華為eNSP配置實例6靜態(tài)路由與默認(rèn)路由課件

1、(最新整理)華為eNSP配置實例6靜態(tài)路由與默認(rèn)路由2021/7/261專題6 靜態(tài)路由與默認(rèn)路由進(jìn)階配置2021/7/262場景你是你們公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師，現(xiàn)在公司有一個總部和兩個分支機(jī)構(gòu)。其中R1為總部路由器，總部有一個網(wǎng)段，R2、R3為分支機(jī)構(gòu)。R1通過串行線纜與分支機(jī)構(gòu)相連，分支結(jié)構(gòu)之間也通過串行線纜實現(xiàn)互聯(lián)。 因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模較小，所以采用靜態(tài)路由和默認(rèn)路由的方式實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互通。IP地址編址信息如拓?fù)鋱D。 2021/7/263拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)圖10.0.23.1/2410.0.23.2/2410.0.2.2/2410.0.2.1/2410.0.12.2/2410.0.12.1/2410.0.1.1/

2、2410.0.1.2/2410.0.13.1/2410.0.13.2/2410.0.3.2/2410.0.3.1/24每個接口（綠色小點）的IP地址標(biāo)注在其旁邊2021/7/264設(shè)置主機(jī)IP和網(wǎng)關(guān)主機(jī)的網(wǎng)關(guān)是其所連接的路由器端口的IP，如client0 連接路由器R1的E0/0/0端口（10.0.1.1），因此client0的網(wǎng)關(guān)是10.0.1.1，設(shè)置如下2021/7/2651. R1的基礎(chǔ)配置與IP編址undo ter monsystem-viewHuaweisysname R1R1int s0/0/1R1-Serial0/0/1ip address 10.0.13.1 24R1-Ser

3、ial0/0/1undo shutR1-Serial0/0/1int s0/0/0R1-Serial0/0/0ip address 10.0.12.1 24R1-Serial0/0/0undo shutR1-Serial0/0/0int e0/0/0R1-Ethernet0/0/0ip address 10.0.1.1 24R1-Ethernet0/0/0undo shutR1-Ethernet0/0/0quit2021/7/2662. R2的基礎(chǔ)配置與IP編址undo ter monsystem-viewHuaweisysname R2R2int s0/0/1R2-Serial0/0/1ip

4、 address 10.0.12.2 24R2-Serial0/0/1undo shutR2-Serial0/0/1int s0/0/0R2-Serial0/0/0ip address 10.0.23.1 24R2-Serial0/0/0undo shutR2-Serial0/0/0int e0/0/0R2-Ethernet0/0/0ip address 10.0.2.1 24R2-Ethernet0/0/0undo shutR2-Ethernet0/0/0quit2021/7/2673. R3的基礎(chǔ)配置與IP編址undo ter monsystem-viewHuaweisysname R3R

5、3int s0/0/0R3-Serial0/0/0ip address 10.0.23.2 24R3-Serial0/0/0undo shutR3-Serial0/0/0interface s0/0/1R3-Serial0/0/1ip addr 10.0.13.2 24R3-Serial0/0/1undo shutR3-Serial0/0/1int e0/0/0R3-Ethernet0/0/0ip addr 10.0.3.1 24R3-Ethernet0/0/0undo shutR3-Ethernet0/0/0quit2021/7/2684. 測試直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性在R1上ping 10.0.12

6、.2 通ping 10.0.12.2 Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms在R1上ping 10.0.13.2 通ping 10.0.13.2 Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms2021/7/269在R2上ping 10.0.12.1 通ping 10.0.12.1Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms在R2上ping 10.0.23.2 通ping

7、 10.0.23.2Reply from 10.0.23.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms2021/7/2610在R3上ping 10.0.23.1 通ping 10.0.23.1Reply from 10.0.23.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms在R2上ping 10.0.13.1 通ping 10.0.13.1Reply from 10.0.23.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms2021/7/26115 測試非直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性測試R2到目的網(wǎng)

8、絡(luò)10.0.13.0/24、10.0.3.0/24的連通性ping 10.0.13.2 Request time out 不通ping 10.0.3.2 Request time out 不通此時R2如果要與網(wǎng)絡(luò)10.0.3.0網(wǎng)段通訊，則需要R2上有去往該網(wǎng)段的路由信息，并且R3上也需要有回到R2接口IP網(wǎng)段的路由信息。以上測試結(jié)果顯示R2無法與地址10.0.3.2和10.0.13.2地址通訊。2021/7/26126 查看路由表 display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tabl

9、es: Public Destinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.0.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/1 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.12.2/

10、32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.23.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.2 Serial0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack02021/7/2613發(fā)現(xiàn)R2的路由表里面沒有去

11、往10.0.1.0 、10.0.3.0、10.0.13.0等網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由信息同理，你也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在R1的路由表里面沒有去往10.0.3.0、10.0.23.0、10.0.2.0等網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由信息同理，你也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在R3的路由表里面沒有去往10.0.1.0、10.0.12.0、10.0.2.0等網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由信息需要添加到這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由項目。2021/7/26147. 規(guī)劃路由目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)子網(wǎng)掩碼下一跳10.0.3.0255.255.255.010.0.13.210.0.23.0255.255.255.010.0.12.210.0.2.0255.255.255.010.0.12.2R1的路由表目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)子網(wǎng)掩碼

12、下一跳10.0.1.0255.255.255.010.0.12.110.0.13.0255.255.255.010.0.23.210.0.3.0255.255.255.010.0.23.2R2的路由表目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)子網(wǎng)掩碼下一跳10.0.1.0255.255.255.010.0.13.110.0.12.0255.255.255.010.0.23.110.0.2.0255.255.255.010.0.23.1R3的路由表2021/7/26158. 根據(jù)規(guī)劃在R1 R2 R3上配置靜態(tài)路由 R1上增加三條 R1ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.13.2R1ip route

13、-static 10.0.23.0 24 10.0.12.2R1ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.12.2R2上增加三條 R2ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.23.2R2ip route-static 10.0.13.0 24 10.0.23.2R2ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.12.1R3上增加三條 R3ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.13.1R3ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.23.1R3ip route-static

14、10.0.2.0 24 10.0.23.12021/7/26169.查看路由表并測試連通性R1dis ip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0

15、.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.0.2.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0 10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.2 Serial0/0/1 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 Seria

16、l0/0/1 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.13.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.2 Serial0/0/1 10.0.23.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack02021/7/2617在任意主機(jī)、路由器上互相ping都可以通過PCping 10.0.3.2Ping 1

17、0.0.3.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=47 msFrom 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=46 msFrom 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=16 msPCping 10.0.2.2Ping 10.0.2.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=126 time=10

18、9 msFrom 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=46 ms2021/7/261810 默認(rèn)（缺省）路由觀察R1的路由表10.0.2.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/010.0.23.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0發(fā)現(xiàn)到達(dá)10.0.2.0和10.0.23.0這兩個目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由具有相同的下一跳10.0.12.2可以合并為一條缺省路由ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2 2021/7/2619首先需要把這兩條

19、路由刪掉R1undo ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.12.2R1undo ip route-static 10.0.23.0 24 10.0.12.22021/7/2620查看路由表發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)沒有了這兩條R1dis ip routRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib-Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 11 Routes : 11 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.1.0/24 Dir

20、ect 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.2 Serial0/0/1 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.13.2/32 D