機(jī)械密封培訓(xùn)課件

1、西部管道密封培訓(xùn)JohnCrane Tech(Tianjin) Co.,Ltd培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容概述密封基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)密封系統(tǒng)知識(shí)密封的安裝要求密封的失效大致判斷與客戶技術(shù)人員進(jìn)行交流機(jī)械密封基礎(chǔ) 第一部分Concepts of Mechanical Seals機(jī)械密封概念 ShaftProcess Fluid密封流體Leakage泄漏Environment環(huán)境Vessel Wall釜壁The Basic Sealing Problem:Preventing Leakage基本的密封問題: 防止泄漏ShaftProcess Fluid流體流動(dòng)Leakage泄漏Environment環(huán)境 Vessel Wall

2、釜壁The Concept of anEnd Face Mechanical Seal機(jī)械密封端面的概念Shaft Movement軸的運(yùn)動(dòng)Required Features必須的特征Small axial clearance小的軸向間隙Self adjusting自調(diào)節(jié)Mating Ring配合環(huán)Primary Ring補(bǔ)償環(huán)Secondary Sealing Element輔助密封A Flexible Seal Flexible 機(jī)械密封Hydrostatic loading流體靜力學(xué)負(fù)荷Secondary sealing elements輔助密封Replaceable parts可替換的

3、部件O-Ring O型圈Shaft軸Mating Ring配合環(huán)Primary Ring補(bǔ)償環(huán)Snap Ring卡環(huán)Anti-X Ring 擋環(huán)O-Ring O型圈Disk推環(huán)Springs彈簧Retainer傳動(dòng)套Set Screw定位螺絲An Example of a Complete SealSimply put, a mechanical seal is:簡(jiǎn)單的說,機(jī)械密封就是:1.A wearable, stationary, primary sealing element 一個(gè)耐磨,靜止的密封件2. A wearable, rotating, primary sealing ele

4、ment 一個(gè)耐磨,旋轉(zhuǎn)的密封件3. A secondary sealing element 二次密封4. A mechanical loading device to press primary sealing elements 1 and 2 against one another, and 使件1和件2相互貼合的機(jī)械裝置5. Auxiliary components to complete seal 輔助密封Non-flashing沒有閃蒸Flashing閃蒸Parallel平行Converging收斂Diverging發(fā)散Face Separation密封面分離Shape:形態(tài)Gap:

5、間隙Fluid:流體The Sealing Interface密封接觸面Lubricant潤(rùn)滑劑Separation分離面Magnified Surface A 放大面Magnified Surface B放大面Heat熱量The Sealing Interface密封面Lubrication Purpose:潤(rùn)滑目的Separate surfaces分離兩個(gè)面Prevent contact of high surface points防止出現(xiàn)面接觸Reduce friction/heat generation減少摩擦/生熱Process Fluid Acts as Lubricant Bet

6、ween Faces流體在兩個(gè)面之間充當(dāng)潤(rùn)滑劑的過程Gland密封端蓋Pump Housing泵腔Process Fluid工藝流體Invisible Leakage: 不可見泄漏Fluid Evaporates Upon Reaching Atmosphere微量的泄漏在大氣側(cè)蒸發(fā) Primary Ring補(bǔ)償環(huán)Mating Ring配合環(huán)Gland密封端蓋Pump Housing泵腔No Fluid Or Dry Running沒有流體或者干運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Primary Ring補(bǔ)償環(huán)Mating Ring配合環(huán)Without Lubrication, Faces Run Dry And Overh

7、eat 沒有潤(rùn)滑干運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)致過熱Mating Ring配合環(huán)Primary Ring補(bǔ)償環(huán)Heat Generation 生熱Rubbing摩擦Viscous Shear粘性剪切力Heat Transfer熱傳遞Conduction傳導(dǎo)Convection對(duì)流Injection注入Flushing冷沖洗Removes Heat帶走熱量Replenishes Cool Clean Lubricating Liquid 補(bǔ)充潤(rùn)滑液Primary Seal: Flush基本密封:沖洗Single Seal Flushing By - Pass from Discharge (API Plan 11)單

8、密封通過出口進(jìn)行沖洗By- pass Line fromPump Discharge to Seal Gland 從泵出口到密封端蓋的管線Discharge出口Flow流動(dòng)Suction入口Primary Seal: Flush基本密封:沖洗Minimum Pressure.3 bar / 5 psi Above A?最小壓力值要大于A處0.3BarFlow流動(dòng)Discharge出口Suction入口Restrictional Device(Bushing) 限流裝置Single Seal Flushing from External Source (API Plan 32)單密封通過外部來源

9、進(jìn)行沖洗APrimary Seal: Quench 基本密封:急冷Restrictional Device (Packing)限流裝置(盤根)Quench Source急冷源Process Fluid工藝流體Single Seal Quench from External Source (API Plan 62)單密封通過外部急冷API Piping PlansAPI 沖洗方案第二部分JOHNCRANEAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Integral (internal) recirculationfrom pump discharge to seal內(nèi)部循環(huán)從泵的出口到密封

10、 Advantage 優(yōu)點(diǎn) - No external piping 沒有外部沖洗 Limitations 局限性 - Changing flow rate required dismantling of pump 改變流量需要拆泵 - For clean pumpages only 只能是適用干凈的介質(zhì)API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Points to Note for API Plan 02: API 02 沖洗方案應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)：The injection tapping is used for venting prior to startup. -在開車前，入口用來進(jìn)行

11、放空API plan 02 is often used together with plan 62, especially on high temperature bellows seals.沖洗方案2經(jīng)常與62一起用，特別是用在高溫波紋管密封API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案No flushing to the mechanical seal (dead-ended)機(jī)械密封里沒有沖洗Points to Note for API Plan 11: API 沖洗方案11 應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)- Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if th

12、e discharge pressure is 3 bar higher than seal chamber pressure.如果出口壓力高于密封腔壓力3bar，需要用一個(gè)孔限制流量- Use on clean and low abrasives duties用在干凈，含磨石性顆粒少的工礦API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Seal Flushing By-Pass from Discharge單密封通過出口進(jìn)行沖洗Recirculation from seal chamber through a flow control orifice and back to pump su

13、ction從密封腔里出通過一個(gè)孔板返回到泵的入口Points to Note for API Plan 13:API 沖洗方案 13 應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)- Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the seal chamber pressure is 3 bar higher than suction pressure.如果密封腔壓力高于入口壓力3bar，需要用一個(gè)孔板限制流量- handle abrasives duty better than API plan 11處理含有磨石性顆粒的工礦13方案號(hào)優(yōu)于11方案- higher seal cham

14、ber pressure to suppress vaporisation較高的密封腔壓力可抑制它的汽化API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案+=Points to Note for API Plan 14: API 沖洗方案 14 應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)：- Flow back to suction side will evacuate vapours that may collect in seal chamber.- Recommended for light hydrocarbon service. API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Recirculation fro

15、m pump discharge through a flow control orifice and cooler to sealOpen Loop Cooling CircuitCooling Water Outlet冷水出口Cooling Water Inlet冷水入口API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Recirculation from a pumping ring in the seal chamber through cooler and back to seal Closed Loop Cooling Circuit 沖洗液通過密封腔中的泵效環(huán)從密封腔中流出經(jīng)過換

16、熱器，再返回到密封中，形成自封閉循環(huán)。形成封閉的冷卻回路Throat bushingSuction入口Discharge出口18 - 24Vent at highest point of the piping排氣在管線的最高點(diǎn)Cooling Water Outlet冷水出口Cooling Water Inlet冷水入口mechanical seal with pumping ringHeat exchanger換熱器API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Points to note for API Plan 23:Thermosyphon design熱虹吸設(shè)計(jì) * heat ex

17、changer 換熱器 18 to 24“ above pump centre line. 在泵中心線以上 18 to 24 * Prevent overheating in standby and startup. * 在泵啟動(dòng)和備用時(shí)，要防止過熱。Install close fitting neck bushing at the bottom of seal chamber to isolate the heat from the impeller end.在密封腔底部安裝喉部襯套用來隔離從葉輪傳出的熱量Used on high temperature applications to mi

18、nimise heat load on the cooler by cooling only small amount of liquid that is recirculated.用于高溫工況，通過冷卻密封腔的小部分的循環(huán)流體來使冷卻器的熱負(fù)荷降至最低.For high temperature boiler feed pump applications用于高溫鍋爐給水泵上Other applications其他應(yīng)用 * high temperature liquid close to bubble point. * 接近沸點(diǎn)的高溫液體.API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Rec

19、irculation from pump discharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid to the seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction line沖洗液從泵出口流出，通過一旋液分離器，使干凈流體進(jìn)入密封腔，帶有顆粒的流體返回到泵入口處形成封閉循環(huán)Clean overflowUnderflowInletAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Points to Note for API Plan 32:對(duì)于API plan 32 須注意:- Chose

20、 a proper source of seal flush to eliminate the potential for vaporisation of the injected fluid and to avoid contamination of the fluid being pumped with the injected flush.選擇合適的密封沖洗源， 以減少?zèng)_洗流體的汽化，同時(shí)可避免沖洗流體被污染。- Install a labyrinth bushing at the bottom of the stuffing box to control the flushing an

21、d pressure if necessary.- - 如有必要的話，在密封腔底部安裝喉部襯套或迷宮密封來控制沖洗和壓力。API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Single Seal Flushing from External Source單密封通過外部來源進(jìn)行沖洗Throat BushingRecirculation from pump discharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid through a cooler and then to seal and fluid with solids back

22、to pump suction lineCooling Water OutletCooling Water InletAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Needle valveExternal reservoir providing a dead-ended blanket of fluid to the quench connection of the gland. Points to Note for API Plan 51:對(duì)于API plan 51 須注意: - Dead ended blanket on atmospheric side of seal to prev

23、ent freezing of moisture. Seal face will not stick together when the pump started. - 在密封大氣側(cè)，一端封閉的情況可防止潮氣的凍結(jié)，這樣在泵啟動(dòng)時(shí)，密封面就不會(huì)粘接在一起。 Typical application : 典型的應(yīng)用Pump operating below 0 C應(yīng)用于泵在 0C以下- API 610 8th Edition has eliminated this piping plan.API 610 第八版已經(jīng)取消這個(gè)沖洗方案-API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Piping Sy

24、stemsAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案 A fluid used as a lubricant or buffer between dual mechanical seals. 這種液體象緩沖劑，潤(rùn)滑劑用在雙機(jī)械密封 The buffer fluid is always at a pressure lower than the pump process pressure being sealed.緩沖液的壓力通常低于被密封的介質(zhì)的壓力 A fluid which is introduced between dual mechanical seals to complete

25、ly isolate the pump process liquid from the environment.雙機(jī)械密封里的隔離液用于是泵的工藝液體與大氣分離 Pressure of the barrier fluid is always higher than the pump process pressure being sealed.隔離液壓力總是高于泵的運(yùn)作壓力The purpose of fluid circulationis to remove heat from mechanical sealAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Pumping ringPump O

26、n applications below ambient temperature, circulation of barrier fluid may not be desirable. 這種情況適用于比室溫低的工況，隔離液的循環(huán)不能滿足要求。 The atmosphere will heat the reservoir and consequently add heat to the seal area.外部對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐進(jìn)行加熱，從而，對(duì)密封區(qū)域進(jìn)行加熱。T2T1 Fluid circulation by temperature difference between the seal and res

27、ervoir. 流體依靠密封腔和儲(chǔ)罐的溫差進(jìn)行循環(huán) Higher temperature liquid at seal has lower density rises to the reservoir.密封中的高溫流體密度較小，依靠熱虹吸現(xiàn)象上升到儲(chǔ)罐中 Lower temperature liquid at reservoir has higher density falls to the seal to provide cooling.儲(chǔ)罐中的低溫流體密度較大，下降到密封腔中對(duì)密封進(jìn)行冷卻External Force CirculationThermosyphonPumping RingD

28、ead EndedAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Points to Note for API Plan 52:Typically used with an Arrangement 2 unpressurised dual seal.通常用于不帶壓雙封 During normal operation, circulation is maintained by an internal pumping ring.在正常操作情況下，通過腔內(nèi)的泵效環(huán)維持循環(huán) The reservoir is usually continuously vented to a vapour recove

29、ry system and is maintained at a pressure less than the pressure in the seal chamber.儲(chǔ)罐通常與回收系統(tǒng)相連通，罐內(nèi)壓力通常低于密封腔壓力Pressure Gauge 壓力計(jì)Level Gauge 水準(zhǔn)儀Fill valveOrificeDrainLevel Switch (H) 電平開關(guān)Level Switch (L)Pressure Switch 壓力開關(guān)(Normally Open)Vent valve 排氣閥 External reservoir providing buffer fluid for t

30、he outer seal of an unpressurised dual seal arrangement.外部?jī)?chǔ)罐對(duì)不帶壓雙封的外密封起緩沖液的作用API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Pressure Gauge 壓力表Level Gauge 水準(zhǔn)儀Level Switch (L)電平開關(guān)Vent Valve 排氣閥(Normally Close) 通常關(guān)著OrificePressure Switch 壓力操縱開關(guān) External Pressure 外部壓力 SourceOne-way Block Valve(Normally Open)Points to Note fo

31、r API Plan 53:Typically used with an Arrangement 3 pressurised dual seal.通常用于帶壓雙封 During normal operation, circulation is maintained by an internal pumping ring.在正常操作情況下，通過腔內(nèi)的泵效環(huán)維持循環(huán) The reservoir pressure is greater than the process pressure being sealed.罐內(nèi)壓力通常高于被密封介質(zhì)壓力 External reservoir providing

32、 pressurised barrier fluid for the outer seal of an pressurised dual seal arrangement.外部?jī)?chǔ)罐對(duì)帶壓雙封的外密封起隔離液的效果DrainAPI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Points to Note for API Plan 54:Typically used with an Arrangement 3 pressurised dual seal.通常用于帶壓雙封During normal operation, circulation is maintained by an external

33、pump or pressure system.在正常操作情況下，通過外部的泵或壓力系統(tǒng)維持循環(huán) The circulating barrier fluid pressure is greater than the process pressure being sealed. 循環(huán)隔離液的壓力高于被密封介質(zhì)的壓力 External barrier fluid system providing pressurised barrier fluid for the outer seal of an pressurised dual seal arrangement外部隔離液系統(tǒng)對(duì)帶壓雙封的外密封提供

34、帶壓隔離液 API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Safe to use, handle, store儲(chǔ)藏、操作、使用安全可靠Stable liquid at ambient temperatures在室溫下，性能穩(wěn)定 Not a VOC, VHAP or other regulated compound不易揮發(fā)、非有毒物質(zhì)Non flammable不易燃燒Non foaming when pressurised高于常壓時(shí)，不易起泡Clean and good lubricity干凈且有較好的潤(rùn)滑性Compatible with process fluid與工藝流體有互容性Comp

35、atible with seal materials與密封材料相一致Good heat transfer properties有好的傳熱性能 Good flow qualities at very low temperatures 在低溫下，有好的流動(dòng)性Low solubility of gas對(duì)氣體有較低的溶解性Local availability當(dāng)?shù)厝菀撰@得Low cost成本低 VOC : Volatile Organic CompoundVHAP : Volatile Hazardous Air PolutantsSelection of Buffer / Barrier FluidA

36、PI Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Tapped connections for the purchasers use在接口處攻螺紋，以方便用戶使用Point to Note for API Plan 61:對(duì)于API plan 61 須注意:Typically this plan is used when the purchaser is to provide fluid (such as steam, gas, or water ) to an auxiliary sealing device.通常在買方能給密封輔助系統(tǒng)提供流體（如蒸汽、氣體或水）的情況下，才采用該方案API

37、Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Points to Note for API Plan 62:對(duì)于API plan 62 須注意:The quench may be required to prevent solids from accumulating on the atmospheric side of the seal.增加吹掃口以防止在密封大氣側(cè)有顆粒的積累Typically used with a close-clearance throttle bushing.普遍使用節(jié)流襯套API Piping Plans API 沖洗方案Single Seal Quench from

38、 External Source單密封通過外部急冷API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案Plan 14 (Plan 11+13) 沖洗方案14Plan 53s - Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 53 方案-排列方案3，接觸式濕密封53a traditional configuration 傳統(tǒng)構(gòu)造53b bladder accumulator 蓄能器53c piston pot/ accumulator 活塞/蓄能器Containment Seal 二次輔助密封Plan 7

39、2 Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)Plan 75 Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS) Plan 76 Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)Gas Barrier Seals 氣體Plan 74 Arrangement 3, Non-Contacting (NC) Seals排列方式3，非接觸式密封 Plan 53a (A.4.12)Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals排列方式3，接觸式濕密封Dual Pressurised

40、(Double) Seals 帶壓雙封Utilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressure利用氮?dú)鈱觼碓鰤篸ue to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquidAPI 682 limits the maximum nitrogen pressure to 10 barg, JC recommendation is maximum nitrogen pressure 21 barg, as long as the barrier fluid temperature is less than 120C API 682

41、 限制了氮?dú)獾淖畲髩毫?0barg, 約翰克蘭建議只要隔離液溫度小于120度， 最大氮?dú)鈮毫?1barg,API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版 New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 53b (A.4.12)Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式3，接觸式濕密封Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 帶壓雙封Utilizes bladder accumulator for pressure 利用蓄能器來增壓Bladder eliminates nitrogen contac

42、t with barrier liquid蓄能器把氮?dú)馀c隔離液分開Allows for higher pressure applications 允許高壓力應(yīng)用Configuration Includes:Accumulator 蓄電池Pressure Indicator 壓力顯示器Pressure Switch壓力開關(guān)Heat Exchanger換熱器BIBOTIBIBOFWhen SpecifiedAPI 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 53c (A.4.12)Arrangement 3, Contacting

43、 Wet (CW) Seals排列方式3，接觸式濕密封Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 帶壓雙封Utilizes piston pot for pressure 利用活塞增壓BIBOBIBOFWhen SpecifiedAPI 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 53c (A.4.12)Allows for higher pressure applications 允許高壓力應(yīng)用Configuration includes:構(gòu)造包括Piston pot 活塞Pressure indicat

44、or壓力顯示器Pressure switch 壓力開關(guān)Heat exchanger換熱器Level switch電平開關(guān)Piston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid活塞缸阻斷了隔離液與氮?dú)獾倪B接Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1) 活塞給密封提供持續(xù)的壓力比率Spring 彈簧API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案Barrier Fluid Temperature (7.3.4.

45、1.1)隔離流體溫度Liquid barrier systems shall be designed such that that maximum temperature differential between the barrier fluid inlet and outlet immediately adjacent to the seal chamber is:設(shè)計(jì)隔離液系統(tǒng)允許的溫差不一樣，入口和出口溫差不一樣8 degree C for glycol /water or diesel barrier fluids; and 對(duì)于水，乙二醇，柴油隔離液，允許最大溫差8度16 degr

46、ee C for mineral oil barrier fluid 礦物油隔離液 允許最大溫差16度Plan 11 with Plan 53Arrangement 3 may use Plan 11 & 53 排列方式3可以用11&53方案Improved heat transfer 增加換熱Reverse pressure capability 壓力轉(zhuǎn)換能力“Back to Back ” seals uses Plan 53背對(duì)背密封用53方案API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 72 (A.4.16)Arr

47、angement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方式2，輔助二次密封Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals 不帶壓雙封Dry-running secondary containment seal 干運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)二次輔助密封Low pressure nitrogen sweep (purge)低壓氮?dú)獯祾逽weeps primary leakage to collection system 主密封泄漏的東西排放到收集系統(tǒng)里Dilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels 稀釋泄漏的東西Used i

48、n conjunction with Plan 75 or 76 ，與75方案獲76方案一起使用CSV: containment seal ventCSD: containment seal DrainGBI: gas buffer inletFIL: coalescing filterAPI 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 74 (A.4.17)Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC) 排列方式3，非接觸式密封Dual Pressurised (Double) Gas Ba

49、rrier Seals 帶壓Nitrogen gas barrier 氮?dú)飧綦x1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressure密封腔壓力1.75-2barZero emissions 零泄漏Essentially a T2800 panel 2800類型控制面板 GBI: gas buffer inlet GBO: gas buffer outlet (NC)(used only to depressurize)API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 75 (

50、A.4.18)Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方案2，二次輔助密封Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals 雙無壓密封Dry-running secondary 輔助密封干運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Condensate collection reservoir ()冷凝液收集罐Used when primary seal leakage may condense ( does not completely vaporize) 用于從主密封泄漏出來的可冷凝的工況May be used in conjunction with

51、Plan 72 或許和72方案一起使用API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案 Plan 76 (A.4.19)Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方式2，二次輔助密封Dual Un-Pressurised Seals (Dry-running secondary)雙無壓密封Primary leakage routed to flare or ventUsed when primary seal leakage will not condense (completely vapo

52、rizes) 用于從主密封泄漏出的不可冷凝的工況Essentially a 48SC or 28LD panel leakage detection May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 或許和72方案一起使用API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的沖洗方案密封安裝 第三部分在安裝前，不要拆開密封不要接觸或碰撞密封面將密封面向上放置密封放在柔軟的棉質(zhì)紙上密封面不要朝下或側(cè)置安裝密封時(shí)應(yīng)使手保持干凈在把動(dòng)靜環(huán)放置在一起前，要小心地用棉質(zhì)紙和溶劑來擦洗密封面密封面上不要使用潤(rùn)滑油密封系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行及其可靠性受密封安裝公差的影響。應(yīng)保證密封安裝公差不超過所要求的極限。密封安裝公差運(yùn)行可靠性 表面粗糙度及尺寸檢查注1 檢查軸及密封腔的尺寸和如圖所虱的粗糙度。倒角1.5（與水平方向） x 20表面粗糙度 參考左邊表格 0.8 泵軸調(diào)整密封類型表面粗糙度動(dòng)態(tài)O形圈0.3/0.6 m Ra(研磨)靜態(tài)O形圈0.2/1.2 m Ra (車)橡膠波紋管0.8/1.2 m Ra (車)PTFE波紋管0.8/1.2 m Ra (車)動(dòng)態(tài)及 靜態(tài)楔形環(huán)0.1/0.25 m Ra(研磨) 軸跳的檢查注2 測(cè)量密封安裝處的軸跳 軸跳最大值不超過 0.05mm FIM. 用手使軸旋轉(zhuǎn) 記