高考英語短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤例析

1、高考英語短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤例析短文改錯(cuò)考查同學(xué)們發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯(cuò)誤的能力。短文改錯(cuò)的文章多采用記敘文，其長(zhǎng)度通常在90120詞之間；語言淺顯易懂，基本上不涉及生僻的語言現(xiàn)象和復(fù)雜的語句結(jié)構(gòu)。短文改錯(cuò)主要考查冠詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、連詞、介詞等。1.名詞名詞是短文改錯(cuò)的重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容，其考點(diǎn)主要涉及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格、名詞與形容詞等詞形的轉(zhuǎn)化等。【考例1】My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. (2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】honest honesty。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句中的主語

2、為the key，表語應(yīng)為honest的名詞形式。句意：我叔叔告訴我他成功的關(guān)鍵是誠實(shí)守信?！究祭?】If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. (2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】knowledges knowledge。knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)?！究祭?】The teenage year from 13 to19 were the most difficult time for me. (2016全國卷III)【答案及解析】ye

3、ar years。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞were可知，名詞year應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.冠詞冠詞是短文改錯(cuò)中的高頻考點(diǎn)，其主要涉及冠詞的缺失、冠詞濫用、定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)的混用?！究祭?】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】thea。句意：我叔叔說他從未想過短時(shí)間內(nèi)致富。此處period為泛指，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。【考例2】But in that case, we will learn little about world. (20

4、16全國卷II)【答案及解析】about后加the。在英語中，定冠詞the表示特指，本句中用the修飾world，特指“這個(gè)世界”。【考例3】Every time he arrived home at end of the day, wed greet him at the door. (2016浙江)【答案及解析】在end前加the。at the end of為固定搭配，意為“在結(jié)束的時(shí)候”。3.代詞代詞的考查靈活多樣，其涉及的考點(diǎn)有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等?！究祭?】Instead, he hopes that ourbusiness will grow

5、 steadily.(2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】our his。此處講的是叔叔的生意。 【考例2】The summer holiday iscoming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.(2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】how what。“疑問詞+ to do”在本句中作talk about的賓語。【考例3】At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever nee

6、d help.(2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】need前加I。whenever從句中缺少主語I。4.形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞是短文改錯(cuò)的重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)要注意判斷形容詞或副詞是否混用，是否存在比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。【考例1】Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. (2016全國卷I )【答案及解析】steady steadily。grow是動(dòng)詞，此處修飾動(dòng)詞，說明發(fā)展的情況，故用副詞形式。【考例2】They were also the best and worse years in my life. (2016全

7、國卷III )【答案及解析】worse worst。與前面的the best保持一致，故用最高級(jí)?！究祭?】At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016全國卷III)【答案及解析】freely free。作系動(dòng)詞be的表語，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。5.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)主要涉及特定語境中時(shí)態(tài)的使用。同學(xué)們做這類題目時(shí)，要從文章整體來把握時(shí)態(tài)，注意時(shí)態(tài)一致?！究祭?】Some people even had to wait outside.(201

8、6全國卷I)【答案及解析】had have。根據(jù)上下文可知，整篇文章描述的是一般性情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！究祭?】I thought that it is a good idea. (全國卷II 2016)【答案及解析】thought think。本文介紹我和同學(xué)們商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，故此處用think。6.動(dòng)詞語態(tài)做這類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們要注意謂語動(dòng)詞與主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系?！究祭縀very day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (2016全國卷

9、I )【答案及解析】using used。句意：每天他都確保做飯用新鮮蔬菜和高品質(zhì)的油。句中fresh vegetables and high quality oil與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。7.主謂一致注意句子主語與謂語在數(shù)上保持一致。【考例】He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. (2016浙江)【答案及解析】waswere。根據(jù)句中的we可判斷謂語動(dòng)詞用were。8.非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞涉及的考點(diǎn)有以下三類：(1)動(dòng)詞原形與現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞是否混用；(2)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞是否混用；(3)動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to是否

10、遺漏或多余?！究祭?】We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. (2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】take taking。staying at home與taking a trip構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，都作介詞between的賓語?！究祭?】I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全國卷III)【答案及解析】wear wearing。介詞by后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。9.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣涉及的考點(diǎn)如下：(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形，而不能

11、接非謂語動(dòng)詞；(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞漏用、錯(cuò)用；(3)在suggest, insist, demand等詞后的從句中，謂語常用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可省略，但不可用其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?！究祭?】We can chose between staying at home and (2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】chose choose。本題考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”這一語法點(diǎn)。【考例2】Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. (2016全國卷II )【答案及解析】can去掉或can should。

12、動(dòng)詞suggest表“建議”時(shí)，后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。10.連詞根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意but, and, so, or, for等并列連詞是否誤用、混用或多用?！究祭?】Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】or and。蔬菜和食用油在做飯時(shí)都會(huì)用到，所以二者是并列關(guān)系而不是選擇關(guān)系?！究祭?】If we stay at home, it is comfortable but t

13、here is no need to spend money.(2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】but and。前后兩個(gè)分句間是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用and。11.復(fù)合句從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查是短文改錯(cuò)的難點(diǎn)，主要表現(xiàn)在以下三方面：(1)名詞性從句。同學(xué)們要弄明白題目屬于何種名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作什么成分；(2)定語從句。同學(xué)們應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)先行詞，分析關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分，注意判斷是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句；(3)狀語從句。同學(xué)們做題時(shí)要注意結(jié)合語境來判斷從屬連詞的使用是否準(zhǔn)確。 【考例1】My uncle is the owner of arestaurant close to that I live. (2016全國卷I )【答案及解析】that where。賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where?！究祭?】Thoughnot very big,