第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)課件

1、第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)2022/7/28第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí) “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” -Eugene. A. Nida第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí) II. classification第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)(一)按正式程度分(accord

2、ing to the degree of formality):the frozen style 莊嚴(yán)體，正式程度最高, 往往形成程式, 如法律文書套語(yǔ)the formal style 正式體, 用于正式、嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)合the consultative style 商談體, 也稱通用體、一般體, 這是日常工作、生活中一般交往時(shí)使用的語(yǔ)體, 既非正式, 也不隨意the casual style 隨意體, 熟人之間不拘禮節(jié)的非正式語(yǔ)體the intimate style 親密體, 用于關(guān)系親密的家庭成員及朋友之間第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)五種文體中前兩種是正式文體, 英語(yǔ)詞典里的文體標(biāo)記為fml.(for

3、mal)。后兩種是非正式文體, 標(biāo)記infml.(informal), 具口語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)。中間的一種又可稱為中性語(yǔ)體(neutral), 詞典里不注文體標(biāo)記。中性語(yǔ)體作為書面語(yǔ)使用時(shí), 往往反映當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)的通用文風(fēng) (the language style of general communication), 應(yīng)用范圍最廣。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)(二) 按體裁分 (according to the types of writing) description 描寫體 narration 敘事體 exposition 說(shuō)明體 argumentation論說(shuō)體第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)(三) 按題材和實(shí)際用途分

4、(according to the topics or functions of writing):漢譯英比較常見的有以下幾種類型的文章: 國(guó)情介紹 ( 介紹中國(guó)文化、名勝等)； 文學(xué)作品 ( 散文、小說(shuō)、詩(shī)歌等)； 新聞特寫、評(píng)論、政論文類； 科技及科普文章； 商貿(mào)類； 法律及文獻(xiàn)類第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)在英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試中, 按教學(xué)大綱對(duì)漢譯英的要求, 文體種類主要是報(bào)刊上的文章, 題材包括日常生活記敘和一般的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化方面的短文, 此外還有比較淺易的文學(xué)作品。考試大綱中提到的文體種類是：報(bào)刊雜志上的論述文和國(guó)情介紹, 以及一般文學(xué)作品的節(jié)錄。以英譯漢而論, 教學(xué)大綱中規(guī)定 “能翻譯

5、相當(dāng)于英美報(bào)刊上有一定難度的文章, 題材包括:日常生活記敘；一般政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化方面的論述；科普材料；文學(xué)原著?！笨荚嚧缶V要求 “ 能運(yùn)用英譯漢的理論和技巧, 翻譯英美國(guó)家報(bào)刊雜志上的有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、文化等方面的論述文章以及文學(xué)原著的節(jié)錄?！钡?0課翻譯中文體意識(shí)1) Will you please honor me by coming to my humble home for a simple meal this FRIDAY evening? We will be very pleased if you can come at 6 oclock.2) Frank, wed like

6、 you and your wife to come over for dinner this Friday evening. Six-thirty at our place. Can you make it第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)Food is digested as it passes along the long tube which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is crushed by the teeth and

7、 made wet by the juices in the mouth. After it is swallowed, it passes down the gullet, a tube having muscles and going to the stomach.Food is digested as it passes along the alimentary canal. The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is chewed and moistened by the saliva. After be

8、ing swallowed, it passes down the gullet, a muscular tube leading to the stomach. 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)祝賀信小剛：今天得悉你以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)于南京大學(xué)，我可以想象，你的父母現(xiàn)在是怎樣地引以為榮。他們一直殷切地希望你獲得輝煌的成就。我聽說(shuō)你不久要到美國(guó)去繼續(xù)深造，預(yù)祝你在學(xué)習(xí)和研究工作上取得更大的成就。祝好 小云 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)譯文Dear Xiao Gang:I learned that you were graduated with great honors from Nanjing Universi

9、ty today. I can well imagine how proud of your parents are now, who have been anxiously hoping to witness your brilliant success. As I understand, you will continue studies in the United States soon. I wish you greater success in your studies and research work.With best wishes. Yours, Xiao Yun第10課翻譯

10、中文體意識(shí)申請(qǐng)信親愛的先生：我于2006年6月畢業(yè)于南京大學(xué)機(jī)械工程系，久慕貴校研究生院機(jī)械工程系之大名，現(xiàn)擬申請(qǐng)貴校2007年春季入學(xué)許可及獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，如蒙惠寄有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)章和申請(qǐng)表，則不勝感謝。收到貴校的復(fù)信后，我會(huì)立即寄去所有證明材料。急盼早復(fù)。 黃鵬第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)譯文Dear Sir, Having graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Nanjing University in June, 2006, I am deeply interested in your graduate school in the

11、 Department of Mechanical Engineering. I would now like to apply for admission and a tuition scholarship at your university for the spring semester of 2007. I would appreciate your sending me catalog and application forms.As soon as I receive your letter, I shall forward you all my supporting docume

12、nts. I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.Respectfully yours, Huang Peng第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)III. How to tell? How to translate?第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)1. fml.與infml.的識(shí)別和運(yùn)用 詞典中的文體標(biāo)記很多，如lit.(literary), colloq.(colloquial), sl.(slang), derog.(derogatory), poet.(poetic), vulg.(vulgar)等等。這其中最值得注意

13、的是fml.與infml.兩種。翻譯時(shí)(寫作時(shí))要有一種文體意識(shí), 選用詞語(yǔ)時(shí)一定要看一看它的文體特點(diǎn)是否合適。平時(shí)看政論文、聽新聞比較多的人, 寫英文時(shí)往往下意識(shí)地傾向于用大詞和較為正式的說(shuō)法; 而口語(yǔ)較好的人就比較喜歡用較隨意的、非正式的說(shuō)法；讀文學(xué)經(jīng)典原著多的人, 若一意模仿著名作家的用詞造句或風(fēng)格, 同樣可能使譯文與原文文體不吻合，就需要有意識(shí)地做些調(diào)整。翻譯時(shí)若不注意文體色彩的協(xié)調(diào), 會(huì)使譯文顯得不倫不類。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)2. 注意中性文體如果原文沒(méi)有明顯的口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)特點(diǎn), 一般應(yīng)將譯文大體控制在中性文體(neutral)的狀態(tài)上。就文章正式程度而言, 日常所見的大部分偏于中

14、性, 特別是翻譯測(cè)試所用的原文, 一般都盡量避免過(guò)于正式或過(guò)于口語(yǔ)化，因此, 要特別注意避免中性文體的文章中使用文體色彩過(guò)于強(qiáng)烈的詞匯。強(qiáng)調(diào)中性文體并不是說(shuō)具有fml.和infml.特點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)就一概不用了, 有時(shí)同一篇文章各個(gè)部分會(huì)有不同文體色彩, 如語(yǔ)言與文化,全文基本上是中性文體, 但對(duì)話部分就要用口語(yǔ)體來(lái)譯，使它聽起來(lái)確實(shí)像口語(yǔ)。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)3. 重視功能對(duì)等 漢英翻譯中在面對(duì)體現(xiàn)不同實(shí)用特點(diǎn)的文章時(shí), 需要掌握一個(gè)基本的原則,這就是功能對(duì)等(functional equivalence)。具體到一些詞語(yǔ)或句子的譯法, 按照功能對(duì)等的原則, 就是看在同樣的情況下，為表達(dá)同樣的意

15、思、達(dá)到同樣的效果，目的語(yǔ)中是怎么說(shuō)的。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)1 家父已經(jīng)仙逝/駕鶴乘祥。2 我敬愛的父親去世了。3 我父親已經(jīng)死了。4 我家的老頭子上西天了。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)My beloved father has joined the heavenly choir.My dear father has passed away.My father has died.My old man has kicked the bucket.第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)1 You are old enough to be more reasonable. Youre old enough, dear

16、Miss Miller, to be talked about.翻譯：你的年紀(jì)已經(jīng)足夠達(dá)到該通情達(dá)理了，密勒小姐，你已經(jīng)到被人議論的年歲了。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)親愛的密勒小姐，你年紀(jì)不小了，該懂點(diǎn)事了。你是個(gè)大姑娘了，會(huì)有人講閑話的，你懂嗎？第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)You should switch off the machine if you are not going to use it in a long time.譯1：如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)不用的話, 應(yīng)把機(jī)器關(guān)掉。譯2：長(zhǎng)期不用, 應(yīng)切斷電源。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)路滑, 小心跌倒！譯1：The road is slippery, fall

17、down carefully！譯2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.譯3：Slippery / Wet path！第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí) (原文)月光如流水一般，靜靜地瀉在這一片葉子和花上。薄薄的青霧浮起在荷塘里。葉子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗過(guò)一樣；又象籠著輕紗的夢(mèng)。譯文1： Moonlight was flowing quietly like a stream down to the leaves and flowers. A light mist over - spread the lotus

18、 pond. Leaf and flower seemed washed in milk. (英語(yǔ)世界1985年第5期 )第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)譯文2： The moon sheds her liquid light silently over the leaves and flowers, which, in the floating transparency of a bluish haze from the pond, look as if they had just been bathed in milk, or like a dream wrapped in a gauzy hood

19、. (中國(guó)翻譯1992年第5期)第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)練習(xí)：As we are in the market for color TV sets, we should be pleased if you would send us your best quotations for Panda Brand color TV sets of 19 and 21 inches.我方欲購(gòu)彩色電視，請(qǐng)報(bào)19和21英寸熊貓牌彩色電視。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)Upon receipt of your catalogue, well make enquiry for the items which are of

20、interest to us.一俟收到你方目錄，我方即詢購(gòu)感興趣的商品。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，我們將堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀統(tǒng)領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全局。我們將堅(jiān)持以人為本，從最廣大人民的根本利益出發(fā)，不斷滿足人民群眾日益增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需求，努力促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展。To realize this goal, we will adopt a scientific approach to commanding the economic and social development. We will adhere to the principle of putting the people firs

21、t, always taking into consideration the fundamental interests of the broad masses, and endeavoring to satisfy their growing material and cultural needs so as to achieve the comprehensive development of man.第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)張培基：“對(duì)于我們并非專門從事文學(xué)翻譯的初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，在表達(dá)方面只要做到兩點(diǎn)就夠了。第一，能區(qū)別口語(yǔ)與書面語(yǔ)，該文的時(shí)候文，該白的時(shí)候白，翻譯對(duì)話像對(duì)話，翻譯敘述像敘述

22、；第二，能根據(jù)不同的文體使用不同的語(yǔ)言，翻譯新聞像新聞，翻譯文件像文件，翻譯故事像故事，翻譯詩(shī)歌像詩(shī)歌。如果在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，能使譯文做到這兩點(diǎn)，這就很不錯(cuò)了?！?第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)王佐良：一切照原作，雅俗如之，深淺如之，口氣如之，文體如之。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)風(fēng)格可譯：茅盾譯文選集序：需將一個(gè)作家的風(fēng)格翻譯出來(lái)，這當(dāng)然是相當(dāng)困難的，需要運(yùn)用適合于原作風(fēng)格的文學(xué)語(yǔ)言，把原作的內(nèi)容與形式正確無(wú)遺地再現(xiàn)出來(lái)。除信、達(dá)外，還要又文采。這樣的翻譯既需要譯者的創(chuàng)造性，而又要完全忠實(shí)于原作的面貌。這是對(duì)文學(xué)翻譯的最高要求。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)周熙良

23、“翻譯與理論”：有人自詡翻譯哪一個(gè)作家就能還出這個(gè)作家的面目或風(fēng)格，我看這只是英雄欺人語(yǔ)；.教外國(guó)文學(xué)的人最喜歡談風(fēng)格，但是，對(duì)于一個(gè)搞實(shí)際翻譯的人來(lái)說(shuō)，風(fēng)格卻是一個(gè)最難談得清楚的東西。 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)3 Why can stylistics be applied to translation?It lies in that both of them have the same aim, that is, how to fulfill social communication with effective linguistic methods. They both put emphas

24、is on the social standard of communicative function; they dont ignore the timeliness and individuality of writing style as well. 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)4 Lexical Level of Stylistic DevicesInteraction of Dictionary and Contextual Meanings;Interaction of Primary and Derivative Meanings;Interaction of Logical and

25、Emotive Meanings;Intensification of a Certain Feature of a Thing or Phenomenon 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)薄命女偏逢薄命郎葫蘆僧亂判糊涂案The Bottle-gourd girl meets anunfortunate young manAnd the Bottle-gourd monk settles aprotracted lawsuit第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)An Ill-fated Girl Meets an Ill-fated ManA Confounded Monk Ends A Confounded Cas

26、eA Dream of Red Mansions第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)怨情美人卷簾珠，深坐顰娥眉。但見簾珠濕，不知心狠誰(shuí)。第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)A Heart BleedingThe blinds drawn up, she sinks back into her seat, her brows still knit.Tear stains tell of a heart bleeding for one heartless. But who? 翁顯良：古詩(shī)英譯第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)Waiting in VainA lady fair uprolls the screen,With eyebr

27、ows knit she waits in vain.Wet stains of tears can still be seen,Who, heartless, has caused the pain? 許淵沖：唐詩(shī)三百首第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)一個(gè)年紀(jì)還小的小王，這時(shí)插嘴說(shuō)：你老伴多大歲數(shù)？老孫頭說(shuō)：四十九。小王笑笑說(shuō)：那用不著忙，還會(huì)生的。八十八，還能結(jié)瓜呀。 （周立波暴風(fēng)驟雨） 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)“How old is your wife?” chimed a young man whom everybody called Little Wang. “Forty nine!”“Then

28、 there is no hurry,” Wang pursued with a grin, “She will yet bless you with a offspring. Eighty-eight, not too late!” （許孟雄 譯）第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)京華煙云里的一封書信My dear parents:I have enlisted. What would be the good of a family if there were no country? If every son dear to his parents refuses to go to war, how c

29、an China fight Japan? Please do not worry. I shall not come back till we have driven the dwarfs back into the sea. Your son, ATUNG第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)父母大人尊前,敬稟者, 兒已從軍. 念及國(guó)之不存,何以家為?若為人子者皆念父母兒女之私情,中國(guó)將來(lái)如何與日本作戰(zhàn)?不驅(qū)倭寇于東海,誓不歸來(lái). 兒 阿通.第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)5 Syntactical Level of Stylistic Devices Compositional Patterns of Synta

30、ctical Arrangement;Particular Ways of Combining Parts of the Utterance;Peculiar Use of Colloquial Constructions;Transferred Use of Structural Meaning 第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)2 July 4, 2002Dear Sirs,We have received your letter of July 1. In the special circumstances you mentioned and because of the promptness with which you have always settled with us in the past, we are willing to grant the extension and look forward to receiving your cheque in full settlement by August 31. Your faithfully.第10課翻譯中文體意識(shí)先生：七月一日函悉。由于您談及的特殊情況，以及