、社會主義初級階段 沿著建設(shè)有中國特色的社會主義的道路 社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)五、簡答題：每題6分，共12分 1、憲法規(guī)定的公民人身自由主要有哪些內(nèi)容？答：（1）公民的人身自由不受

15、侵犯。 （2）公民的人格尊嚴(yán)不受侵犯。 （3）公民的住宅不受侵犯。 （4）公民的通信自由和通信秘密受法律保護(hù)。2、簡述我國選舉制度的民主原則有哪些。 答：一、選舉權(quán)的普遍性原則。二、選舉權(quán)的平等性原則。三、直接選舉和間接選舉并用的原則。四、無記名投票的原則。五、選民對代表實行監(jiān)督的罷免的原則。六、選舉的物質(zhì)保障和法律保障原則。六、論述題（13分）香港特別行政區(qū)依法享有哪些自治權(quán)? 答：一、原有的政治制度在一定時期內(nèi)不變，不實行社會主義制度和政策，在政權(quán)組織形式上也不改變。二、原有的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和生活方式在一定時期內(nèi)不變。三、行政管理權(quán)。四、立法權(quán)。五、獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)和終審權(quán)。六、財政獨(dú)立權(quán)。七、特別

16、行政區(qū)在中央人民政府授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)，依照基本法自行處理有關(guān)的對外事務(wù)。八、除懸掛國旗、國徽外，可使用特別行政區(qū)的區(qū)旗、區(qū)徽。九、全國人民代表大會及其常委會和中央人民政府授予的其他權(quán)利?！倦姶筇焯谩空緝?nèi)畢業(yè)論文代寫信譽(yù)保證 包通過 無限次修改QQ：905080280如果還需要其他作業(yè)請到我們的論壇逛逛吧！形成性考核冊答案（本科和?？疲┫螺d歷屆試題下載：復(fù)習(xí)資料：調(diào)查報告下載：請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！2016年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major s

17、port that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and W

18、omens National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space i

19、s a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and

20、in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or

21、synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a

22、 rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory

23、must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports wi

24、th a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Associa

25、tion (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals

26、 gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the

27、 Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing ar

28、ea was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, t

29、he local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in

30、1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building

31、 of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Aust

32、ralia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was mad

33、e of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities est

34、ablished their rules committees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915,

35、 and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junio

36、r colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world

37、. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt

38、 Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Tele

39、vision interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professiona

40、l teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball

41、league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937,

42、and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949.

43、A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for almost ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several wome

44、ns professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Womens Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Womens World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Al-monte, Ontario, invented basketball at the Interna

45、tional YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismiths original thirt

46、een rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first five-man teams played at the University o

47、f Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was

48、 started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were

49、played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional bas

50、ketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a p

51、erfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all playe

52、rs used the two-hand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. T

53、hey were the New York Original Celtics; the Cleveland Rosenblums, owned by Max Rosenblum; Eddie Gottliebs Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association); and two great black teams, the New York Renaissance Five and Abe Sapersteins Harlem Globetrotters, which was actually from Chicago. Wh

54、ile these teams had some notable players, no superstars, such as Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, or Red Grange, emerged to capture the publics attention as they did in other sports of the period. The same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its devel

55、opment. Walter Doc Meanwell at Wisconsin, Forrest Phog Allen at Kansas, Ward Piggy Lambert at Purdue, and Henry Doc Carlson at Pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the games development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. In the decade preceding World War II,

56、 five events changed college basketball and allowed it to become a major spectator sport. In 1929, the rules committee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considerably. Five years later, promoter Edward Ned Irish staged the first intersectional twin bill in Mad

57、ison Square Garden in New York City and attracted more than 16,000 fans. He demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made New York its center. In December 1936, Hank Luisetti of Stanford revealed the virtues of the one-handed shot to an amazed Garden audience and became the first major coll

58、egiate star. Soon thereafter, Luisetti scored an incredible fifty points against Duquesne, thus ending the Easts devotion to the set shot and encouraging a more open game. In consecutive years the center jump was eliminated after free throws and then after field goals, thus speeding up the game and

59、allowing for more scoring. In 1938, Irish created the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in the Garden to determine a national champion. Although postseason tournaments had occurred before, the NIT was the first with major colleges from different regions and proved to be a great financial success.

60、 The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) created its own postseason tournament in 1939 but did not rival the NIT in prestige for some time. The 1940s saw significant changes for college basketball. Players began using the jump shot after Kenny Sailors of Wyoming wowed the East with it in