[研究生入學(xué)考試]定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯課件

1、定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯Translation of Attributive Clauses1限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)所修飾的先行詞起限制作用，與先行詞關(guān)系較為密切；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞不起限制作用，只是對(duì)它加以敘述，描寫或解釋，并用逗號(hào)與之隔開(kāi)。定語(yǔ)從句2前置譯法 后置譯法合成譯法(溶合法)譯成狀語(yǔ)從句一主多從式定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯3限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往要譯成“的”這種句型的前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)橄拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句與所修飾的詞關(guān)系密切，若分開(kāi)譯則會(huì)影響主句意思的完整。也有一些非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，或因結(jié)構(gòu)較短，或因與被修飾詞關(guān)系較為密切，或因拆譯后將會(huì)造成譯文結(jié)構(gòu)松散，在這種情況下也可

2、以譯成前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。前置譯法4The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.對(duì)于那些只想畢業(yè)后找份工作的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō), 壓力也一樣不小。5我想我們應(yīng)該為培育這下一代的價(jià)值理念感到擔(dān)憂。 I think we should be worried about the values that are nurturing the new generation.6A writers work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the r

3、ight place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade the reader or soothe him or amuse him.7作家的使命就是不斷地錘煉文字， 力求做到用詞恰到好處，尋求 能夠確切表達(dá)意思的詞，能夠 說(shuō)服、安慰或取悅讀者的詞。84. An eminent American historian, Barbara Tuchman, who has been highly acclaimed for her narrative histor

4、ies, gained her first significant recognition in 1958.曾以敘事性歷史傳記聞名的著名美國(guó)歷史學(xué)家，芭芭拉 塔奇蔓，在1958年首次得到認(rèn)可。 9My brothers laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.我哥哥那富有感染力的 打破了沉默10后置譯法在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中使用得比較普遍。有些限制性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜，譯成漢語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)則顯得過(guò)長(zhǎng)，而且不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，這種情況下往往也可以譯成后置的并列分句，作進(jìn)一步的連貫敘述。后置譯法11重復(fù)英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所表達(dá)的含義，

5、必要時(shí)還需要加譯一些代詞或連詞。If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果乘火車抵達(dá)芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一兩個(gè)小時(shí)，你也會(huì)感覺(jué)到從（密歇根）湖那邊吹拂過(guò)來(lái)的陣陣清風(fēng)，這就是芝加哥之所以叫做“風(fēng)城” 的緣故。12They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us.他們對(duì)我

6、們的要求置之不理，這使我們大家都很氣憤。13省略英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所代表的含義，必要時(shí)還需要加譯一些代詞或連詞。In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have co

7、mmon interests which transcend these differences.我希望我們?cè)诒局艿臅?huì)談將會(huì)是坦誠(chéng)的。讓我們從一開(kāi)始就以下幾點(diǎn)達(dá)成共識(shí)：過(guò)去的一些時(shí)期內(nèi)我們?cè)?jīng)是敵人。今天我們?nèi)杂兄薮蟮姆制?。但我們之所以走到一起，是因?yàn)槲覀冇兄餐?，這些利益能夠讓我們超越這些分歧。14將英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞who或which 轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)人稱代詞或指示代詞。I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of t

8、he world morally. 我接觸到一些孩子，他們不但 情感和智力方面在發(fā)展，也 開(kāi)始在道德倫理方面感悟世界。15Practice in class1. Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.2. He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from those who have an independent income.3. A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and

9、 produce heat. 4. The ambassador, who had long been interested in Asian affairs, was flattered.16把原句中的被修飾詞與定語(yǔ)從句合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的漢語(yǔ)句子的翻譯方法。合成譯法17There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。18The kapok is in blossom that heralds the early spring.木棉盛開(kāi)，預(yù)示著早春的到來(lái)。 （把定語(yǔ)從句譯成謂語(yǔ)，融合成一個(gè)句子） 19“We are a nati

10、on that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist.一位外國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說(shuō)道，“我們這個(gè)國(guó)家不討飯就活不下去。”20Practice in class5. This is the paper mill that they set up in 1978.6. There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity.7. I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear

11、 at the meeting.21有些定語(yǔ)從句從形式上看是定語(yǔ)，但在意義上與主句有著邏輯狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，起著主句的原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步等狀語(yǔ)的作用，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該按照其語(yǔ)法功能，譯成漢語(yǔ)各種相應(yīng)的復(fù)句。譯成狀語(yǔ)從句22The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于計(jì)算機(jī)起著類似人腦的作用，所以常常被稱作電腦。（原因狀語(yǔ)）23There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong will-

12、power.只要有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志力，就沒(méi)有什么壞習(xí)慣不能改掉。（條件狀語(yǔ)）24The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to that shipwreck.這位女記者想寫篇文章，以便能夠引起公眾對(duì)那起沉船事件的注意。（目的狀語(yǔ)）25You would have to be careful not to offend the boss, who would give you the sack at any time.你得小心謹(jǐn)慎，不能得罪老板，因?yàn)槔习咫S時(shí)可以炒你的魷魚。（原因狀語(yǔ)） 26P

13、ractice in class8. He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.9. She insisted on buying another coat, which she had no use for.10. He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.27一主多從式定語(yǔ)從句一主多從式定語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)先行詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上定語(yǔ)從句的情況。28譯成定語(yǔ)The old ways of

14、 earning a living rivaled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power. 29這些古老的謀生之道正受到農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)、商業(yè)貿(mào)易（與世界上至今尚不知名的地區(qū)之間所進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易）以及各式奇特機(jī)器新工藝的挑戰(zhàn)，這些奇特的機(jī)器可節(jié)

15、省勞動(dòng)力而無(wú)需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動(dòng)。（并列的定語(yǔ)） 30And it helps explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans. 它有助于說(shuō)明，為什么源于中國(guó)的許多發(fā)明和希臘羅馬人所知道的許多發(fā)明，只是在西歐人手中才得到全面發(fā)展和充分利用。（分開(kāi)的定語(yǔ)修飾重復(fù)的先行詞）31Consequently the ma

16、nor（莊園）was a self-sufficient village that was worked byserfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords. 因而，莊園是靠農(nóng)奴經(jīng)營(yíng)的自給自足的村莊；農(nóng)奴不能隨便離開(kāi)，并以其勞動(dòng)養(yǎng)活封建教俗集團(tuán)。（一個(gè)并列句）32接力式順譯The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Tom, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.廚子的臉色變得蒼白，要女仆把門關(guān)上，女仆叫湯姆去關(guān)，湯姆又叫補(bǔ)鍋匠去關(guān)，而補(bǔ)鍋匠卻裝做沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。33先綜合后分譯Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available