優(yōu)學(xué)院學(xué)術(shù)英語3unit1-聽力答案

1、1. We dont know very much about the brain, and as a _, scientists have not been able to find out very much about how it works.A. complexityB. screenC. structureD. consequence2. Scientists are trying to _ new ways to study the brain.A. expectB. developC. reactD. hold3. When the man spilled the hot co

2、ffee on Sarah, she _ by jumping up and screaming.A. expectedB. reactedC. developedD. discovered4. The _ of the human brain is well known, and scientists find it very difficult to understand.A. complexityB. structureC. screenD. consequence5. The frontal lobe is a physical _ of the brain.A. screenB. s

3、tructureC. complexityD. consequence6. The brain _ mental processes, such as thinking.A. discoversB. expectsC. deals withD. reacts7. She _ an experiment to figure out how our brains process information.A. reactedB. expectedC. heldD. performed8. The doctor looked at the picture of the brain on a compu

4、ter _.A. complexityB. screenC. consequenceD. structure9. The scientist did not _ male brains to be different from female brains before he started his research, and he was surprised to find out how different they were.A. expectB. deal withC. reactD. develop10. Scientists have _ many new facts about t

5、he brain in recent years.A. expectedB. performedC. discoveredD. reacted1. It is now possible to view three-dimensionalpictures of the human brain on computer screens.2. Thefunctionof the new machine is to test human brain cells.3. The famousneuroscientistdiscovered a new treatment for brain cancer.4

6、. The scientist completed her research study, and she published herfindingin a medical journal.5. Machines that can be used forimaginginclude cameras and X-ray machines.6. The cells of the brain that send messages from the brain to other parts of the body are called neurons.7. The discovery that adu

7、lt brains are different from childrens brains had greatimplicationsfor the way diseases of the brain are treated.8. Scientists studyimagesof the human brain to learn about differences between men and women.1. New technology allows us to see _.A. fMRIs and PETsB. the effects of brain injuryC. inside

8、a live brainD. the shape of the brain2. fMRI and PET machines create pictures and movies that show brain _.A. activityB. healthC. intelligenceD. size3. New research shows differences between _.A. children and adult brainsB. large and small brainsC. male and female brainsD. sick and healthy brains4.

9、Scientists know everything about the human brain.A. trueB. false5. The frontal lobe is one of the physical structures within the brain.A. trueB. false6. There are 10,000 neurons in the human brain.A. trueB. false7. The connections between neurons are very complex.A. trueB. false8. The development of

10、 new technology that can see deep inside a living brain allows for new discoveries in human brain research.A. trueB. false1. I tried tointerpretthe results of the scientists experiment, but it was too difficult.2. The researchrevealedmany surprising new facts about the brain.3. Scientists have found

11、 manysimilaritiesbetween male and female brains, but also some differences.4. Women are usually thought to be more emotional than men, but under somecircumstances, men can be more emotional than women.5. This part of the brainprocessesinformation that we get from seeing and hearing the world around

12、us.6. The brains of someindividualswork differently than the brains of the majority of people.7. Generally, men have a(n)reputationfor hiding their emotions.8. The scientist gave a lecture on several differentaspectsof the brain.9. Now, researchers realize that male and female brains are different f

13、rom each other, butpreviouslythey thought that they were the same.10. The scientistexaminedthe mans brain carefully to see how it reacted to images.1. There is a(n)stereotypethat girls are easily frightened and boys are brave.2. Neuronstransmitmessages to each other.3. When girls and boys get older

14、and go through puberty, theirhormonesbecome very active.4. From this finding, we caninferthat some medicines that doctors have been giving to women may not be healthy for them to take.5. Some areas of the brain, such as the area that controls emotions, areproportionatelylarger in men than they are i

15、n women.6. Monkeys have small brainsrelativeto humans.7. It is incorrect to make theassumptionthat men are smarter than women because their brains are bigger.8. It is a naturalinstinctfor a mother to take care of and protect her baby.9. Sensory organs like the nose and ears sendsignalsto the brain.1

16、. Social pressures are the main reason why men and women are different.false2. Social and biological factors create differences between men and women.true3. Men and women are different because they communicate differently.false4. Male and female brains differ in structure and in the way messages are

17、 transmitted.true5. Brain research is done on men because they think more clearly than women.false6. Research on the brain should include studies of how womens brains work.trueg1. hypothalamusa. pain suppressionf2. frontal lobeb. spatial perceptiond3. limbic cortexc. memory and spatial navigationb4.

18、 parietal cortexd. emotionsc5. hippocampuse. emotional memorye6. amygdalaf. decision-making and problem-solvinga7. periaqueductal greyg. basic instincts (such as food intake)1. hypothalamusno information on size2. frontal lobebigger in women3. limbic cortexbigger in women4. parietal cortexbigger in

19、men5. hippocampusbigger in women6. amygdalabigger in men7. periaqueductal greyno information on sizeLarry Cahill,a neurobiologistat the University of California, Irvine, has found evidence that, in some circumstances, people of different sexesuse the same brain structures differently. In brain-imagi

20、ng experiments, he asked groups of men and women to rememberimages they had been shown earlier. These images were chosen because they producea strong emotional reaction. Both men and women consistently used the amygdala to complete the task. However, the men used the right side of the amygdala, whil

21、e the women used the left side. Whats more, each group remembereddifferent aspects of the image. The men rememberedthe gist of the situationwhereas the women concentrated onthe details. This suggests men and women process information from emotional events invery different ways.These studies are stil

22、l in their early days, and there ismuch to be learned. Neurobiologists dont really havea clear overall pictureyet. Large pieces of the puzzle are missing, in part because imagingtechniques are still rather basic. For researchers to seethe brain in action, test subjects need to lie down inside a scan

23、ner or be wired up toa PET machine, which is very different froma real world situation.One possible solutionis to attach a miniature MRI scanner to subjects heads. Then researchers would be able to see what happens as people go about theireveryday lives.This area ofresearchhas some important uses. W

24、orking out exactly how brains are different could explain somemysteries , such as why men and women tend to have differentmental healthproblems and why some drugs work well for one sex but have littleeffecton the other. Finding the reasons for this could lead to more effectivetreatmentsand better wa

25、ys to preventillness. This would be a very positive result.1. What is the passage is mainly about?A. the appeal of certain types of musicB. the possible effects of music on the brainC. the use of music in a learning environmentD. the importance of order in musical compositions2. Which of the followi

26、ng pairs of terms help to best explain the Mozart effect?A. left hemisphere and right hemisphereB. learning inside a classroom and learning outside a classroomC. music and intelligenceD. rhythm and beat3. Read the second paragraph of the passage. Which of the following sentences summarizes what the

27、author is saying?A. Studies suggest that music affects both the body and mind.B. The Mozart sonata is especially effective in raising IQ scores.C. Researchers disagree about the impact of music on the brain.D. There are a number of theories about how music helps humans learn.4. Read the following se

28、ntence from paragraph 4. Which of the following details supports what the author is saying?“The simultaneous use of both sides of the brain is needed for the complete perception of music.”A. Music students score higher on tests and get better grades.B. The study of music is linked to intelligence.C.

29、 The Mozart sonata has a 60-beat-per-minute pattern.D. Pitch and intensity are perceived by different parts of the brain.1. How does music affect the brain?A. skimmingB. scanning2. What were the results of the study conducted in California?A. skimmingB. scanning3. Why was the Mozart sonata used in t

30、he study?A. skimmingB. scanning4. Is there only one theory about the connection between music and IQ?A. skimmingB. scanningfThe scientists research results (are completely different from) earlier research results, and now no one knows what to believe.aFalling down the stairs can cause terrible (feel

31、ings you have when your body hurts).dA persons (sex)whether they are male or femalecan be very important when giving them medical treatmentjThere is (a lack of understanding) amongst some doctors and nurses about how to treat diseases of the brain.cBecause we are making so little progress, I dont th

32、ink its (important or useful) to continue our research into this subject.bMany people (feel pain or are sick because of) mental health problems.hRecently, there have been (thorough and complete) changes in the way scientists understand the human brain.gPeople sweat to (control) their body heat.eThes

33、e medicines (are right for) men, but they are not very good for women.iA childs (way of understanding) the world is not the same as an adults.All of your answers are correct. Well done!窗體頂端1. The medicinesuppressedthe cancers growth, and the disease spread rapidly through the womans body.false2.Depr

34、essionis an illness that does not affect your emotions and the way you feel.false3. After Jamila started taking theantidepressant, she felt much happier and was able to go back to work.true4.Circuitsare paths through which electric currents travel, including circuits in the brain that block pain.tru

35、e5. Broken bones, the flu, and diabetes are all example ofmental healthproblems.false窗體底端窗體頂端M1. Women seem to experience more pain than men because women and men use different circuits in the brain to block pain.D2. Anne Murphy in the U.S. and Jeff Mogil in Canada did research on how men and women

36、experience pain.M3. Most pain killers are tested on men, but they have different effects on men and women.D4. The painkiller Nalbuphine works well on women, but sometimes increases pain in men.D5. It is very expensive to develop new drugs.M6. With more research, better painkillers for women may be c

37、reated.窗體底端1. Suffer more often from depressionA. womenB. men2. Produce less serotoninA. womenB. men3. Respond better to antidepressants that work on serotoninA. womenB. men4. Are more often diagnosed with problems affecting brain systemsA. womenB. menOK.To sum up, theres still a lot to learn. Werej

38、ust beginningto find out how pain control and mental health are different in men and women.One thing that isstill astonishing is that so many researchers failed to include females in their studies.This isespecially strange when it comes to pain research. Women are the most common sufferers of pain a

39、ndyetmost basic pain research is carried out only on males.In many areas, there seem to be more and more reports that the results of earlier research are actually only true for males,thusmaking the earlier researchers look rather foolish.Anyway, whats important is that researchers arenowbeginning to

40、 take women into account. We may well see medicines better suited to female physiology in the future.In a few decades time, women and men with the same illnesses could be treated in different ways.And thismay apply to more than just the brain.Soits an exciting field to exploreand one that could make

41、 a real difference to peoples lives.窗體頂端Another area where there are genderdifferencesis mental health. Lets take depression, for example. Women appear tosuffer fromdepression twice as often as men, and their brains typicallyproduceabout half as much serotonina brainchemicallinked to depression. Rec

42、ently, Anna-Lena Nordstrm from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, found that there seem to be significant differences in how male and female brainsprocessserotonin. There are no firmconclusionsyet, but this is of special interest for tworeasons. First, commonantidepressantslike Prozac wo

43、rk on serotonin. Second, there isevidencethat womenrespondbetter to these common antidepressants than those that work on neurotransmitters other than serotonin.窗體底端1. What is the speakers main point about learning?A. It is more difficult for some people than others.B. It affects only one hemisphere

44、of the brain.C. It is connected to the physical brain.D. It cannot be scientifically measured.2. Which sentence explains one of the speakers main points?A. “This means that you learn details first, and then you piece them together to understand the main idea.”B. “Were going to talk more about learni

45、ng styles later, and about how we can use our individual learning styles to study effectively.”C. “And usually, one hemisphere is stronger than the otherat least in humans.”D. “The brain is divided into two hemispheres that process information in different ways.”窗體頂端3. What is the main point the pro

46、fessor wants listeners to know?A. Different types of people process information in different ways.B. Humans use the same reading strategy to understand texts.C. Certain ways of studying are more useful than others.D. Some types of study skills are not very effective.4. How does the professor support

47、 the main point?A. by explaining in detail how people readB. by linking study strategies to learning stylesC. by stressing the difficulty of some reading assignmentsD. by describing the physical structure窗體底端1. Today we know there are big differences between mens and womens brains. In the past, we t

48、hought the differences were not as big.Today we know there arebiggerdifferences between mens and womens brains thanwe thoughtin the past.2. Women often suffer from depression. Men dont suffer from depression as often.Women suffer from depressionmore oftenthanmen.3. With more research, we may be able

49、 to create effective painkillers for women. We dont have very effective painkillers for women now.With more research, we may be able to create painkillers that aremore effectivefor women thanpainkillerswe have today.4. There is evidence that women respond well to serotonin-based antidepressants. The

50、y dont respond well to antidepressants that dont work on serotonin.There is evidence that women respondbetterto serotonin-based antidepressants thanto antidepressantsthat dont work on serotonin.5. Modern technology gives us detailed information about what is going on in the brain. The information fr

51、om older methods of research was not as detailed.Modern technology gives usmore detailedinformation about what is going on in the brain thanolder methodsof research.6. The painkiller nalbuphine works well for women. It doesnt work well for men.The painkiller nalbuphine worksbetterfor women thanfor m

52、en.7. Parts of the frontal lobe are proportionately large in women. They arent as large in men.Parts of the frontal lobe are proportionatelylargerin women thanin men.8. Current brain research on males and females is useful. Past research on only males was not as usefulCurrent brain research on males

53、 and females ismore usefulthanpast researchon only males.窗體頂端1. Both PET and fMRI scans make images of brain activity.A. trueB. false2. Before a PET scan, the person drinks a radioactive substance.A. trueB. false3. The radioactive substance collects in the active areas in the persons brain.A. trueB.

54、 false4. A PET scan can create a film showing brain activity.A. trueB. false5. The colors in a PET scan image show different amounts of mental activity.A. trueB. false6. More blood goes to areas where the brain is least active.A. trueB. false7. Responses to a magnetic field are different when blood oxygen levels are high.A. trueB. false8. An fMRI mach