考研英語(yǔ)閱讀情感態(tài)度題勝經(jīng)

1、考研英語(yǔ)閱讀情感態(tài)度題勝經(jīng)情感態(tài)度題概述：情感態(tài)度題分為兩種，即全文情感態(tài)度題和局部情感態(tài)度題。全文情感態(tài)度題，是指作者對(duì)于全文論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象的情感態(tài)度；局部情感態(tài)度題，是指作者對(duì)于文章的非論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象的情感態(tài)度或者是指除作者以外的其他人對(duì)于論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象或非論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象的情感態(tài)度。 例如，假設(shè)一篇文章的論點(diǎn)是豬是所有動(dòng)物中游泳最快的動(dòng)物，并且為了證明這個(gè)論點(diǎn)，文章中的論據(jù)部分講到了Smith先生說(shuō)，“狗這個(gè)動(dòng)物游泳也很快”。那么題目問(wèn)我們作者對(duì)于豬是什么情感態(tài)度的題目就是全文情感態(tài)度題，因?yàn)樗亲髡邔?duì)于全文論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象的情感態(tài)度；而如果問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于狗的情感態(tài)度或Smith對(duì)于狗或豬的情感態(tài)度的

2、什么的題目就是局部情感態(tài)度題，因?yàn)樗鼈兪亲髡邔?duì)于文章的非論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象的情感態(tài)度或者是指除作者以外的其他人對(duì)于論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象或非論點(diǎn)談?wù)搶?duì)象的情感態(tài)度?？佳械奈恼氯渴莵?lái)源于英美國(guó)家國(guó)內(nèi)雜志上發(fā)表過(guò)的議論文，那么根據(jù)議論的特點(diǎn)議論的論點(diǎn)必須鮮明。如果一個(gè)論點(diǎn)不鮮明的文章投稿的話，報(bào)社自然是不會(huì)采用的，因?yàn)槟鞘且黄茉愀獾淖h論文。而如果這個(gè)議論文談?wù)摰脑掝}是男女平等的問(wèn)題的話，那么作者的情感態(tài)度必然是支持男女平等的。在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)是不會(huì)有人寫支持男女不平等的文章的，更沒(méi)有哪個(gè)報(bào)社敢刊登這樣的“大逆不道”的文章的。所以因?yàn)槲覀兛疾斓奈恼率亲h論文，這樣就在某種程度上決定了我們?cè)谧銮楦袘B(tài)度題目的時(shí)候必須按照議

3、論文的特征來(lái)解答。議論文的特征也正是情感態(tài)度題的命題的邏輯的缺陷，成為我們解題的關(guān)鍵。下面詳細(xì)的講解情感態(tài)度題的解題方法：全文情感態(tài)度題(一)情感態(tài)度題選項(xiàng)核心詞匯(1)必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞：indifferent,漠不關(guān)心的意思，這個(gè)詞永遠(yuǎn)不能成為正確答案，因?yàn)槿绻髡邔?duì)于論點(diǎn)談?wù)摰脑掝}不關(guān)心的話怎么可能去寫一篇450字左右的文章呢？既然寫了就一定是關(guān)心的；相近詞匯有：disinterested, impassive;suspicion,懷疑的意思，它的形容詞是suspicious，議論文的論點(diǎn)必須是鮮明的，作者已經(jīng)把文章寫完了又怎么可能會(huì)依舊懷疑自己的論點(diǎn)呢？如果懷疑又怎么有自信把

4、自己的文章郵寄到報(bào)社發(fā)表呢？報(bào)社又怎么可能發(fā)表呢？既然報(bào)社不可能發(fā)表那我們的命題者又是怎么找到文章的呢？所以這個(gè)詞永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為正確答案的；相近詞匯有：questioned,questionable, puzzled, puzzling, gloomy; neutral,中立的意思，議論文的論點(diǎn)必須有傾向性，必須鮮明，因此不選。(2)必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞sensitive,敏感的意思，這個(gè)詞匯是萬(wàn)能選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)槿魏巫h論文作者必然是對(duì)論點(diǎn)談?wù)摰膶?duì)象是敏感的，否則就不會(huì)寫這樣的議論文了。因此這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是適合任何議論文的作者的全文情感態(tài)度的，只有在確定排除其他選項(xiàng)的情況下，才可以成為正確答

5、案，一般是直接排除。因?yàn)槿f(wàn)能選項(xiàng)不能考察考生的閱讀理解文章的能力，如果可以成為正確答案的話，大家看見(jiàn)就選那這個(gè)題目出的還有什么意思？沒(méi)有任何難度。它的相近詞匯有：concerned;biased,有偏見(jiàn)的意思，如果這個(gè)詞是正確答案的話，也就是說(shuō)命題者任何作者的觀點(diǎn)是有偏見(jiàn)，即命題者是完全否認(rèn)作者的這個(gè)文章的，而如果命題者已經(jīng)完全否定了這個(gè)文章又怎么可能再把在他眼睛里的“垃圾”拿來(lái)考你呢？因此不選。相近詞匯有：prejudice;scared,害怕的意思，如果作者對(duì)于他自己談?wù)摰脑掝}很害怕他怎么會(huì)郵寄到報(bào)社去發(fā)表呢？不郵寄到報(bào)社，報(bào)社又怎么發(fā)表呢？因此也不可能成為正確的答案的。相近詞匯有：afr

6、aid, fear;(3)可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞objective,客觀的意思，有人要問(wèn)具有褒義色彩的中性詞和中性詞有什么區(qū)別？它們的區(qū)別就是中性詞沒(méi)有任何的傾向性，而具有褒義色彩的中性詞本身雖然是中性詞，但是它們確實(shí)有褒義傾向的。因此可以成為正確的答案。impartial,公正的、沒(méi)有偏袒的意思，解釋同上。surprised,驚訝的意思，相近詞匯有：amazed;(4)可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞critical,批評(píng)的意思，作者在寫議論文的時(shí)候完全批評(píng)一個(gè)事物；approve，同意的意思，它的反意詞是：disapprove;positive，積極的意思，它的反意詞是：

7、passive=negative；optimistic，樂(lè)觀的意思，它的反意詞是：pessimistic；在考試中是不是說(shuō)只有以上歸納的詞匯成為全文情感態(tài)度題的選項(xiàng)呢？答案當(dāng)然是否定的?？荚囍胁豢赡苤挥幸陨系脑~匯成為選項(xiàng)的。以上的選項(xiàng)只是從歷年真題中提煉出來(lái)的歸納和總結(jié)，具有代表意義。希望大家在以后的解題過(guò)程中把每個(gè)不在以上范圍內(nèi)的詞匯根據(jù)以上的解析歸納到以上的范圍內(nèi)，這樣有助于我們解題。(二)情感態(tài)度題解題步驟(1)看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；(2)看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；(3)看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的相近選項(xiàng)；例如一個(gè)題目中的選項(xiàng)如下：A

8、.identical(一致的); B. similar(相似的); C.complementary(相互補(bǔ)充的); D.opposite(相反的);因此這個(gè)題目選擇D；(4)看選項(xiàng)，保留選項(xiàng)中可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞和可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；(5)看題干，判斷情感態(tài)度指向的對(duì)象；(6)判斷該對(duì)象的性質(zhì)；如果該對(duì)象與倫理道德觀念相吻合，那么應(yīng)該選擇含有可以成為正確答案的褒義詞的選項(xiàng)；比如尊師重道；如果該對(duì)象與倫理道德觀念不相吻合，那么應(yīng)該選擇含有可以成為正確答案的貶義詞的選項(xiàng)；比如作奸犯科；如果該對(duì)象與倫理道德觀念沒(méi)有關(guān)系，那么應(yīng)該選擇可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性

9、詞；比如經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)或衰弱；如果該對(duì)象與倫理道德的的關(guān)系還沒(méi)有形成定論，那么應(yīng)該選擇可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞；比如安樂(lè)死，我們的道德觀念不認(rèn)為一個(gè)人支持安樂(lè)死就說(shuō)他是邪惡的，也不會(huì)認(rèn)為一個(gè)人反對(duì)安樂(lè)死就說(shuō)他是殘忍的，我們的道德觀念而是允許發(fā)表任何言論。注1：如果判斷一個(gè)題目應(yīng)該選擇褒義詞，但是選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有褒義詞的時(shí)候應(yīng)該選擇具有褒義色彩的中性詞；反之亦然；注2：可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞成為正確答案的機(jī)率最大，其次是可以成為正確答案的褒義詞，最后是可以成為正確答案的貶義詞。(三)情感態(tài)度題真題演示 例1. The authors attitude towards euth

10、anasia seems to be that of .(1997)(A) opposition (B) suspicion (C) approval (D)indifference【解析】我們?cè)谧鋈那楦袘B(tài)度題時(shí)要嚴(yán)格的按照以上的解題方法和步驟去解題，不能跳躍，換而言之，我們必須能夠合上筆記本說(shuō)出上面的所有內(nèi)容才能確保我們?cè)谧鲞@樣的題目時(shí)萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。第一步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；據(jù)此排除了B和D；第二步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的詞匯；第三步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的相近選項(xiàng)；也沒(méi)有相近的選項(xiàng)；第四步：看選項(xiàng)，保留選項(xiàng)中可以

11、成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞和可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此保留A和C；第五步：看題干，判斷情感態(tài)度指向的對(duì)象；即euthanasia(安樂(lè)死)。第六步：判斷該對(duì)象的性質(zhì)；很顯然安樂(lè)死是屬于與倫理道德的關(guān)系還沒(méi)有形成定論的，所以應(yīng)該選擇可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞。但是本題中沒(méi)有可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞，因此根據(jù)注1應(yīng)該選擇褒義詞，所以這個(gè)題目選C。例2. The passage shows that the author is the present situation.(1997)(A) critical of (B) puzzled by (C) d

12、isappointed at (D) amazed at第一步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；據(jù)此排除了B；第二步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的詞匯；第三步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的相近選項(xiàng)；應(yīng)該排除A和C，因?yàn)锳是批評(píng)的意思，C是失望的意思；因?yàn)榕u(píng)了怎么可能會(huì)不失望呢？失望了又怎么能不批評(píng)呢？所以它們是相近選項(xiàng)排除；第四步：看選項(xiàng)，保留選項(xiàng)中可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞和可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此保留D；第五步：看題干，判斷情感態(tài)度指向的對(duì)象；即present situation. 根據(jù)文章知道present

13、 situation是指經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的話題；第六步：判斷該對(duì)象的性質(zhì)；很顯然經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的話題是屬于與倫理道德沒(méi)有關(guān)系的，所以應(yīng)該選擇可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞。因此所以這個(gè)題目選D。例3. The authors attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is .(1998)(A) impartial (B) subjective (C) biased (D) puzzling第一步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；據(jù)此排除了D；第二步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；據(jù)此排除

14、了C；第三步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的相近選項(xiàng)；本題沒(méi)有相近選項(xiàng)；第四步：看選項(xiàng)，保留選項(xiàng)中可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞和可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此保留A和B；第五步：看題干，判斷情感態(tài)度指向的對(duì)象；即“science vs. antiscience”，是指科學(xué)與反科學(xué)做斗爭(zhēng)的話題；第六步：判斷該對(duì)象的性質(zhì)；很顯然該對(duì)象與倫理道德觀念相吻合，那么應(yīng)該選擇含有可以成為正確答案的褒義詞的選項(xiàng)；但是根選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有褒義詞，根據(jù)注1這個(gè)題目應(yīng)該選A；例4. The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be .(1999)(A) bias

15、ed (B) indifferent (C) puzzling (D)objective第一步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；據(jù)此排除了B和C；第二步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；據(jù)此排除了A；第三步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的相近選項(xiàng)；本題沒(méi)有相近選項(xiàng)；第四步：看選項(xiàng)，保留選項(xiàng)中可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞和可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此保留D；第五步：看題干，判斷情感態(tài)度指向的對(duì)象；即issue，根據(jù)文章知道是指法庭對(duì)于消費(fèi)者受到商品傷害后的處理案件的態(tài)度的發(fā)展史的話題；第六步：判斷該對(duì)象的性質(zhì)；很顯然該對(duì)象與倫理道德的的關(guān)系還

16、沒(méi)有形成定論，那么應(yīng)該選擇可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞，所以選擇D；例5. Toward the new business wave, the writers attitude can be said to be .(2001)(A) optimistic (B) objective (C) pessimistic (D)biased第一步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；本題中沒(méi)有該選項(xiàng)；第二步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此排除D；第三步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的相近選項(xiàng)；本題中沒(méi)有這樣的選項(xiàng)；第四步：看選項(xiàng)，保留選項(xiàng)中可以成為正確答

17、案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞和可以成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此保留A、B和C；第五步：看題干，判斷情感態(tài)度指向的對(duì)象；即new business wave根據(jù)文章知道new business wave是指經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的話題；第六步：判斷該對(duì)象的性質(zhì)；很顯然經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的話題是屬于與倫理道德沒(méi)有關(guān)系的，所以應(yīng)該選擇可以成為正確答案的具有褒義色彩的中性詞。因此所以這個(gè)題目選B。例6. From the text we can see that the writer seems .(2002)(A) optimistic (B) sensitive. (C) gloomy (D) scared.第一步：看

18、選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的中性詞；本題中沒(méi)有該選項(xiàng)；第二步：看選項(xiàng)，排除選項(xiàng)中的必然不會(huì)成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞；因此排除B、C和D；所以這個(gè)題目應(yīng)該選擇A本章總結(jié)：以上的例題把從1994年到2005年的有關(guān)全文情感態(tài)度題全部列舉了出來(lái)，如果一種解題的方法可以使用每一年的真題，那么我們有什么理由不相信它依舊使用2006呢？在大家做各個(gè)輔導(dǎo)老師出的模擬題的時(shí)候必然會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們這里講的方法是不能通用在模擬題中的，這個(gè)不是說(shuō)我們的方法不靈了，而是那個(gè)出模擬題的人沒(méi)有對(duì)真題有深入的研究，是模擬題出的質(zhì)量有問(wèn)題，因此大家應(yīng)該批判的去做模擬題。局部情感態(tài)度題在我國(guó)的考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解試卷中局

19、部情感態(tài)度題極為罕見(jiàn)。在2003年和2004年連續(xù)兩年各考了2題，但是此前并沒(méi)有這樣的題型，而且在2005的試卷中也沒(méi)有考到。這個(gè)不能說(shuō)明這樣的題型不重要，相反只能說(shuō)明局部情感態(tài)度題是非常重要的，而且根據(jù)往年的得分統(tǒng)計(jì)來(lái)看，該題型得分非常低。究其原因是什么？我們先來(lái)研究這個(gè)四個(gè)題目，最后再回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。一、局部情感態(tài)度題與全文情感態(tài)度題的區(qū)別兩者其實(shí)雖然都是情感態(tài)度題，但是在本質(zhì)上他們沒(méi)有什么共同之處，在全文情感態(tài)度題里所有不可能成為正確答案的選項(xiàng)在這里都可以成為正確答案。而且他們的解題方法沒(méi)有任何共同之處。他們唯一的共同點(diǎn)就是都是情感態(tài)度題。二、局部情感態(tài)度題的解題步驟(一)根據(jù)局部對(duì)象或者

20、局部對(duì)象的主體找出本題的出題句；(二)在出題句(或稱得分句)中尋找含有感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子；(三)比較該感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選擇一個(gè)意思和該詞語(yǔ)最為接近的選項(xiàng)；三、局部情感態(tài)度題歷年真題解析例1、In recent years, railroads have been combiningwith each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for unde

21、r 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Nextyear, after a series of mergers is completed, justfour railroads will control well over 90 percent ofall the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reduc

22、tions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly,they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them

23、 by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.Shippers who feel they are being overc

24、harged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduc

25、es everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its theory to which many economists subs

26、cribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippe

27、r.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to

28、borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10. 2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going

29、 to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market. 52.What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?(2003)(A)Indifferent. (B) Supportive. (C) Indignant. (D) Apprehensive.【

30、解析】：第一步：根據(jù)局部對(duì)象或者局部對(duì)象的主體找出本題的出題句；根據(jù)該題的題干，我們可以依據(jù)many captive shippers找到本題目的出題句(得分句)為最后一段的第一句話。第二步：在出題句(或稱得分句)中尋找含有感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子；在最后一段的第一句中我們找到了worry這個(gè)單詞；第三步：比較該感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選擇一個(gè)意思和該詞語(yǔ)最為接近的選項(xiàng)；發(fā)現(xiàn)D不僅有理解的意思，還有憂慮的意思，因此本題選D；例2、It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in Califor

31、nia optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I e

32、ntered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some l

33、evel, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability

34、to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U. S. spent $12. 7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem will

35、ing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simplystop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get

36、out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Da

37、y OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.

38、Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we ha

39、ve. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives. 58.The authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of .(2003)(A) strong disapproval (B) reserved consent (C) slight contempt (D) enthusiastic

40、 support【解析】：第一步：根據(jù)局部對(duì)象或者局部對(duì)象的主體找出本題的出題句；根據(jù)該題的題干，我們可以依據(jù)Richard Lamms remark找到本題目的出題句(得分句)為第三段的最后一句話，但是這句話里并沒(méi)有作者的情感態(tài)度，只有Richard Lamm的看法，因此本句不是出題句(得分句)，但是可以肯定的是出題句就是該句附近。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在第四段第一句話說(shuō)I would not go that far.這里的I就是指作者，that是指Richard Lamm的看法，所以本句才是真正的出題句；第二步：在出題句(或稱得分句)中尋找含有感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子；這個(gè)句子中沒(méi)有一個(gè)單詞是有感情色彩的，

41、但是作為一個(gè)整體又是有感情色彩的，意思是作者不會(huì)和Richard Lamm走一樣遠(yuǎn)的。不會(huì)走一樣遠(yuǎn)并不是說(shuō)不走，只是說(shuō)沒(méi)有走的那么遠(yuǎn)，所以作者對(duì)于Richard Lamm的看法是局部的同意和支持的；第三步：比較該感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選擇一個(gè)意思和該詞語(yǔ)最為接近的選項(xiàng)；因此本題應(yīng)該選擇B；例3、When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing

42、 as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned

43、about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy

44、is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cau

45、tious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some mo

46、dest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by W

47、all Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about the

48、ir ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view

49、as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation? (20

50、04)(A) Optimistic. (B) Confused. (C) Carefree. (D) Panicked.【解析】：第一步：根據(jù)局部對(duì)象或者局部對(duì)象的主體找出本題的出題句；我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本題根本就沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的出題句。因?yàn)槲恼轮袥](méi)有the public這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。在沒(méi)有一樣的詞語(yǔ)的時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該尋找一個(gè)近意詞來(lái)替代。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在文章倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話中的Consumers即是指大眾，因此本句為出題句。第二步：在出題句(或稱得分句)中尋找含有感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子；在最后一段的第一句中我們找到了notin despair這個(gè)詞組，是沒(méi)有絕望的意思；第三步：比較該感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)或句子和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選擇

51、一個(gè)意思和該詞語(yǔ)最為接近的選項(xiàng)；發(fā)現(xiàn)A是樂(lè)觀的意思，是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思最為接近的選項(xiàng)；例4、Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowled

52、ge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Razitchs latest bock, Left Back: A Century of

53、Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation an

54、d control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on