大學(xué)英語精讀(第三版)Unit_610_講稿

1、College English Intensive ReadingBook OneUnit Six Sam Adams, Industrial EngineerTeaching PlanI. Objectives and Requirements：1. Reading and Writing Course 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1. To understand the term of “industrial engineering” and talk about “work efficiency”; 2. To understand the main idea and the humorous narra

2、tion.3. To understand the structure and writing strategy: subordinate conjunctions4. To master key words and phrases5. To conduct a series of listening and speaking tasks教學(xué)要求：1要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的中心思想和文章結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)會在寫作中恰當(dāng)使用從屬連接詞。2掌握新單詞、句型的使用方法；加強相關(guān)聽說訓(xùn)練：Health。3. 掌握閱讀技巧：快速尋找中心大意。教學(xué)建議： 1在教學(xué)過程中啟發(fā)學(xué)生開展關(guān)于“工作和學(xué)習(xí)效率”的探討，幫助和鼓

3、勵學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)過程中的存在的“效率問題”，改變自主學(xué)習(xí)、自我探究的學(xué)習(xí)方式，掌握必要的學(xué)習(xí)效率，培養(yǎng)大學(xué)校園中處理學(xué)習(xí)的能力和效率。2提供最新的資料背景知識，如industrial engineering; efficiency; background music等。2、Listening and Speaking CourseUnit 6: learn to people talk about health; listening training on Diets, Culture Shock, the Flu and An Appointment; .Comprehensive Exerc

4、ises BookUnit 6: The students finish the exercises in their spare time.II. Teaching arrangement & Time AllotmentReading and Writing Course 6 periodsListening and Speaking Course 2 periods (every two weeks)III. Teaching MethodsCommunicative ApproachLearner-centered TeachingTask-based LearningTranslat

5、ion MethodMultimedia ApproachIV. Presentation ProceduresLecture notesText: Sam Adams, Industrial EngineerPart I. Background Information:1. Industrial Engineering (工業(yè)管理) and Industrial Engineers:Industrial engineering is the detailed analysis of the use and the cost of men , material and equipment in

6、 an organization, with a view to increasing its productivity, profit and efficiency. Those who are involved in this kind of analysis are called industrial engineers.Engineers can be classified into many types, such as construction engineer, production engineer, design engineer, and industrial engine

7、er. An industrial engineers duties are 1)to coordinate personnel, materials and machinery and 2) determine the most productive and efficient use of each. He helps plan the production line, designs and adapts details essential to the manufacturing of a product. 2. The American Educational System :In

8、the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:Kindergarten: before 5 years oldElementary school: 6-11 years old (Grades 16)middle school: 12-13 years old (G

9、rades 78)middle school: 14-17 years old (Grades 912) College: 4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degreeUniversity: 23 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 28 years for an Ph.D. 3. Background Music : Background music is music which is played quietly yet audibly. Such music is soothing with a relaxed rhythm and is ofte

10、n played with a reduced volume. It permits a person to continue shopping, working or talking without being distracted. Muzak is the name of one of the earliest companies to produce this type of music.（背景音樂一般聲音不大，但可以聽見。這種音樂節(jié)奏舒緩，聽起來很舒服，二屆音量經(jīng)常放的不高。這種音樂使人能夠繼續(xù)逛街、工作或談話不受其干擾?！翱娫恕笔亲钤缟a(chǎn)這種音樂的一個公司的名稱。）Part II

11、. Warm-up Activities:Step 1. T Introduces useful expressions about “efficiency”.Efficiency wage 績效工資工藝工業(yè)美術(shù) Industrial artElementary teacher 小學(xué)教師Upper class 上層社會擅長于熟練于 Expert at/on/in為打下/奠定基礎(chǔ) Lay the foundation for職業(yè)婦女 Career womenProject oneself 突出/表現(xiàn)自己單身未婚女子 bachelor girl短期貸款 Short-term loansRoll u

12、p ones sleeves 著手做事緩解壓力 Relieve pressureStep 2. Related Topic-centered Discussion(Group work)Are you a good listener?Are there more complaints than suggestions in your college life?Have you ever helped to solve any practical problems for others with the knowledge you learnt in school?How would you d

13、eal with your English learning efficiently?Or:_What is your ideal job? What had you ever dream to be when you were young?Do you think the habit of keeping everything in order will benefit ones future work? Why or why not? Or:_Do you consider yourself an efficient person?Do you think it a good habit

14、for a person to arrange everything in order in his daily life? Why or why not?Who does best in your family to keep your house clean and tidy? Say something in detail about it.Step 3. T makes a brief introduction to the efficiency and roles of Industrial Engineers.Part III. Text Analysis: Main Ideas:

15、 (Summary Writing)Sam Adams, a “born” industiral engineer.1)when a boy, he (是全家人的效率專家)was the efficiency expert for the whole family. He always wanted everything(安排得井井有條，整整齊齊) to be well organized and neat. For him, there was (樣樣?xùn)|西都有一個固定地方)a place for everything. 2) (大學(xué)畢業(yè)后)After graduation from the

16、college, he worked as a a temporary consultant in a shirt factory. 3) He was amazed at what he saw in that factory. After he (觀察)made observations for a week, he offered many suggestions to the manager. And he got a $100 check as a reward. . Judging from what is described in the text, the story must

17、 have taken place in the early 1950s. The US cam out of WWII as a “winner” with its industiral capacity intact(工業(yè)體系完備)。As a matter of fact, its industrial manufacturing potential was tapped to the full during the war with an efficiency unkown before. Afte the war, the idea that efficiency in operati

18、on wa the key to profits and success continued within industrial management. Small factories would occasionlally haire a consultatnt on a temporary basis in the convition that an industrial engineer or an efficiency exper could make them operate more efficiently.Structure: Sam gives a report on his

19、findings and his suggestions with a problem-solution path to improve the production.Mr. Hobbs thanks Sam and gives him some rewards.Problems Solutions/Suggestions1. shirt are often missing 1. Mr. Hobs himself should check the boxesbuttons, collars or even sleeves. of shirts before shipment./ quality

20、 control2. Woking tables are high and 2 working tables should be redesigned.unconfortable. 3. The walls of the workroom are 3. A. provide background music.a dull gray color; there are no breaks B. beautify the dull settingin the day; there is no music; C. have a 15-minute breakthe workers easily get

21、 bored. 4. The work flow is irregular; some 4. A. Those who do not work hard should be fired.young workers do not work hard B. assembly line redesigned. enough; some even daydream C. pay increase while working. D. promotionPart Division of the TextPartLineMain Idea11-12When a boy, Sam was the “effic

22、ient expert” for the family.213-20When a graduate, Sam was asked to work as a “consultant” in a shirt factory.321-38Sam was greatly surprised by the degree of disorder.439-56Sam put forward some suggestions for the improvement of production and was rewarded by the boss.Part IV. Learning points:1). F

23、ind out the active expressions:1. find out lean or discover 2. turn out happen to be or be found tobe in the end 3. result in have as a result; cause4. come in have or find a place; have a part to play5. look around walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs6. keep up with go or

24、 move as fast asTranslate the following into English:1.首先，流水線需要依靠團隊的力量，一分神就會耽誤其他人的效率（first of all; absent-minded）。 2. 一個具有良好管理才能的人才會讓她生活中的一切都井井有條（in place）。3. 這個項目是有利可圖的，因為短期貸款將會帶來長遠利益。4. 這份工作工資太低，此外，晉升前景也不大。5. 科技進步將人們從繁重的勞動中解救出來。 (Answers:)1. First of all, the assembly line depends on teamwork; one

25、 absent-minded worker will affect others efficiency. 2. A person with a good organizitional ability can put everything in his life in place.3. This project is profitable because the short-term loan will bring long-term benefit. 4. The salary for this job is too low, and furthermore, its promotinal p

26、rospects are slim.5. The progress in science and technology has relieved people of heavy labor. 2). Word UsingNew Words:1. efficiency: n. the quality of doing sth. Well with n o waste of time or money -she booked the plane tickets for us with great efficiency. -I was impressed by the efficiency with

27、 which she handled the crisis.2. quality: n. 1) degree of goodness-to be of good/poor/ top quality. Eg. 有些顧客投訴飯店的服務(wù)質(zhì)量很差-some customers complain of the poor quality of the service in the hotel.2) a part of persons character, esp. sth. good-Most of us willappreciate such personal qulities as honest an

28、d generosity. (我們大都欣賞誠實、寬容等個人品質(zhì)。)3. consult: v. sb. About sth.: advise 咨詢，請教 (with)sb. About/on sth.請教，向（專業(yè)人員）咨詢 = 3 * GB3 to look at sth. for information 查閱-Have you consulted your lawyer about this?- You shouldnt have done it without consulting me.- he will consult the dictionary whenever he comes

29、 across a new word.4. neat: adj. clean and tidy, orderly -Zola always keeps her kitchen neat and tidy. -The old man was neat about his dress though he was not rich. economical with time and effort; skilful; efficient-In the end we found a very neat solution to the problem.c.f. neat, tidy, & orderly這

30、些形容詞均含“整齊的，整潔的”之意。 neat 指人或物外表既清潔又整齊。例如： -His clothes were always neat and clean. tidy 強調(diào)整齊，井然有序。例如：-Andrews apartment is always so tidy. orderly 語義比上述幾個詞強，最常用。指把復(fù)雜細微的東西按其內(nèi)在聯(lián) 系安排整齊，強調(diào)井井有條。例如： -She needs to organize her ideas in a more orderly way. 5. inspect: v. = 1 * GB3 to look closely at sth./sb.

31、 esp. to check that everything is satisfactory -the policeman stopped his car and demaned to inspect his drivers license. = 2 * GB3 to visit offically 視察-The troops are ready for the visiting President to inspect.Cf.: inspect, examine & investigate 這些動詞都有“調(diào)查、檢查”之意。inspect 側(cè)重按一定質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢查某物，找出不足或不同之處。exa

32、mine 最普通用詞，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔細觀察或調(diào)查以確定事 物的性質(zhì)、功能、特點等。investigate 指為發(fā)現(xiàn)事實真相或了解掌握情況而進行深入細致的現(xiàn)場考察。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The study insvestigates the impact of violent TV programming on children. 2. I got out of the car to inspect the damage. 3. Th

33、e research examined the effects of alcohol on long-term memory. 4. She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully. 6. foundation: n. basis -The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.工人們正在給房子打地基。 -The workers are building the foundation of a house. -Thomas Jefferson laid th

34、e foundation of the U. S. A. Collocation: be without foundation (or have no foundation) 毫無根據(jù)lay the foundations of 為奠定基礎(chǔ)shake/rock the foundations of sth. 動搖的基礎(chǔ)(or shake/rock sth. to its foundations)CF: foundation, basis, base, & ground這些名詞均含有“基礎(chǔ)”之意。foundation 用于具體意義時，指堅固結(jié)實的建筑物的基礎(chǔ)或地基；用作 比喻意義時，與basis

35、基本相同。base 指構(gòu)成或支撐某一具體物體的基礎(chǔ)，也可指軍事基地或用作比喻意義。basis 主要用作抽象或引申意義。ground 含義與basis和foundation接近。一般指某種決定、論點或關(guān)系的基 礎(chǔ)，也可指某種原因的基礎(chǔ)。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper. 2. The earthquake shook the foundat

36、ion of the house. 3. Then I went to work at the Alameda naval air base , as a machinists helper.4. The ground for his decision were never clearly stated7. relieve: v. make less or easier - The injection can relieve the pain. - We were relieved to hear the news. - The doctors explanation relieved me

37、of my fears.8. boring: adj. dull, uninteresting -The lecture was so boring that I could barely stay awake. - The lesson was boring and the students were bored by it.9. dull: adj.boring not bright or clear slow in understanding; stupid -Some of the students found the campus routine a little dull. -Th

38、e conference was deadly dull. - Janes hair was a dull, darkish brown. - If you dont understand then youre duller than I thought. Cf: dull, boring & tedious這幾個詞都是形容詞，都有“令人厭煩的”、“生厭的”之意。dull 指因呆板，缺乏趣味性而令人感到厭煩，其內(nèi)涵是千篇一律，無吸引力，死氣沉沉。-The weekly meeting tends to be deadly dull. boring 概念最廣泛，尤其指引人厭倦，枯燥無聊的談話、文

39、章，也指令人生厭的人。 - He really is one of the most boring people Ive ever met. tedious 指因?qū)δ橙嘶蚰呈碌拿鑼懱L太多而乏味，也指因反復(fù)做某事而乏味。強調(diào)因沉悶而引起的生理上的不適。 - We had to sit through several tedious speeches 10. absent-minded: adj. not attentive, paying little attention to what one is doing; forgetful - The brilliant scientist bec

40、omes absent-minded with age. - The absent-minded boy is always losing his books.11. major: adj. greater or more important-The factorys inefficiency is a major problem. -Heavy traffic is a major problem in most cities all over the world.n. specialty or a student specializing in a certain field of stu

41、dy -Im changing my major to political science. -She is an English major at college.12. achieve: vt. get sth. by efforts; finish sth. successfully-He hopes to achieve his aims by the end of the year. -You will achieve nothing if you dont work hard. -Ive achieved only half of what Id hoped to do.Collo

42、cation: achieve ones aims/objectives 實現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)achieved ones ambition 取得成就achieve ones end/goal 達到某人的目標(biāo)achieve success 取得成就13. management: n.1) the people in charge of a factory or business-A failure in communication between the management and the workforce resulted in a strike.-The business is under n

43、ew management.2) the act of managing a business -She began to take over the management of her fathers business after she graduated from university. -The failure of many small businesses is caused by bad management.14. productive: adj. producing well or much -Jefferson was a productive and talented w

44、riter. -They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. -The meeting was very productive.15. frequent: adj. happening often; habitual -Sudden rainstorms are frequent on the Pacific Ocean. -His visits became less frequent as time passed.16. promotion: n. 1) a rise in position -There are go

45、od chances of promotion in this firm. -If you are successful, you can expect promotion. -Their sales promotions turned out to be very successful.2) an activity intended to help sell a product -He is responsible for sales promotion.Collocation: attain/gain/get/obtain/receive promotion 得到提升engage in p

46、romotion 從事商品推銷seek promotion謀求升遷health promotion增進健康sales promotion推銷 Phrases:1. happen to do sth: to do or be sth. By chance 恰巧是；碰巧做 -你是怎么成為導(dǎo)游的？-How did you happen to be a tourist guide? -The reporters are eager to know how she happened to be on the spot. -I happened to be out when she called.2. c

47、ome in: have or find a place; have a part to play -我很了解這個計劃，但我不知道我能在制衣廠起什么作用。 -I understand the plan perfectly; but I dont see where I come in at this shirt factory.-她在一百米賽跑中獲第二。 -She came in second in the hundred-meter dash.NB: 在英語中come是個常用語，它與副詞或介詞連用構(gòu)成新的詞組，詳見下面的詞組：Come out被刊登，被出版Come round蘇醒過來，（病人

48、）復(fù)元Come through經(jīng)歷Come to共計；達成Come upon突然產(chǎn)生（想法等）Come up to達到；符合Come up with趕上；提供3. look around/round: walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs -The speaker finished her speech and looked round to see if there were any questions. -He looked around for a house to rent.NB: 在英語中l(wèi)oo

49、k是個常用語，它與副詞或介詞連用構(gòu)成新的詞組，詳見下面的詞組：Look back回顧Look down on/ upon看不起，輕視Look for尋找；期待Look forward to盼望Look into觀察；調(diào)查Look on旁觀Look out留神；提防Look over查看；檢查Look through看穿；仔細查看 4. be amazed at / by: be greatly surprised at / by - We were absolutely amazed at his rapid recovery. - She is amazed by what you have

50、 told her. 5. except for: apart from; with the exception of - The house is deserted, except for the keeper. - The carpet is good except for its price. Cf. except, except for & besides 這些前置詞或短語均含“除之外”之意。except 側(cè)重于排除在外，從整體里減去。except for 多用于說明基本情況或?qū)χ饕糠旨右钥隙?，還引出相反的原 因或細節(jié)，從而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。 besides 指在

51、總體之外另加部分或個體，“除外，還有”。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1). Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?2). She felt fine exept for being a little tired. 3). People choose jobs for other reasons besides money. 4). I finished all the q

52、uestions except the second one. 5). Exept for one or two cars, the street was empty. 6. hold up: delay or cause to stop - Sorry Im late I was held up at work. - Traffic was held up for several hours by the accident. English Equivalents of Chinese:1. 著手做某事 set out to do sthrt2. 井井有條且整整齊齊 to be well-o

53、rganized and neat3. 效率專家 efficiency expert4. 高品質(zhì)/質(zhì)量 (of)high quality5. 偽劣產(chǎn)品 products of poor quality 6. 打下良好基礎(chǔ) lay a good foundation7. 工程建設(shè)項目construction project 8. 擔(dān)當(dāng)顧問位置come in as a consultant 9. 短期 on a short term basis / for a short period 10. 最令人奇怪的 most curious of all 11. 耽擱keep up with12. 覆蓋要

54、點 cover the major points 13. 美化乏味的環(huán)境beautify the dull setting14. 一位多產(chǎn)作家a productive writer15. 夜/白班night/day shiftPart V. Further ReadingProverbs and Quotations1. Work has a bitter root but sweet fruit. 工作是苦的根，甜的果。 2. A work ill done must be twice done. 做不好的工作必須做兩次。 3. Whatever I do, I will do in my

55、power. 我無論做什么事，我必盡力而為 4. Opportunity, sooner or later, comes to all who work and wish. 只要努力工作而有志向，機會遲早終會來臨。 5. Happiness, I have discovered, is nearly always a rebound from hard work. David Grayson, American journalist我發(fā)現(xiàn)，辛勤工作的報酬幾乎總是幸福。 美國記者 D. 格雷森 Part VI. Writing Pattern: Part A Sentence WritingDi

56、rections: Shorten the following sentences to make them more general.1) Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his plans turned out not quite as he had expected. (the sentence above the title of the text)Key: Sam set out to improve the efficienc

57、y at the shirt factory, but failed/in vain.2) When I was still in elementary school, I liked to keep my socks in the upper left-hand drawer of my bureau, my underwear in the upper right drawer, shirts in the middle drawer, and pants, neatly folded, in the bottom drawer. (L.4L.7)Key: When I was a chi

58、ld I liked to keep everything in order.3) I used to organize my fathers tools, my mothers kitchen utensils, my sisters boyfriends. (L.8L.9) Key: I used to arrange almost everything for my family.4) Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of tim

59、e and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. (L.36L.38)Key: Workers behind him were delayed, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost because of Jims daydream.5) If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting, the factory will be much m

60、ore productive. (L.47L.48) Key: The factory will be much more productive if the management provides better working conditions.Part B Writing Practice Combination: subordinating conjunctions A Brief Introduction1. Subordinate conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that join a depen