漢譯英翻譯技巧(共12頁)

1、漢譯英翻譯(fny)技巧一、分清(fn qng)主從 (Subordination)漢語句中各分句關(guān)系比較松散，所以在動(dòng)筆前應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析句子要旨(yozh)所在。句中重點(diǎn)往往在后。英譯時(shí)，要突出重點(diǎn)或主句，其他部分可分別用介詞短語，非謂語動(dòng)詞形式或各種從句表示。1、 沒有農(nóng)業(yè)，人們就不能生存，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)就不能繼續(xù)下去。Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social productionproceed.2、 他們一聽到“反霸”就火冒三丈,這充分暴露了他們那霸權(quán)主義的蠻橫嘴臉。The fact that they fly int

2、o a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.3、 有人以為社會(huì)主義就了不起，一點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)也沒有，哪有這個(gè)事?Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How canthat be true?4、 但是，象我們常說的那樣，道路總是曲折的，前途總是光明的。But as we have often sai

3、d, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、 選詞用字 （Diction）在漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意選找與原文中在意義上和風(fēng)味上盡可能都類似的詞語。1、每個(gè)民族都有它的長處，不然它為什么能存在？為什么能發(fā)展？Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?2、樹雄心，立壯志，向科學(xué)技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)軍。Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward

4、 for the revolutionof modernization of science and technology.3、 我國的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，需要一個(gè)和平的國際環(huán)境，需要一個(gè)國內(nèi)安定團(tuán)結(jié)，天下大治的局面。For its socialist construction, China needs an international environmentof peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.4、論技術(shù)，她那時(shí)還不如我，但思想?yún)s比我高得多。Professionally she was then

5、not yet my equal, but ideologically she washead and shoulders above me.三、增益 （Ampification）漢譯英時(shí)的“增益”技巧的運(yùn)用,有時(shí)是為了使英美人理解原文的精確含義,有時(shí)是為了遵循英語的行文習(xí)慣。1、交出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方。這樣才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over againand see if there anything in it to be corrected o

6、r improved. Only then canyou do your work well.（英語行文時(shí)人稱代詞，物主代詞用得較多）2、她挑水，生爐子，洗東西，忙個(gè)不停。Fetching water, building the fire, washing - she had her hands full everyminute. (增益為了意譯)3、他們一聽說有新任務(wù)，就坐不往了。When they learnt that theyd been given a new task, they just couldnt sit still any longer. (增加not any longe

7、r 表示“不再”.)4、會(huì)用就了不得,不會(huì)(b hu)用就一文不值.It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you dont it is notworth a single penny. (增加(zngji)連詞與代詞)三、 省略(shngl)法.(Omission)漢語不怕重復(fù),英語中有相同的詞語常可省略,行文較簡練。漢語中出于行文需要而沒有實(shí)意的一些詞語在英譯時(shí)也要省略。1、我們要培養(yǎng)分析問題，解決問題的能力。We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve probl

8、ems.（只用一個(gè)problems）2、我已提前完成了任務(wù)，他也提前完成了。Ive fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.3、中國人民歷來是勇于探索，勇于創(chuàng)造，勇于革命的。The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe intothings, to make inventions and to make revolution.（只用一個(gè)courageous enough ）4、質(zhì)子帶陽電，電子帶陰電，而中子既不帶陽電，也不帶陰電。A prot

9、on has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but aneutron has neither.五、轉(zhuǎn)換 （Conversion）漢語中的某些詞類在英譯時(shí)常常要根據(jù)英語的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的另一類詞，更符合英語的慣用法。不僅如此，有時(shí)整個(gè)句式也要轉(zhuǎn)換。1、一定要少說空話，多做工作。There must be less empty talk and more hard work.(漢語中的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語中的名詞)2、警察把那個(gè)孩子的胳臂抓得更緊了，叫嚷道：“學(xué)規(guī)矩點(diǎn)!”Tightening his hold on the bo

10、ys arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞結(jié)構(gòu))、口試時(shí)問了她十個(gè)問題,她一一答對了。She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.（主動(dòng)式轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)式句型）、語言這個(gè)東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的，非下苦功不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.(句式不同但意思完全相同)六、詞序調(diào)整。（Inversion）每種

11、語言都有自己的自然語序，翻譯時(shí)要注意入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。特別要注意英譯時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的詞序。1、 這個(gè)茶會(huì)是由倫敦泰晤士報(bào)的高級記者約翰先生舉行的。The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of TheTimes, London.（英譯時(shí)姓名在前，職務(wù)在后）2、 我們上星期天在她家盡情地吃了一頓。We ate to our hearts content at her home last Sunday.(漢語的狀語排列：時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式英語的排列是： 方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間）3、我們從來沒有看見過這樣光明的前途。Never have we seen s

12、o bright a future before us.(英語中Never開頭的句子詞序要倒裝)4、荷花(hhu)雖好，也要綠葉扶持。With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.( With 的特殊用法，表示(biosh)讓步，用在句首)七、正說(zhn shu)反譯，反說正譯。（Negation）英漢兩種語言都有自己的約定俗成的正反說法，這在英譯時(shí)要時(shí)刻注意到。英語中有些詞匯本身就有否定的意思，要善于利用，如 fail, without, beyond, until, unless, in

13、stead of 等；、我認(rèn)為他不對。他昨天沒有露面。I dont think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.(正說反譯，反說正譯)、證據(jù)確鑿，毋庸置疑。The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反說正譯)、那件事沒有減弱我們的決心，反倒增強(qiáng)了我們的決心。That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.( or: That strengthened, rather th

14、an weakened, our determination.)4、 會(huì)議開得冷冷清清，有時(shí)甚至開不下去了。The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions thatat times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正說反譯，反說正譯)八、長句拆譯。 （Division）翻譯時(shí)隨意斷句是不足取的，但為了忠實(shí)并通順地轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)原意，仔細(xì)分析后，在保持原文風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)的前提下，適當(dāng)?shù)財(cái)嗑涞癸@得更自然有力。長句拆譯時(shí)往往要綜合使用學(xué)到的種種技巧。、我們的一般企業(yè)很少注意

15、經(jīng)濟(jì)效果，廣泛存在著勞動(dòng)無定員，生產(chǎn)無定額，質(zhì)量無檢查，成本無核算的現(xiàn)象，在人力、物力、財(cái)力上造成很多浪費(fèi)。Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly pra

16、ctised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.(因?yàn)樵L句結(jié)尾處是表判斷帶有總結(jié)性的分句，所以在這里斷句譯較好)、人民的覺悟是不容易的，要去掉人民頭腦中的錯(cuò)誤思想，需要我們做很多切切實(shí)實(shí)的工作。The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.(原句中包含著從一般到細(xì)節(jié)

17、的過渡，斷句分譯才使譯文更有條理)、一定要言行一致，理論與實(shí)踐密切結(jié)合，反對華而不實(shí)和任何虛夸，少說空話，多做工作，扎扎實(shí)實(shí)，埋頭苦干。Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated

18、.長句拆譯方面對初學(xué)者來說有些偏深，故不多舉例了。作為有心人認(rèn)真探索是大有好處的。以上我們探討了如何在漢譯英時(shí)把“英譯漢”的翻譯技巧加以利用,以求得英語行文正確與合理.現(xiàn)在我們要從另一個(gè)角度來分析漢譯英.也就是從語法上著手，縱橫結(jié)合。通過這樣學(xué)習(xí)，對提高實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語的能力有極其重要的作用。因?yàn)闈h語的句子我們可以一目十行，怎么樣地道地用英語表達(dá)才是我們“翻譯法”的終極目標(biāo).一、漢語中無詞形變化，但仔細(xì)分析一下，我們都能明確其中各詞屬于什么詞性。英語中詞形變化很重要，名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)變化，冠詞有定冠詞和不定冠詞，形容詞、副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的變化以及各種非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同用

19、法。這要求我們在漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)該看好英語的詞法與句法的統(tǒng)一。、年輕人宜彬彬有禮。Modesty becomes a young man.（注意(zh y)動(dòng)詞的變化與冠詞的用法）、鳥鳴山更幽。It seems to be more lonesome in the mountains when birds are singing.（形容詞比較級，名詞復(fù)數(shù)(fsh)，動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)）、從各方面來考慮，他的命運(yùn)(mngyn)是幸福的。Taking all things into consideration, his lot is a happy one.(分詞的獨(dú)立主格用法，冠詞的正確使用)、使事情更糟的，

20、天又下起雨來了。To make the matter worse, it began to rain.（不定式作獨(dú)立主格）二、漢語中存在著無主句（沒有主語的句子）。英語中除祈使句之外，一般都必須有主語。所以在漢譯英時(shí)，應(yīng)經(jīng)常推敲要選那一個(gè)詞來當(dāng)主語，一般可加上I, we, you, they等（常泛指人們）作主語以及加上相應(yīng)的物主代詞。有時(shí)也采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來翻譯。、拾煤渣也要放聰明點(diǎn)兒，常常換換地方。為的不受那些野男孩子的欺負(fù)。Even when scrounging for cinder you had to have your wits about you and shift from pl

21、ace to place to avoid those mischievous boys who banded together to collect cinders, too.(用you作主語，再加上相關(guān)的代詞your.)2、真是一個(gè)錢撕成八瓣用，心里總想著怎樣能夠改善家里的困境。Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my minds for ways to improve our difficult conditions.（翻譯時(shí)用I 作主語并增加相關(guān)的物主代詞）、對革命高潮的客觀條件與主觀力量區(qū)分不清楚，不知道

22、主觀的群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)對促成革命高潮到來的作用。No clear distinction was made between the objective condition and the subjective strength involved in a revolutionary upsurge. We did not understand the importance of the mass movement, the subjective element, in helping to bring about a revolutionary upsurge.（漢語中屬無主句，英譯時(shí)增添主語we）3

23、、 村里辦了小學(xué)，開設(shè)了糧站和衛(wèi)生所。A primary school, a grain station and a clinic have been set up in the village.（漢譯英時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）三、漢語中詞與詞之間，短語與短語之間，分句與分句之間很少用連詞。而在這種場合下英語一定要使用連詞，表示各成份之間的關(guān)系。漢語的特點(diǎn)是“意合”,這種簡潔性曾被著名的美國語言學(xué)家愛德華.薩皮爾描繪為是一種有著“合理的邏 輯性”的語言。英語行文重在“形合”.所以在該使用連詞and 時(shí)決不可漏掉。其它各種從屬連詞的使用也很重要。、我們是革命戰(zhàn)爭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，組織者，我們又是群眾生活的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者

24、，組織者。We are the leaders and organizers of the revolutionary wars as well as the leaders and organizers of the life of the masses.(連詞 and, as well as 在這里一定要用)、小伙子走了.夕陽下,她躺在草地上等著。The young man left, and she lay waiting on the grass in the evening sun.(這里連詞and 起了合句的作用,合句與斷句相對,也是一種重要的翻譯技巧.)、海洋覆蓋了地球表面的%,

25、是全球生命支持系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)基本組成部分,也是資源的寶庫,環(huán)境的重要調(diào)節(jié)器.The ocean, which covers 71% of the earths surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.(主語后面有三個(gè)并列的謂語:覆蓋了,是,也是 .但仔細(xì)分析可看出,“覆蓋了地球表面的”說明了一個(gè)人們已知的客觀事實(shí)，句子的重點(diǎn)在后面。因此譯文

26、用了一個(gè)定語從句來處理(chl)前面的分句，而用謂語集中處理后半句的內(nèi)容。)、中國在自己發(fā)展的長河中，形成了優(yōu)良(yuling)的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。這些傳統(tǒng)，隨著時(shí)代變遷和社會(huì)進(jìn)步獲得揚(yáng)棄和發(fā)展。In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or sublated with the changes of the times and social progress.（原文

27、是兩句話，第一句在句末提出“歷史文化傳統(tǒng)”，第二句接著加以發(fā)揮。兩句話雖在內(nèi)容上緊密相連，但在形式上都是兩個(gè)并列的句子，互相沒有從屬關(guān)系。漢語(Hny)行文“意合”,我們就應(yīng)該用英語的“形合”表示出來,所以使用了從屬連詞which 把兩句連在一起,變成一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句.四、意譯法的正確使用。翻譯過程本身充滿矛盾，筆者認(rèn)為主要矛盾在于意合與形合之爭。根據(jù)我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的目的來看，我更偏重于意合，說穿了就是意譯。因?yàn)橥痪錆h語可用多種英語句型表達(dá)，反之亦然。一般情況下，意思說對了就行了，那在什么情況下用意譯較好呢？（一），如果照原句的字眼直接譯成英語，你又不熟悉對應(yīng)詞的相關(guān)的用法，就容易引起誤會(huì)，這時(shí)

28、應(yīng)使用意譯法，以確切傳達(dá)原意為準(zhǔn)。1、村里的居民，全不在他眼睛里。He looked down upon all the inhabitants of the village.2、誰料這小子竟謀了他的飯碗去。Who could have thought that this low fellow would steal his living from him.3、他惹了一肚子的氣，回來氣的一整夜也沒睡著。Being absolutely enraged, he was much too angry to sleep that night.4、他說“如今沒奈何，把你雇在間壁人家放牛。”“There

29、s no way out but to set you to work looking after over neighbors baffalo.”（二）、按原文正面譯出，譯文語言不好處理時(shí)，可以采用反面著筆的意譯法，也就是我們所談到的“正說反譯,反說正譯”的技巧。1、那趙家的狗，何以看我兩眼呢？我怕的有理。Why should the Zhaos dog give me two glances of the eye? My fear is nota groundless one.2、那小女孩接受了禮物，愛玩不忍釋手。The little girl accepted the gift, lik

30、ing it so much that she could scarcely take his eyes off it.3、忽視這一點(diǎn)就不能掌握和運(yùn)用世界上先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)成果，不能很好地解決我國建設(shè)中遇到的重大問題。Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.4、過

31、街愈當(dāng)心愈好。 禮貌是值得盡量尊重的。You cannot be too careful in crossing the street.Good manners cannot be too much valued.（三）、用意譯法比字面直譯更能確切反映原意時(shí)。（漢語成語，俗語，詩歌翻譯等）1、山不在高，有仙則名。Any mountains can be famous with the presence of an immortal.2、 a)，引人矚目 b)，溫厚儒雅 c)，掄灘上海 d)，大展鴻圖a), attractive b), pacific c),swarm in Shanghaid

32、), very well realize ones ambition3、三個(gè)和尚無水吃。Everybodys business is nobodys business.4、前不見古人，后不見來者。念天地(tind)之悠悠，獨(dú)愴然而涕下。Before me, unseen are the ancients,Behind me, unseen those to come,Thinking of this infinite universeAlone, in my sorrow, I shed tears.（四）、有時(shí)為了適應(yīng)某種文字體裁(tci)的要求，譯文只譯出原作的大意。（如圖片說明詞，展覽會(huì)

33、上的實(shí)物介紹等）1、 區(qū)中心(zhngxn)大道Plant Central Avenue2、“躍馬擒敵”Hunting Down the Enemy3、湄洲島位于臺(tái)灣海峽通道里,是莆田市湄洲灣上的一個(gè)小島,面積平方公里,人口.萬多,因供奉媽祖的“湄洲祖廟”聞名世界。Located in the Taiwan Straits, Meizhou Island is a small island with a total area of 14 square kilometers and a population of 35thousand. It is well-known home and abr

34、oad for the first Mazu Temple.4、二百公里航道上，遍布著無數(shù)險(xiǎn)灘。險(xiǎn)灘上，江流洶涌，回旋激蕩，水擊礁石，浪花飛濺，聲如雷鳴。Numerous shoals scattered over the 200kms course give rise to many eddies.Pounding on the midstream rocks, the river roars thunderously.掌握一些常用的英漢，漢英對譯的翻譯技巧可以激發(fā)高中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。因?yàn)閷W(xué)了就會(huì)用，一勞永逸，簡直是文字游戲。我們視之為學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中的一種有用的思維工具，不應(yīng)該把它定位于

35、教學(xué)法。毋寧說這是一種學(xué)習(xí)法，或“應(yīng)付考試法”更確切。在解答數(shù)學(xué)題時(shí)，我們曾用過歸納法、演繹法、歸謬法等，為什么我們在解答英語習(xí)題時(shí)不可用翻譯法呢？下面有道漢譯英練習(xí)。第一部分著重某一種技巧的運(yùn)用，第二部分要運(yùn)用二種以上的技巧。參考答案與提示并不是唯一的。你可以自己創(chuàng)新，寫出更美、更富有表現(xiàn)力的句子。愿同學(xué)們青出于藍(lán)勝于藍(lán)。（一）1、我們不是為食而生，乃是為生而食。（增益，加連詞）2、良藥苦口利于病。（選詞用字）3、那大學(xué)的入學(xué)試題很難，我不知能否考取。（分清主從）4、似乎有稍加說明的必要。（增益，加主語）5、做人不可醉生夢死。（找主語意譯）6、中國古話說，女子無才便是德。（正說反譯，反說正譯

36、）7、公平地說一句，他一直是一個(gè)好丈夫，也是一個(gè)好父親。（不定式用法）8、我覺得那問題很難解決。（詞序調(diào)整）9、我們的身體和衣服都要保持清潔，以免生病。（轉(zhuǎn)換并句）10、我國向來尊重學(xué)問。（無主句，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）11、太陽落山了，我們回家去。（分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）12、請代我謝謝他的禮物。（選詞用字句13、言歸正傳，他們當(dāng)天便結(jié)婚了。（不定式用法）14、貪愛錢財(cái)是萬惡之源。（轉(zhuǎn)換詞類）15、他賺了一大筆錢，他母親高興極了。（并句）16、他易于滿足。（選詞用字）17、知人知面不知心。（無主句，加主語）18、人誰無過。（增益，加介詞）19、不自由(zyu)毋寧死。（反說正譯）20、幾家歡樂幾家愁。（增益(

37、zngy)，加連詞）21、他硬不肯(b kn)聽，要我怎樣去說服他。（并句）22、人生不滿百，常懷千歲憂。（選詞用字）23、如果合算的話，我就接受那個(gè)工作。（選詞用字）24、各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部必須提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平。（選詞用字）25、打得贏就打，打不贏就走。（增益）26、憑舟極目望去，遠(yuǎn)處是黛色青山和五彩斑斕的田野。（增益）27、前怕龍后怕虎的態(tài)度不能造就干部。（省略）28、獲悉貴國遭受地震，我們極為關(guān)切。（轉(zhuǎn)換）29、這些新型汽車速度快，效率高，行動(dòng)靈活。（省略）30、使我們失望的是他不顧大局。（反說正譯）II1、小國人民敢于起來斗爭，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己國家的命運(yùn)，就一定能夠戰(zhàn)勝大國的侵略。（分清主

38、從，詞序調(diào)整）2、天下大亂達(dá)到天下大治。（選詞用字，轉(zhuǎn)換）3、不學(xué)會(huì)技術(shù)，長期當(dāng)外行，管理也搞不好。（分清主從，增益）4、雷鋒的形象，教育我們，鼓舞我們。（增益，省略）5、在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，依靠廣大人民群眾的力量，是我們戰(zhàn)勝一切困難的根本保證。（轉(zhuǎn)換，找出合適的主語）6、一九四二年十一月，德國法西斯軍隊(duì)在斯大林格勒附近大敗。（詞序調(diào)整，被動(dòng)語態(tài)）7、這充分表明我們黨興旺發(fā)達(dá)，后繼有人。（正說反譯，反說正譯）8、不辜負(fù)全國人民和全世界人民對我們的希望。（反說正譯，詞序調(diào)整）9、對于這些人，并不發(fā)生刺激與否的問題，刺激也是那樣，不刺激也是那樣，因?yàn)樗麄兪欠磩?dòng)派。（長句拆譯，分清主從）10、人民的覺悟是

39、不容易的，要去掉人民頭腦中的錯(cuò)誤思想，需要我們做很多切切實(shí)實(shí)的工作。（長句拆譯，增益，轉(zhuǎn)換）參考譯文：1、 We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live.2、 Good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for a disease.3、 As the examination questions of that university are very difficult,I doubt if (It is uncertain that) I shall pass the entranc

40、e examination.4、A few words of explanation appear necessary.5、One must not sleep or dream ones life away.6、 An old Chinese proverb says that too much learning does not become a woman.7、To do him justice, he has always been a good husband and a good father.8、 I found it difficult to solve that proble

41、m.9、 We should keep our bodies and clothes clean not to be attacked by illness.10、 Learning has always been held in high esteem in our country.11、 The sun having set, we went home.12、 Return him my best thanks for the present.13、 To return to the subject, they got married the very day.14、 The love o

42、f money is the root of all evil.15、 To the joy of his mother, he won a lot of money.16、He is content with very little.17、 We know mens faces, not their minds.18、Among men who is faultless?19、Give me liberty or give me death.20、 Some families are making merry while others are suffering from poverty.2

43、1、 How can I convince him when he will not listen?22、 A man does not live a hundred years, yet he worries enough for a thousand.23、 I will undertake the work, if it pays.24、 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.25、 Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.26、 Leaning

44、against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeous fields in the far distance.27、 “fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.28、 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.29、 These new cars were fast, efficient and hand

45、y.30、 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.II1、 The people of a small country can defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their hands the destiny of their own country.2、 Great disorder across

46、the land leads to great order.3、 If they dont learn any technical skills and remain outsiders for a long time, they dont be able to do management well either.4、 The brilliant image of Lei Feng educates and inspires us.5、 Leadership by the Party and reliance on the strength of the masses are the fund

47、amental guarantees for overcoming all difficulties.6、 The German fascist army was badly defeated at Stalingrad in November 1942.7、 This fully shows that our Party is flourishing and has no lack of successors.8、 Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.9、 With

48、 regard to such reactionaries, the questions of irritating does not arise. Irritated or not, they will remain the same because they are reactionaries.10、 The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.“深入淺出”這個(gè)成語原意是指把深?yuàn)W

49、的內(nèi)容用淺顯的言語表達(dá)出來，英語可譯為：“explain the profound in simple terms”。翻譯法學(xué)英語也可算是深入淺出。但應(yīng)作別解。學(xué)習(xí)翻譯法不太容易，所以要深入；但學(xué)會(huì)了之后，就很好用了，可以“淺出”。因此也具有深入淺出的含義。有點(diǎn)“踏破鐵鞋無處覓,得來全不費(fèi)工夫”的意境了.下面四篇漢語短文,與英語書面表達(dá)所要求的程度相近。動(dòng)手(dng shu)試譯一下，你一定會(huì)感到太好譯了，簡直是小菜一碟。恭喜你成功了！一大家請注意，有事要通知。十二月日星期五下午點(diǎn)在學(xué)校演講廳有個(gè)講座。主講人是人民日報(bào)的張力先生，他準(zhǔn)備演講的內(nèi)容(nirng)是中美關(guān)系。要求大家都要出席。請認(rèn)

50、真聽講并做好筆記。如有問題要問，請寫在紙條上然后傳給講演人。講座結(jié)束后，我們要在班上討論。不要遲到。就這些(zhxi)了。謝謝大家。二親愛的編輯(binj)同志：我的家鄉(xiāng)以前是個(gè)美麗的地方。到處都可見到濃密的樹木和綠色的草地。人們?yōu)榱私ㄔ旆课?fngw)、墾荒多種莊稼，越來越多的樹木砍倒了。幾乎整座森林隨著歲月的流逝而遭毀滅。逐漸形成了這種情況，青山變成荒地，河流干涸。結(jié)果沙塵暴時(shí)時(shí)侵襲我們的家園，我們深受其害。所以我多么希望全民應(yīng)該體會(huì)到?jīng)]有保護(hù)環(huán)境而產(chǎn)生的可怕的后果。還有，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)那座森林并多植樹，不要只是為了改善生活而亂砍伐。三隨著邁進(jìn)電腦時(shí)代，我們感到生活上與電腦息息相關(guān)。有成千上

51、萬種電腦學(xué)習(xí)軟件及電腦游戲，新花樣層出不窮。然而，不同的人們對電腦的利用大相徑庭。我校很多學(xué)生借助電腦課程，學(xué)習(xí)上已突飛猛進(jìn)。同樣的時(shí)間里，有些學(xué)生玩起電腦游戲來依依不舍，這使他們學(xué)習(xí)上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地落后于同班同學(xué)。甚至有些同學(xué)成了流生。據(jù)我看來，我們應(yīng)該充分合理地利用電腦。電腦能擴(kuò)大我們的知識(shí)面，拓寬我們的胸懷。我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)埋頭于電腦游戲中毀滅自己。四多虧希望工程的實(shí)施，一所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。以前這學(xué)校叫做李家莊小學(xué)。由于家庭困難交不起學(xué)費(fèi)，大部分學(xué)生輟學(xué)了。那座僅有的危房要用來做教室。所有的教師們共住一間。操場上除了空地什么也沒有?，F(xiàn)在情況可不同了。輟學(xué)兒童都回校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。一座雙層的教學(xué)樓直

52、立在校園內(nèi)。有音樂室、美術(shù)室、還有教學(xué)用的電腦室。學(xué)校的體育器材配備精良。希望工程給李家莊小學(xué)帶來了極大的利益。出自這種原因，學(xué)校改名為“希望小學(xué)”。參考譯文： ，May I have your attention, please? I have something to tell you. There will be a lecture in the school auditorium at 2:00 pm. December 8,Friday. The lecture will be given by Mr. Zhang Li from the Peoples Daily. He is g

53、oing to speak about the Sino-American relations. Everybody is required to be present. Please listen attentively and take notes. If anybody has a question, please write it down on a slip of paper and pass it to the speaker. After the lecture, well have a discussion in class.Dont be late.Thats all. Th

54、ank you!II,Dear editor,In the past my hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills hav

55、e changed into wasteland and the river has dried. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot. So, I do hope all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment. Whats more, we should take good care of the forests and plant more tree

56、s instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.III,As we step into the computer age, we find our lives more and more connected with computers. There are thousands of learning software and computer games and new ones are coming each day.However, different people make different

57、use of computers. In my school, lots of students have made rapid progress in their study with the help of computer-based learning programs. Meanwhile, some students find it hard to pull themselves away from computer games, which makes them fall far behind their classmates in their study. Some even h

58、ave dropped out of school.In my opinion, wed make best use of computers. Computers can broaden our knowledge as well as our minds. We shouldnt ruin ourselves by burying ourselves into playing computer games.IV,Thanks to the Hope project, great changes have taken place in a country school.This school

59、 used to be called Lijiazhuang School. Most of its pupils left school because their families were too poor to pay for their education. The only unsafe schoolhouse had to be used as classrooms. And all the teachers shared one room. The playground was nothing but an open land.Things are different now.

60、 All the children who left school have come to continue their studies. In the schoolyard stands a two-storeyed teaching building. There are rooms for music, art and computer teaching. The school is well equipped with sports goods.The Project benefits the school a great deal. For this reason, it was